Food tech - Vitamins and Minerals

Question 1

Vitamin A

Answer 1

• antioxidant (ACE)
• helps produce mucus
• helps us see in dim light
• helps children grow

excess
- toxic
- damage development for unborn baby

deficiency
- children dont go properly
- night blindness

eg.
Carrot
Orange
Apricot
Tomato

Question 2

Vitamin D

Answer 2

• helps absorb calcium
• helps calcium get deposited into bones and teeth

excess
- more calcium = damage kidneys

deficiency
- rickets (children)
- osteomalcia (adults)

eg.
Sunlight
Oily fish
MIlk
Eggs

Question 3

Vitamin E

Answer 3

• antioxidant

excess and deficiency
- rare

eg
Broccoli
Liver
Avocado
Coconut
Kale

Question 4

Vitamin K

Answer 4

• clot blood
• prevent loss of blood

excess
- none

deficiency
- loss blood during birth

eg.
Cabbage
Avocado
Liver
Melon
Green tea

Question 5

Vitamin B1

Answer 5

• helps energy be released from carbohydrates

excess
- none

deficiency
- beri-beri
- memory and concentration loss

eg
Liver
Eggs
Milk
Orange
Nuts

Question 6

Vitamin B2

Answer 6

• energy released from carbohydrates, fats and protein

excess
- none

deficiency
- may lead to sore corners in the mouth

eg
Eggs
Milk
Rice

Question 7

Vitamin B3

Answer 7

• energy released from foods
• maintain healthy skin

excess
- none

deficiency
- pellegera (diahorrea, dementia)

eg
Beef
Eggs
Milk
Flour
Pork

Question 8

Vitamin B9

Answer 8

• create red blood
• gets help from B12

excess
- harder to notice a deficiency in B12

deficiency
- megaloblastic anaemia

eg
Broccoli
Chickpeas
Orange
Bananas
Kale

Question 9

Vitamin B12

Answer 9

• creates red blood cells
• help from B9

excess
- none

deficiency
- pernicious amaemia

eg
Liver
Fish
Cheese

Question 10

Vitamin C

Answer 10

• antioxidant
• helps absorb iron in the body
• maintain connective tissues

excess
- stomach pain
- diarrhoea

deficiency
- scruvy
- anaemia

eg.
Liver
Milk
Citrus fruits

Question 11

Calcium

Answer 11

• strong bones and teeth
• calcium absorption = egg yolk & sun

excess
- kidney stones

deficiency
- extreme fatigue

eg
Dairy foods
Almonds
Dark green vegetables

Question 12

Iron

Answer 12

• healthy
• iron absorption = Citrus juice & Vitamin C

excess
- organ damage

deficiency
- anemia

eg
Dark green vegetables
Red meat
Offal (heart, kidney, liver & tongue)
Pulses

Question 13

Sodium

Answer 13

• helps the body keep fluids in a normal balance
• sodium absorption = digestive track

excess
- raised blood pressure

deficiency
- confusion

eg
Salt

Question 14

fluoride

Answer 14

• helps prevent tooth decay
• fluoride absorption = stomach and intestines

excess
- discoloration of teeth

deficiency
- dental carries

eg
Meat
Tea leaves
Toothpaste

Question 15

Iodine

Answer 15

• thyroid hormones
• iodide absorption = stomach & duodenum

excess
- hypothyroidism

deficiency
- difficulty breathing

eg
Seaweed
Bread
Fruit
Cod
Eggs

Question 16

phosphorus

Answer 16

• for the growth, maintainence
• repair of all tissues and cells
• phosphorus absorption = small intenstines

excess
- weak bones

deficiency
- stiff joints

eg
Mussels
Lentils
Greek yogurt
Chicken meat