Pediatric Emergency Medicine (incomplete)

Question 1

What are the leading causes of death in < 1 year olds

Answer 1

1. congenital anomalies
2. gestational issues
3. SIDS
4. maternal complication of pregnancy
5. unintentional injury

Question 2

what are the leading cuases of death in 1-4 year olds

Answer 2

1. unintentional injury
2. congenital
3. homicide
4. malignancy
5. heart disease

Question 3

what are the leading causes of death in 5-9 year olds

Answer 3

1. unintentional injuries
2. malignancies
3. congenital
4. homicide
5. heart disease

Question 4

What are the leading causes of death in 10-14 years olds

Answer 4

1. unintentional injuries
2. malignancy
3. suicide
4. homiicide
5. congenital defects

Question 5

What are the leading causes of death in 15-24 year olds

Answer 5

1. unintentional injuries
2. suicide
3. homicide
4. malignancy
5. heart disease

Question 6

What is AVPU

Answer 6

Alert
Responsive to verbal stimuli
Painful stimuli
Unresponsive

Question 7

What is TICLS

Answer 7

Tone
Interactability
Consolability
Look/gaze
Speech/cry

Question 8

What age group are at high risk with fevers

Answer 8

Newborn: 0 -28 days old

Question 8

what is the most common bacteria from the birth canal

Answer 8

E. coli
group B strep
HSV
Listeria
MRSA

Question 9

if a child is hypotensive what may they require?

Answer 9

Pressors

Question 10

at what age can ibuprofen be given to children

Answer 10

> 6 months old

Question 12

What is the classic triad of bacterial meningitis

Answer 12

Fever
stiff neck
change in mental status

Question 13

how can babies present with bacterial meningitis

Answer 13

poor feeding
irritable particularly when handled
high pitched or moaning cry
abnormal tone
vacant staring
poorly responsive or lethargic
tense fontanelle
cyanosis

Question 14

what is the opening pressure of a meningitis LP

Answer 14

> 200mg H20

need to be lying laterally to assess pressure

Question 15

What is the treatment of bacterial meningitis

Answer 15

supportive care
antimicrobials: Vancyo + Ceftriaxone
Steroids (dexamethasone)
(if concern for HSV, antiviral medications)

Question 16

what age group is appendicitis most common in

Answer 16

Age 10-19 years old

Question 17

what is the classic presentation of appendicitis

Answer 17

fever
periumbilical pain that migrate to RLQ
poor PO intake
Diarrhea (may still feel constipated) malaise

Question 18

What is the work-up for appendicitis

Answer 18

if suspected, may be evaluated by US
CBC
CMP
CRP
UA
+/- CT scan

Question 19

what is the management of appendicitis

Answer 19

keep NPO
treat pain
hydrate the patient
consult surgery
once confirmed, IV abx

Question 21

What are the IV abx used for appendicitis

Answer 21

piperacillin-tazobactam
ceftriaxone and metronidazole

Question 22

what is the most common cause of death in pediatric trauma

Answer 22

Head injury

Question 23

what is the most commmon mechanism of head injury in children

Answer 23

falls

Question 24

What is NEXUS

Answer 24

National Emergency x-ray Radiography Utilization Study

validated for children > 8 years old

Question 25

What is SCIWORA

Answer 25

Spinal Cord Injury WithOut Radiographic Abnormality

Question 26

what is the image test of choice for SCIWORA

Answer 26

MRI

Question 28

what is the presentation of near-drowning

Answer 28

may require resuscitation in the fild
alternatively, may be fairly asymptomatic
pulmonary: edema, ARDS, SOB, crackles
CV: hypoxia may lead to arrhythmia, cardiac arrest
CNS: AMS