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DIT Level 2 > Neuro Meds and treatments > Flashcards

Neuro Meds and treatments Flashcards

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1
Q

Drug of choice for absence seizures

A

ethosuximide

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2
Q

First-line treatment for eclampsia

A

Magnesium sulfate

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3
Q

Anti-seizure drugs that blocks sodium channels

A 
Phenytoin
Carbamazepine
Lamotrigene
Topiramate
Valproic acid

Decreased action potential in neurons

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4
Q

Anti-seizure drugs that increase GABA activity

A 
Gabapentin
Phenobarbital
Valproic acid
Benzodiazepines
Tigabine
Vigabatrin
Levetiracetam

Decrease excitability of neurons

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5
Q

Anti-seizure drugs that block T type calcium channels

A

Gabapentin
ethosuximide
Phenytoin (at very high dose)

Decreased action potentials in neurons

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6
Q

Drug of choice for generalized seizures according to SANAD trial

A

valproic acid

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7
Q

Drug of choice for partial seizures according to SANAD trial

A

lamotrigene

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8
Q

Side effects of phenytoin

A 
"Phenytoin Has Given MDs Frustration"
Peripheral neuropathy
Hirsutism
Gingival hyperplasia
Megaloblastic anemia due to decreased folate absorption
Drug-induced lupus
Steven Johnson syndrome
Fetal hydantoin syndrome (cleft lip/pallet, congenital heart disease, intellectual disabilities with developmental delay)
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9
Q

Antiepileptics that are teratogens

A

Phenytoin
carbamazepine
valproic acid - spina bifida, ppx 4 mg folate daily

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10
Q

Drugs that cause Steven Johnson syndrome

A

Seizure drugs: ethosuximide, lamotrigine, carbamazepine, phenytoin, phenobarbital

Antibiotics: sulfonamides, penicillins

Allopurinol

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11
Q

Drug known to cause a agranulocytosis

A

carbamazapine
clozapine
colchicine
PTU and methimazole

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12
Q

Hepatotoxic antiepileptic drugs

A

valproic acid

carbamazepine

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13
Q

Drugs that induce CYP450

A

“Coronas, Guinness, and PBRS induce CHRONIC ALCOHOLISM”

carbamazepine
griseofulvin
phenytoin
barbiturates
rifampin
St. john wort
chronic alcoholism
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14
Q

Main medication in managing parkinsonian symptoms

A

Levodopa/ carbidopa

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15
Q

MAO-B inhibitor used in early Parkinson disease, neuroprotective effects

A

Selegiline

more dopamine longer

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16
Q

COMT inhibitors

A

potentiate levodopa in parkinson dz

entacapone
tolcapone

17
Q

2nd line dopamine agonists in Parkinson disease

A

Bromocriptin - ergot compound

non-ergot D3 stimulators:
pramipexole
ropinirole
rotigotine (transdermal)

Apomorphine (subQ) - rescue therapy for sudden akinetic episodes

18
Q

Anticholinergics used in Parkinson disease

A

for tremor

trihexyphenidyl
Benztropine

19
Q

Drug use in short-term monotherapy in mild Parkinson disease

A

Amantadine - increase dopamine release

20
Q

Cholinesterase inhibitors used in Alzheimer’s disease

A

Donepezil
Galantamine
Rivastigmine

21
Q

NMDA receptor blocker used in Alzheimer’s disease

A

Memantine

22
Q

Initial empiric therapy in ER for patient with loss of consciousness

A

Thiamine first
Glucose - presumed hypoglycemia
Naloxone - presumed overdose

23
Q

Antihistamines used as sleep aid

A

Diphenhydramine

Associated with poor sleep quality, next day fatigue

24
Q

Trazodone for sleep aid

A

Antidepressant, anticholinergic/antihistamine effects

Next a fatigue

25
Q

TCAs used for sleep aid

A

amitriptyline
doxepin

Antidepressant, anticholinergic Side effects - avoid in elderly (confusion)

26
Q

Benzodiazepines used as sleep aids

A

triazolam
temazepam
lorazepam
clonazepam

Bind to GABA receptors, addictive, increase N2, decrease N3 and REM

27
Q

Nonbenzodiazepines used as sleep aids

A

Zolpidem - longest acting
Zaleplon - shortest acting
Eszopiclone

Act at the specific GABA type A receptor, rebound insomnia when discontinued, sleepwalking

28
Q

Orexin receptor antagonist used as a sleep aid

A

Suvorexant

Orexin A and B are hypothalamic neuropeptides that promote wakefulness - blocking promotes sleepiness

29
Q

Ramelteon for sleep aid

A

Agonist at melatonin receptor - non-habit forming

30
Q

Drugs used in restless legs syndrome

A

Dopamine agonists: pramipexole, ropinirole

gabapentin
Pregabalin

severe: levodopa/carbidopa

31
Q

Topical acetazolamide- open angle glaucoma

A

reduce aqueous humor production

32
Q

Prostaglandins - open angle glaucoma

A

latanoprost - increased outflow aqueous humor

33
Q

B-blockers - open angle glaucoma

A

timolol - inhibit aqueous humor production

34
Q

alpha 2 - adrenergic agonist -open angle glaucoma

A

apraclonidine, brinomidine - reduce aqueous humor production and increase outflow

35
Q

Cholinergic agonists - open angle glaucoma

A

pilocarpine - cause miosis and open trabecular meshwork -> increased outflow of aqueous humor

DIT Level 2 (49 decks)

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