Pediatric GI Flashcards
What can Bile-stained emesis indicate
intestinal obstruction
requiring IMMEDIATE evaluation
what is regurgitation of stomach contents
GERD
what is the presentation of GERD in pediatric populations
recurrent splitting up and vomiting of infants
poor feeding and irritability in infants
heartburn in children
abdominal discomfort
what are pathologic symptoms of GERD
FTT, dysphagia or chronic respiratory symptoms, apnea spells
what is the treatment of GERD
Dietary education
acid suppression
surgery
What is Encopresis
involuntary bowel movement
repeated passage of stool into inappropriate places by child who is chronologically or developmentally older than 4 years
what is the presentation of encopresis
avoid having BM due to pain
overflow incontinence
stomach pain and cramps
decrease urge sensations
+/- lower abdominal tenderness or distension
what is the treatment of Encopresis
end tx will be combination of medical and behavioral
behavioral should be first line and is preferred
what is pyloric stenosis
stenosis that occurs due to hypertrophy of muscle surrounding the pylorus
what is the presentation of pyloric stenosis
projectile non-bilious vomiting or regurgitation within 2 hours of feeding
palpable olive-shaped mass in RUQ
peristaltic waves across abdomen prior to vomiting
what are lab abnormalities with pyloric stenosis
increased Cl, decreased K+, increased bilirubin
elevation of Hgb/HcT secondary to dehyrdation
what imaging confirms that diagnosis of pyloric stenosis
Ultrasound
what is the treatment of pyloric stenosis
surgery (pyloromyotomy- Ramstedt procedure)
what is a proximal segment of the intestine that “prolapses” into distal segment of the intestine
intussusception
what is the most common cause of intestinal obstruction in first 2 years of life
intussusception
wehre is the palpable sausage-shaped mass found with intussusception
hepatic flexure (not always present)
what is the preferred imaging for intussusception
Ultrasound
Barium or air enema is diagnostic and therapeutic
what is a life-threatening complication of laprotation of intestine or stomach
volvulus
what is the clinical presentation of volvulus
ill appearing with possible signs of shock; usu acute
sudden abdominal pain; colicky
bilious vomiting
may or may not have a fever
what is a “coffee bean” sign on x-ray indicative of
volvulus
what is the management of volvulus
usu. emergent surgcial intervention (can consider flex sig first but usu used more in adults)
what is atresia
a condition in which an orifice or passage in the body is closed or absent
OR
an absence or abdominal narrowing or an opening or passsage int he body
when do symptoms of atresia usually present
within first few hours of life
what is the presentation of CEA
hypersalivation
choking
cough
respiratory distress
cyanosis
inability to pass nasogastric tube into stomach
congenital esophageal atresia
