Bio - 6.1, 6.2 Flashcards
nutrient for energy
carbohydrate
how do plants get nutrients
photosynthesis
nutrient - meaning
a substance which is needed for GROWTH, REPAIR and METABOLISM
heterotrophs
- organisms that CANNOT make their own food
- must get energy by CONSUMING other organisms
eg. animals and fungi
autotrophs
- organisms that CAN make their own food
- use sunlight (photosynthesis) or chemical energy
aerobic respiration
- happens inside the mitochondria of cells
photosynthesis makes glucose => aerobic respiration breaks it down using mitochondria to release energy
aerobic respiration formula
glucose + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water + energy
photosynthesis formula - word
carbon dioxide + water —- sunlight & chlorophyll —> glucose + oxygen
use of glucose
- making nectar
- making amino acids
- making chlorophyll
mineral needed by a plant to form chlorophyll
magnesium
making nectar to attract pollinator - glucose
- flowers produce nectar that animals can feed on
- nectar contains different kind of sugar, all made from the glucose that the plant has made by photosynthesis
making amino acid to build protein - glucose
- nitrate ions from soil
- taken in by AT through root hair
- not enough nitrate ions => will not grow tall
glucose combines w nitrate ions => forms a.a => a.a join to make proteins
making chlorophyll - glucose
- energy from glucose is used for the chemical reactions for chlorophyll
- chlorophyll contains magnesium
- not enough Mg => not enough production of chlorophyll => leaves turn yellow => slows photosynthesis
- gains Mg through soil
photosynthesis formula - chemical BALANCED
6CO2 + 6H20 — sunlight & chlorophyll —> C6 H12 O6 + 6O2
structure of leaf
- petiole = stalk
- midrib = middle of leaf
- blade = sides of the leaf
- margin => “outline” of leaf
microscopic - inside of leaf
- waxy cuticle / layer
- upper epidermis
- palisade layer
- spongy layer
- lower epidermis
- vascular bundle
- stoma
- guard cells
waxy layer
- reduce water loss
- hydrophobic coating on most leaves
upper / lower epidermis
- tightly packed cells to prevent water loss
- in very hot or very cold conditions this can be several layers thick
- allows light to pass through for photosynthesis
palisade layer
- tightly packed
- column shaped cells
- can be 1, 2, or 3 layers thick
- contains many chloroplasts
spongy layer
- irregularly shaped
- loosely packed cells
- contains some chloroplasts
- air spaces between cells for gas exchange
vascular bundle
- contains xylem, phloem and bundle sheath cells
xylem - vascular bundle
- flow runs up
- transports WATER up from the roots
phloem - vascular bundle
- flow runs up and down
- transports PRODUCTS OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS (sucrose, amino acids) from leaves
bundle sheath - vascular bundle
- surrounds the xylem and phloem
- allows for specialized photosynthesis pathway (desert plants)
