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IGCSE cards > PE - joints, muscles & movements > Flashcards

PE - joints, muscles & movements Flashcards

1
Q

types of movement

A
  • flexion
  • extension
  • adduction
  • abduction
  • plantar flexion
  • dorsiflexion
  • rotation
  • circumduction
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2
Q

flexion

A

closing a joint

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3
Q

extension

A

opening a joint

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4
Q

adduction

A

moving towards the midline of the body

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5
Q

abduction

A

moving away from the center of the body

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6
Q

plantar flexion

A

extension at the ankle

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7
Q

dorsiflexion

A

flexion of the ankle

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8
Q

rotation

A

clockwise / anticlockwise movement of a limb

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9
Q

circumduction

A

movement in a circular motion creating a cone shape

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10
Q

ball and socket - movement

A

all movements (name 6)

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11
Q

hinge - movement

A
  • flexion and extension
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12
Q

synovial joint

A
  • type of joint
  • contains synovial membrane
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13
Q

synovial membrane

A
  • produces synovial fluid
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14
Q

cartilage

A
  • covers the ends of the bone
  • gives smooth, friction-free surface
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15
Q

capsule

A
  • tough fibrous tissue
  • surrounds synovial joints
  • usually supported by ligaments
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16
Q

ligaments

A
  • join bone to bone
17
Q

dislocation

A
  • bones of a joint separate from their normal position
18
Q

synovial fluid

A
  • produced by the synovial membrane
  • lubricate the joint
19
Q

bursae

A
  • fluid full bags that help reduce friction at the joint
20
Q

tendons

A
  • attach muscles to bones
21
Q

elbow joint

A
  • articulating bones = humerus, ulna, radius
  • hinge joint
  • flexion and extension
22
Q

knee joint

A
  • articulating bones = tibia and femur
  • hinge joint
  • flexion and extension
23
Q

ankle joint

A
  • articulating bones = tibia, fibula and talus
  • synovial hinge joint
  • plantar and dorsiflexion
24
Q

hip joint

A
  • articulating bones = pelvis and femur
  • ball and socket
  • flexion, extension, adduction and abduction
25
Q

shoulder joint

A
  • articulating joint = humerous and scapula
  • ball and socket joint
  • all 6
26
Q

agonist

A
  • prime mover
  • contracts
  • for action
27
Q

antagonist

A
  • relaxes or lengthens
  • for smooth and controlled motion
28
Q

elbow joint - agonist and antagonist

A

flexion
agonist - biceps
antagonist - triceps

extension
agonist - triceps
antagonist - biceps

29
Q

knee joint - agonist and antagonist

A

flexion
agonist - hamstring
antagonist - quadriceps

extension
agonist - quadriceps
antagonist - hamstring

30
Q

hip joint - agonist and antagonist

A

flexion
agonist - hip flexor
antagonist - gluteus maximus

extension
agonist - gluteus maximus
antagonist - hip flexors

31
Q

ankle joint - agonist and antagonist

A

plantarflexion
agonist - gastrocnemius
antagonist - tibialis anterior

dorsiflexion
agonist - tibialis anterior
antagonist - gastrocnemius

32
Q

shoulder joint - agonist and antagonist

A

flexion & abduction
agonist - deltoid
antagonist - latissimus dorsi

extension & adduction
agonist - latissimus dorsi (pectoralis major)
antagonist - deltoid

33
Q

isotonic

A
  • muscle changes (concentric & eccentric)
  • movement of joins is visible

eg. running, swimming, squats

34
Q

isometric

A
  • muscle produces force without changing (stays the same)
  • muscle remains in fixed positions

eg. plank, wall sits, static holds

35
Q

concentric contraction

A
  • muscle shortens
  • overcomes resistence
  • usually in “lifting” or “upward” phase
  • generally requires more energy
36
Q

eccentric

A
  • muscle lengthen
  • resisting external forces
  • usually in “lowering” or “downward” phase
  • can handle greater loads but less energy-intensive
37
Q

difference between agonist/antagonist and concentric/eccentric

A

agonist/antagonist = which muscle is working (its role)
concentric/eccentric = how the muscle is working (type of contraction)

38
Q

muscles in the body

A
  • pectorials
  • deltiod
  • rotator cuffs
  • biceps
  • triceps
  • abdominals
  • latissimus dorsi
  • hip flexors
  • gluteus maximus
  • quadriceps
  • hamstrings
  • tibialis anterior
  • gastrocnemius

IGCSE cards (16 decks)

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