Peds quick associations Flashcards
Rolls over, laughs and squeals, brings hands together
3 mo
sits up unassisted in tripod, babbles and single syllables, transfers cube between hands, rakes food, can self feed
6 mo
crawling, object permanence, pincer grasp
9 mo
stands and cruises furniture, 1-3 words, block into cup, drinks from cup
12 mo
walk backwards, runs, 6 words, 2 cube tower, uses fork/spoon
15 mo
climbs stairs, kicks ball, combines words, makes animal sounds, 4 cube tower, brush teeth with help
18 mo
jump up, 1/2 speech understood by stranger, 2 word sentences, 6 cube tower, can wash and dry hands
2 y
jumps forward, ride tricycle, speech understood by stranger, can draw circle and line, make bowl of cereal, brush teeth, dress self
3y
hops on 1 foot, draw simple person, cross, buttons clothes
4 y
ties shoes, identifies colors, coins, counts to 5, copies square and triangle
5 y
skips, logical thinking (if, then), writes name, stick person
6 y
diffuse swelling or edema of scalp, crosses suture lines, resolves within a few days
caput succedaneum
subperiosteal hemorrhage after vacuum delivery, edema does not cross suture lines, resolves in weeks to months
cephalohematoma
spiderwebbing or marbling of skin, d/t vascular change from exposure to cold temperature
cutis marmorata
2-3 mm yellow pustule with red base arising in first 24-72 hrs, pustular contents reveal numerous eosinophils, gone by 1 week
Erythema toxicum neonatorum
intense reddening of gravity-dependent side and blanching of the nondependent side with a line of demarcation between the two, lasts seconds to minutes, first few days of life, may be due to immaturity of autonomic innervation to skin vessels, resolves in days to 2 weeks
Harlequin color change
vascular malformation occurring on nape of neck, upper eyelids, middle of forehead. Face lesions usually resolve by 18 mo, neck permanent
macular stains - stork bites
Salmon patches
white papules caused by retention of keratin and sebaceous material in pilosebaceous follicles. found on nose and cheeks, resolves in first few weeks
Milia
bluish discoloration over buttocks and base of spine, fades in 1-2 years, document to avoid later confusion with bruises
mongolian spots
maternal hormone stimulation of sebaceous glands or Malassezia; onset 3 weeks, resolves in 4 months. severe inflammation can be treated with topical ketoconazole or hydrocortisone
neonatal acne
yellow papules around nose and cheeks, onset 3-4 mo, clears by age 1, may persist until age 3. Severe inflammation managed by benzoyl peroxide or topical retinoids
infantile acne
superficial pustules overlying hyperpigmented macules, both resolve within weeks to months
transient neonatal pustular melanosis
Lactic acidosis, hyperlipidemia, hyperuricemia (gout)
Von Gierke dz - type 1
Diaphragm weakness leading to respiratory failure
Pompe disease - type II
Increased glycogen and liver, severe fasting hypoglycemia
Von Gierke disease type I
Hepatomegaly, hypoglycemia, hyperlipidemia, normal kidneys and normal uric acid level
Cori disease - Type III
Painful muscle cramps, myoglobinuria with strenuous exercise
McArdle disease Type V
Severe hepatosplenomegaly, enlarged kidneys
Von Gierke disease type I
Cleft lip/palate, life expectancy less than one year, polydactyly
Patau Sn - trisomy 13
High-pitched like cry
Cri-du-chat
Elfin facial features, cardiac defects
William Sn
Tall, thin man with gynecomastia and testicular atrophy
Klinefelter’s - XXY
Obesity and overeating in child with mental retardation and behavior problems
Prader-Willi - paternal Ch 15
Micrognathia, Life expectancy lesson one year, rocker bottom feet
Edward Sn - trisomy 18
Happy mood, inappropriate laughter, ataxic gait
Angelman Sn - maternal Ch 15
Large ears, MR, macroorchidism
Fragile X Sn - trinucleotide repeat
Intellectual disability, simian crease, GI and cardiac defects
Down syndrome
Short stature, infertility, coarctation of aorta
Turner syndrome
blue berry muffin rash
CMV
congenital rubella
Cough, coryza, conjunctivitis, koplik spots, fever, rash starts on head then moves down, clears same direction
Rubeola - measles
Tx: vit A
suboccipital and posterior cervical LAD, rash starts on face then generalizes, polyarthritis in women and teens, fever x1 day
Rubella
Rash on cheeks sparing area around lips, spreads to trunk and extremities, cough, coryza, diarrhea
erythema infectiosum - parvovirus B19
Sudden high fever of more than 102 for 3-4 days, then rash on trunk that spreads to body lasting 24 hours
roseola infantum - HHV 6
Sandpaper rash, worse in groin, strawberry tongue, cervical LAD, beefy-red pharynx
scarlet fever
Defect of dorsal vertebral arches above spinal cord at lumbosacral junction
spina bifida
Larger defects with herniation of meninges through the dorsal vertebral defect
menigocele
Herniation of the meninges and spinal cord through dorsal vertebral defect, associated with arnold chiari malformation
myelomeningocele
Absence of the forebrain, meninges, and portions of school
anencephaly
bowel/bladder incontinence, poor sensation, LMN signs, hydrocephaly, may have myelomeningocele
Arnold Chiari malformation
Impairment in social interactions, communications, and play; repetitive behaviors
Autism spectrum disorder
Characterized by hostility, annoyance, vindictiveness, disobedience, and resentfulness
Oppositional defiant disorder
Multiple motor and vocal tics
Tourette’s syndrome
Characterized by aggressive behavior, destruction of property, and cruelty to animals, under 18
Conduct disorder
Impulsive and inattentive
ADHD
