Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Clin Med IV: Pediatrics > Pediatric Urology > Flashcards

Pediatric Urology Flashcards

1
Q

what is a majority of the peditric urologic concerns in children a result of

A

congenital anomalies or renal, ureteral or urethral tracts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is often accompanied with renal abnormalities in children

A

Ureteral abnormalities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what are the most common types of stones with nephrolithiasis in children

A

calcium oxalate or calcium phosphate

m/c from hypercalciuria and hypocitraturia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What type of stones is Lesch-nyhan syndrome associated with

A

Urate stones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is the treatment of nephrolithiasis in children

A

treat underlying problem of disease process
hydration
surgical removal if necessary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

when can hydronephrosis be detected in children

A

prenatal ultrasound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

where are the common obstruction areas with hydronephrosis in children

A

Ureteropelvic junction- proximal (UPJ-prox)
Ureterovesicular junction - distal (UVJ - distal)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

how is the diagnosis made of hydronephrosis in children

A

nuclear renal scan with furosemide (diuretic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is VUR

A

Vesico-Ureteral Reflux
retrograde flow of urine from bladder up into ureter and even kidney

difficult to distinguish from hydronephrosis with US alone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How is VUR diagnosed

A

VCUG (voiding cystourethrogram)

contrast instilled in bladder via a catheter, xr taken while pts bladder is being filled and child voids to check for reflux

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Who should obtain a renal US

A

all infants after first febrile UTI to screen for congenital abnormalities of GU system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what procedure helps to reduce the risk of UTI in boys

A

Circumcision

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the most common pathogen with UTI

A

Fecal flora
(85% E. coli, also Klebsiella, etc)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

what is the presentation of newborns and infants with UTI

A

fever OR hypothermia
poor feeding
irritability
failure to thrive
vomiting
may note: strong or foul smelling urine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q
A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is the presentation of UTI in preschoolers

A

Abdominal or flank pain
vomiting
fever
frequency
dysuria
enuresis

20
Q

what is the presentation of UTI in school age children

A

more classic s/sx of cystitis or pyelonephritis

21
Q

what is seen on urinalysis with UTI

A

usually with pyruia, positive leukocyte esterase

22
Q

what is the treatment of UTI in < 3month olds who are febrile, toxic, dehydrate or septic

A

admission and given IV abx

23
Q

what are the antibiotics of choice for UTI treatment

A

amoxicillin, TMP-SMX or first gen cephalosporin for cystitis
7-10 days.

24
Q

how long should acute pyelonephritis be treated for

A

10-14 days

25
Q

what is repeated spontaneous voiding of urine during sleep, child > 5yo

A

enuresis

26
Q

what is primary noctural enuresis

A

disparity between bladder capacity and overnight urine production as well as failure to awaken in response to full bladder

  • strong genetic influence
  • constipation also associated
27
Q

What is associated with secondary nocturnal enuresis

A

problems including depression, anxiety, social phobias, conduct disorder and ADHD.
somtimes considered “regressive” and more behavioral.
can be a response to emotional trauma.

28
Q

what are the treatment options for enuresis

A

non-pharm: motivation, training, alarm, biofeedback
pharmacoloic: kids > 7yo

29
Q

what are the pharmacologic options for enuresis

A

DDAVP (desmopressin) and Imipramine
anticholinergic - 2nd line

30
Q

what is an anomaly caused by failure of tubularization and fusion of urethral groove - urethra opens to underside of penile shaft

A

hypospadias

31
Q

what is clinical presentation of phimosis

A

may be asymptomatic
difficult urination
ballooning of prepuce
weak, think urinary stream
recurrent balanitis

32
Q

what are the treatment options for phimosis

A

corticosteroid cream (short term)
dorsal slit
circumcision

33
Q

what is preputial skin trapped behind tight ring glands that becomes dematous

A

paraphimosis

34
Q

what is the first line treatment for paraphimosis

A

compression of devema and replacement of foreskin

35
Q

what is the treatment of cryptorchidism

A

surgical orchiopexy

36
Q

What is a emergency condition due to the rotation of testis and strangulation of blood supply

A

testicular torsion

37
Q

what are the symptoms of testicular torsion

A

acute scrotal pain and swelling
nausea and vomiting

38
Q

how is testicular torsion diagnosed

A

PE and confirmed with color Doppler US

39
Q

what is the treatment of testicular torsion

A

immediate manual detorsion
followed by surgical intervention

40
Q

when is testicular torsion most common to present

(age)

A

12-18 years old, second peak in infancy

m/c in left testis

41
Q

What reflex is affected with testicular torsion

A

cremasteric relfex usually absent on affected side

42
Q

What is the treatment of epididymitis or orchitis

A

antibiotics in babies and sexually active males
analgesics
scrotal support
not all cases require abx

43
Q

What is the medication treatment for epididymitis for sexually active males

A

ceftriaxone + doxycyline

44
Q

what are the complications of epididymitis if untreated

A

infertility
worsening ascending infection

45
Q

what is the typical infection associated with Orchitis

A

mumps

46
Q

what is the treatment of penile adhesion

A

steroid cream
vaseline (soften adhesion)
watch and wait
surgical lysis of adhesion (uncommon)

47
Q

What is the fusion of labia minora, complete or partial

A

labial adhesion

48
Q

what is thought to be the cause of labial adhesion

A

thought to be caused by low estrogen state and then possibly irritation resulting in re-epithelialization

Clin Med IV: Pediatrics (16 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions