PE - joints, muscles & movements Flashcards
1
Q
types of movement
A
- flexion
- extension
- adduction
- abduction
- plantar flexion
- dorsiflexion
- rotation
- circumduction
2
Q
flexion
A
closing a joint
3
Q
extension
A
opening a joint
4
Q
adduction
A
moving towards the midline of the body
5
Q
abduction
A
moving away from the center of the body
6
Q
plantar flexion
A
extension at the ankle
7
Q
dorsiflexion
A
flexion of the ankle
8
Q
rotation
A
clockwise / anticlockwise movement of a limb
9
Q
circumduction
A
movement in a circular motion creating a cone shape
10
Q
ball and socket - movement
A
all movements (name 6)
11
Q
hinge - movement
A
- flexion and extension
12
Q
synovial joint
A
- type of joint
- contains synovial membrane
13
Q
synovial membrane
A
- produces synovial fluid
14
Q
cartilage
A
- covers the ends of the bone
- gives smooth, friction-free surface
15
Q
capsule
A
- tough fibrous tissue
- surrounds synovial joints
- usually supported by ligaments
16
Q
ligaments
A
- join bone to bone
17
Q
dislocation
A
- bones of a joint separate from their normal position
18
Q
synovial fluid
A
- produced by the synovial membrane
- lubricate the joint
19
Q
bursae
A
- fluid full bags that help reduce friction at the joint
20
Q
tendons
A
- attach muscles to bones
21
Q
elbow joint
A
- articulating bones = humerus, ulna, radius
- hinge joint
- flexion and extension
22
Q
knee joint
A
- articulating bones = tibia and femur
- hinge joint
- flexion and extension
23
Q
ankle joint
A
- articulating bones = tibia, fibula and talus
- synovial hinge joint
- plantar and dorsiflexion
24
Q
hip joint
A
- articulating bones = pelvis and femur
- ball and socket
- flexion, extension, adduction and abduction
25
shoulder joint
- articulating joint = humerous and scapula
- ball and socket joint
- all 6
26
agonist
- prime mover
- contracts
- for action
27
antagonist
- relaxes or lengthens
- for smooth and controlled motion
28
elbow joint - agonist and antagonist
flexion
agonist - biceps
antagonist - triceps
extension
agonist - triceps
antagonist - biceps
29
knee joint - agonist and antagonist
flexion
agonist - hamstring
antagonist - quadriceps
extension
agonist - quadriceps
antagonist - hamstring
30
hip joint - agonist and antagonist
flexion
agonist - hip flexor
antagonist - gluteus maximus
extension
agonist - gluteus maximus
antagonist - hip flexors
31
ankle joint - agonist and antagonist
plantarflexion
agonist - gastrocnemius
antagonist - tibialis anterior
dorsiflexion
agonist - tibialis anterior
antagonist - gastrocnemius
32
shoulder joint - agonist and antagonist
flexion & abduction
agonist - deltoid
antagonist - latissimus dorsi
extension & adduction
agonist - latissimus dorsi (pectoralis major)
antagonist - deltoid
33
isotonic
- muscle changes (concentric & eccentric)
- movement of joins is visible
eg. running, swimming, squats
34
isometric
- muscle produces force without changing (stays the same)
- muscle remains in fixed positions
eg. plank, wall sits, static holds
35
concentric contraction
- muscle shortens
- overcomes resistence
- usually in "lifting" or "upward" phase
- generally requires more energy
36
eccentric
- muscle lengthen
- resisting external forces
- usually in "lowering" or "downward" phase
- can handle greater loads but less energy-intensive
37
difference between agonist/antagonist and concentric/eccentric
agonist/antagonist = which muscle is working (its role)
concentric/eccentric = how the muscle is working (type of contraction)
38
muscles in the body
- pectorials
- deltiod
- rotator cuffs
- biceps
- triceps
- abdominals
- latissimus dorsi
- hip flexors
- gluteus maximus
- quadriceps
- hamstrings
- tibialis anterior
- gastrocnemius
