Pediatric Nutrition Flashcards
what are influnces on nutrient requirements
rate of growth
body composition
composition of new growth
What is the main dietary energy source for infants
fats
what are contraindications of breast feeding
Maternal infection- TB, HIV(developing countries), ?HepC
Drugs
how long should one wait between introducing new foods
5 - 7 days (ideally 10-14 days)
How are baby foods staged
1: single ingredient
2: strained food combo
3: small chunks
4: table food
What foods should be avoided in the first year of life
Honey (botulism)
Fruit juice (too sugary)
cows milk
choking hazards
how is nutritional status asessed?
Quantity of foods
Quality of foods
Variety of foods
What is 5-2-1
5 servings of fruits and vegetables
no more than 2 hrs screen time/day
1 hour activity / day
what is the leading cause of mortality in children, worldwide
malnutrition
either inadequate intake or inadequate absorption of foods
what is colic
severe crying in infants < 3 months, with paroxysmal abdominal pain
what are the symptoms of colic
sudden onset, may last hours
abdomen is tense
legs may be drawn up, hands clenched
seems relieved with passing gas
occurs often at late afternoon/evening
what is the treatment of Colic
try to prevent by improving feeding techniques, environmental controls
food sensitivies/allergies in mother and child
how should obesity be treated as
chronic medical problem
What genetic syndrome as associated with childhood obesity
Prader-willi
Turner syndromes
what endocrine disorders are associated with chilhood obesity
hypothyroidism
cushings disease
what labs should be done on a 10 year old without risk factors with a BMI of 85-94%
Fasting lipid profile
what lab tests should be run on a 10 year old with risk factors and a BMI of 85-94%
Lipid profile, ALT, AST, fasting glucose
What lab tests should be run on a 10 year old wiht a BMI > 95%
lipid profile, ALT, AST, fasting fluocse, other labs indicated by health risks
What is the goal BMI for childhood obesity
< 85th percentile
What is Pica
presistent eating of non-nutritive, non-food substances, over at least 1 month
What is Rumination disorder
repeated regurgitation of food over at least 1 month
NOT attributed to GI disesae
NOT within context of another eating disoder
What is Night Eating Syndrome
3 months or more of:
excessive evening or nighttime eating
morning anorexia
frequent nighttime awakening
nighttime awakenings frequently assoaited with snacking on high-calorie food
What is the female athlete triad
combo of amenorrhea, osteopososis and disordered eating
highest risk: gymnasts, ballet, figure skaters
How is female athlete triad diagnosed
diagnosis of exclusion
not clinical or lab results
What is the treatment of female athlete triad
focus on adequate nutrition
healthy exercise option
HRT
What are risk factors of Eating disorders
family hx
familial relationship with food
“High risk” sports
other illnesses
ADHD?
What is the next step if you suspect eating disorder?
team approach:
- medical provider
- psychiatrist/psychologist/social worker
- nurse
- nutritionist
- parents
