Pectoral Girdle and upper limbs

Question 1

Pectoral girdle

Answer 1

formed by clavicle and scapula

Question 2

Shoulder

Answer 2

pectoral girdle, proximal portion of humerus

Question 3

Acromioclavicular joint - 1 of 2 shoulder joints

Answer 3

Scapula to clavicle

Question 4

Glenohumeral joint - 1 of 2 shoulder joints

Answer 4

Connects upper limb to pectoral girdle.

Question 5

Greater and lesser tubercle

Answer 5

Lateral and anterior respectively. rotator cuff muscle attachment sites

Question 6

Intertubercular Sulcus

Answer 6

Bicipital groove named for muscleR tendon that runs through here.

Question 7

Radial groove of humerus

Answer 7

Radial nerve and profunda brachii artery lie in this groove.

Question 8

Lateral epicondyle

Answer 8

Attachment for posterior forearm compartment muscles.

Question 9

Medial epicondyle

Answer 9

Large protuberence for attachment of anterior forearm compartment muscles. Ulnar nerve passes posteriorly to this.

Question 10

Capitulum

Answer 10

Articulates w/radius - radial fossa

Question 11

Trochlea

Answer 11

Articulates with ulna - coronoid fossa

Question 12

Olecranon fossa

Answer 12

Posterior surface. Olecranon of ulna during extension.

Question 13

Radial tuberosity

Answer 13

Attachment of biceps brachii tendon

Question 14

Oblique line

Answer 14

Important for muscle attachments

Question 15

Ulna tuberosity

Answer 15

Important for brachiallis attachment.

Question 16

Supinator crest

Answer 16

Important for attachment of deep/ulnar head of supinator muscle.

Question 17

Dorsal tubercle

Answer 17

Thumb extensor muscle “pulley”.

Question 18

Wrist

Answer 18

8 carpel bones in rows of 4 bones each.

Question 19

Cutaneous nerves

Answer 19

located in superficial fascia. Not visible through skin. Branches of brachial plexus deep to deep fascia.
Superficial veins - in superficial fascia - visible through skin, tributaries to deep veins beneath deep fascia.

Question 20

Look at nerve locations for cutaneous nerves - slides

Answer 20

x

Question 21

Superficial veins

Answer 21

Cephlic v, basilic v, median cubital v, dorsal venous arch.

Question 22

Basilic vein

Answer 22

Drains anterior/medial aspect of UL, pierces deep fascia of arm, tributary to axillary v.

Question 23

Median cubital vein

Answer 23

Connects cephalic and basilic v. Located in cubital fossa. IV vein for venipuncture.

Question 24

Dorsal venous arch of the hand

Answer 24

Drains superficial dorsal vv. of hand. Arches across dorsal surface of hand, trubutary to both cephalic and basilic v.

Question 25

Deep fascia of arm

Answer 25

Deep fascia of arm - brachial fossa. Will compartmentalize areas of arm. Connected to humerus by 2 fascial septa. Divides arm into anterior and posterior compartments. As a result, this will compartmentalize neurovasculature and muscles. Clinically relevnat to compartmental syndromes (swelling in one specific compartment, etc.).

Question 26

Anterior compartment of arm

Answer 26

Contains biceps brachii, coracobrachialis and brachialis muscle. Contains brachail vessels and 5 brachial plexus nerves - 3 motor nerves, musculocutaneous, median and ulnar nn.-supply skin of medial arm & forearm

Question 27

biceps brachii

Answer 27

Long head = long tendon (you can’t see full extent of it). Short head will look like it is the longer muscle.

A: flexes & supinates forearm (slight arm flexion)
N: musculocutaneous n. & brachial vessels

Question 28

Brachialis

Answer 28

Deep muscle of the bulk of the arm. Musculocutaneous nerve pierces the muscle. Flexes the forearm (insertion is on one of the bones of the forearm.

A: flexes forearm
N: radial & musculocutaneous nn. & brachial vessels

Question 29

Coracobrachialis muscle

Answer 29

A: flexes arm
N: musculocutaneous n. & brachial vessels

Question 30

Posterior Compartment of Arm

Answer 30

Contains triceps brachii m.
extensors of elbow/forearm
‘3 head’
long, lateral, & medial
Contains radial n. & deep brachial a.
initially located within triangular interval

Question 31

Profunda/profundus

Answer 31

Refers to deep.

Question 32

Anterior Compartment of Forearm

Answer 32

3 Layers:
superficial (4)
intermediate (1)
deep (3)

Associated functions: wrist movements, flexion of digits & thumb, and pronation

Median & Ulnar nn.
(C6, C7, C8, T1)

Question 33

Posterior compartment of forearm

Answer 33

2 layers - superficial (7), deep (5).

Associated with: movement of wrist, extension of fingers and thumb, supination, innervated by radial n - C5, 6, 7, 8.

Question 34

Musculocutaneous nerve

Answer 34

Pierces coracobrachialis muscle to supply it. Continues into biceps and brachialis. Supplies all of brachii and medial part of brachiallis. Emerges between these mm as lateral antebrachial cutaneous.

Question 35

Median N.

Answer 35

Runs down medial aspect of arm lateral to brachial artery. Crosses over to medial side of it and enters cubital fossa. Runs between superficial and deep anterior forearm muscle.

Question 36

Ulnar nerve

Answer 36

Travels posteriorly down medial aspect of arm. Runs in cubital tunnel between medial epicondyle and lecranon. “Funnybone” is direct compression of ulnar nerve. Very superficial, but dives deep into medial forearm with ulnar artery to supply it. Continues over carpal tunnel to supply medial hand and deepest muscles of hand.

Question 37

Radial nerve

Answer 37

Runs with deep brachial - profunda brachial - artery in radial groove of humerus. Located between lateral and medial heads of triceps. Continues between brachialis and brachiradials mm. Supplies all of triceps brachii and lateral part of brachialis muscle.

Question 38

Brachial artery

Answer 38

Direct continuation of axillary artery. Runs from inferior border of teres major m to its bifurcation. Once this passes, it splits to radial and ulnar arteries in cubital fossa. Sends off deep brachial a and several msucular branches. Sends off superior an dinferior ulnar collateral.