Pectoral Girdle and upper limbs Flashcards
Pectoral girdle
formed by clavicle and scapula
Shoulder
pectoral girdle, proximal portion of humerus
Acromioclavicular joint - 1 of 2 shoulder joints
Scapula to clavicle
Glenohumeral joint - 1 of 2 shoulder joints
Connects upper limb to pectoral girdle.
Greater and lesser tubercle
Lateral and anterior respectively. rotator cuff muscle attachment sites
Intertubercular Sulcus
Bicipital groove named for muscleR tendon that runs through here.
Radial groove of humerus
Radial nerve and profunda brachii artery lie in this groove.
Lateral epicondyle
Attachment for posterior forearm compartment muscles.
Medial epicondyle
Large protuberence for attachment of anterior forearm compartment muscles. Ulnar nerve passes posteriorly to this.
Capitulum
Articulates w/radius - radial fossa
Trochlea
Articulates with ulna - coronoid fossa
Olecranon fossa
Posterior surface. Olecranon of ulna during extension.
Radial tuberosity
Attachment of biceps brachii tendon
Oblique line
Important for muscle attachments
Ulna tuberosity
Important for brachiallis attachment.
Supinator crest
Important for attachment of deep/ulnar head of supinator muscle.
Dorsal tubercle
Thumb extensor muscle “pulley”.
Wrist
8 carpel bones in rows of 4 bones each.
Cutaneous nerves
located in superficial fascia. Not visible through skin. Branches of brachial plexus deep to deep fascia.
Superficial veins - in superficial fascia - visible through skin, tributaries to deep veins beneath deep fascia.
Look at nerve locations for cutaneous nerves - slides
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Superficial veins
Cephlic v, basilic v, median cubital v, dorsal venous arch.
Basilic vein
Drains anterior/medial aspect of UL, pierces deep fascia of arm, tributary to axillary v.
Median cubital vein
Connects cephalic and basilic v. Located in cubital fossa. IV vein for venipuncture.
Dorsal venous arch of the hand
Drains superficial dorsal vv. of hand. Arches across dorsal surface of hand, trubutary to both cephalic and basilic v.
Deep fascia of arm
Deep fascia of arm - brachial fossa. Will compartmentalize areas of arm. Connected to humerus by 2 fascial septa. Divides arm into anterior and posterior compartments. As a result, this will compartmentalize neurovasculature and muscles. Clinically relevnat to compartmental syndromes (swelling in one specific compartment, etc.).
Anterior compartment of arm
Contains biceps brachii, coracobrachialis and brachialis muscle. Contains brachail vessels and 5 brachial plexus nerves - 3 motor nerves, musculocutaneous, median and ulnar nn.-supply skin of medial arm & forearm
biceps brachii
Long head = long tendon (you can’t see full extent of it). Short head will look like it is the longer muscle.
A: flexes & supinates forearm (slight arm flexion)
N: musculocutaneous n. & brachial vessels
Brachialis
Deep muscle of the bulk of the arm. Musculocutaneous nerve pierces the muscle. Flexes the forearm (insertion is on one of the bones of the forearm.
A: flexes forearm
N: radial & musculocutaneous nn. & brachial vessels
Coracobrachialis muscle
A: flexes arm
N: musculocutaneous n. & brachial vessels
Posterior Compartment of Arm
Contains triceps brachii m.
extensors of elbow/forearm
‘3 head’
long, lateral, & medial
Contains radial n. & deep brachial a.
initially located within triangular interval
Profunda/profundus
Refers to deep.
Anterior Compartment of Forearm
3 Layers:
superficial (4)
intermediate (1)
deep (3)
Associated functions: wrist movements, flexion of digits & thumb, and pronation
Median & Ulnar nn.
(C6, C7, C8, T1)
Posterior compartment of forearm
2 layers - superficial (7), deep (5).
Associated with: movement of wrist, extension of fingers and thumb, supination, innervated by radial n - C5, 6, 7, 8.
Musculocutaneous nerve
Pierces coracobrachialis muscle to supply it. Continues into biceps and brachialis. Supplies all of brachii and medial part of brachiallis. Emerges between these mm as lateral antebrachial cutaneous.
Median N.
Runs down medial aspect of arm lateral to brachial artery. Crosses over to medial side of it and enters cubital fossa. Runs between superficial and deep anterior forearm muscle.
Ulnar nerve
Travels posteriorly down medial aspect of arm. Runs in cubital tunnel between medial epicondyle and lecranon. “Funnybone” is direct compression of ulnar nerve. Very superficial, but dives deep into medial forearm with ulnar artery to supply it. Continues over carpal tunnel to supply medial hand and deepest muscles of hand.
Radial nerve
Runs with deep brachial - profunda brachial - artery in radial groove of humerus. Located between lateral and medial heads of triceps. Continues between brachialis and brachiradials mm. Supplies all of triceps brachii and lateral part of brachialis muscle.
Brachial artery
Direct continuation of axillary artery. Runs from inferior border of teres major m to its bifurcation. Once this passes, it splits to radial and ulnar arteries in cubital fossa. Sends off deep brachial a and several msucular branches. Sends off superior an dinferior ulnar collateral.
