PD_29/07/20(Manhattan 8 --> SE --> Drill Easy)

Question 1

preach

Answer 1

1. VERB
   When a member of the clergy preaches a sermon, he or she gives a talk on a religious or moral subject during a religious service.
   At High Mass the priest preached a sermon on the devil. [VERB noun]
   The bishop preached to a crowd of several hundred local people. [VERB + to]
   He denounced the decision to invite his fellow archbishop to preach. [VERB]
   [Also V + against/on]
   Synonyms: deliver a sermon, address, exhort, evangelize More Synonyms of preach
2. VERB
   When people preach a belief or a course of action, they try to persuade other people to accept the belief or to take the course of action.
   He tried to preach peace and tolerance to his people. [VERB noun]
   Health experts are now preaching that even a little exercise is far better than none at all. [VERB that]
   For many years I have preached against war. [V + against/about]
3. VERB
   If someone gives you advice in a very serious, boring way, you can say that they are preaching at you.
   [disapproval]
   ‘Don’t preach at me,’ he shouted. [VERB + at]

Question 2

breach

Answer 2

1. VERB
   If you breach an agreement, a law, or a promise, you break it.
   The newspaper breached the code of conduct on privacy. [VERB noun]
   The film breached the criminal libel laws. [VERB noun]
   Synonyms: break, violate, go against, flout

Question 3

forestall

Answer 3

VERB
If you forestall someone, you realize what they are likely to do and prevent them from doing it.
O’Leary made to open the door, but Bunbury forestalled him by laying a hand on his arm. [VERB noun]
Large numbers of police were in the square to forestall any demonstrations. [VERB noun]
Synonyms: prevent, stop, frustrate, anticipate

to prevent something from happening by acting first:
The company executives forestalled criticism by inviting union leaders to meet.

Question 4

tireless

adjective

Answer 4

working energetically and continuously:
Tony is a tireless worker.
The prisoner’s family is conducting a tireless campaign for his release.
The police have been tireless in their search for the child’s killer.

Question 5

aisle

noun [ C ]

Answer 5

a long, narrow space between rows of seats in an aircraft, cinema, or church:
Would you like an aisle seat or would you prefer to be by the window?

Question 6

infuriate

verb [ T ]

Answer 6

to make someone extremely angry:

His sexist attitude infuriates me.

Question 7

irate

adjective

Answer 7

very angry:

We have received some irate phone calls from customers.

Question 8

expatiate

verb [ I ]

Answer 8

to speak or write about something in great detail or for a long time:
She expatiated on/upon her work for the duration of the meal.

Question 9

undergird

verb [ T ] formal

Answer 9

to support something by forming a strong base for it:

These are the four major theories that undergird criminal law.

Question 10

bigoted

adjective

Answer 10

having strong, unreasonable beliefs and disliking other people who have different beliefs or a different way of life:
She’s so bigoted that she refuses to accept anyone who doesn’t think like her.

Question 11

spew

verb [ I or T, + adv/prep ]

Answer 11

to flow or let out in large amounts:
[ I/T ] The volcano spewed (out) a giant cloud of ash, dust, and gases into the air.
The volcano spewed a giant cloud of ash, dust, and gases into the air.
The drains spew (out) millions of gallons of raw sewage into the river.
Paper came spewing from the computer printer.

Question 12

abrogate
verb [ T ] formal

arrogate

Answer 12

to end a law, agreement, or custom formally:
The treaty was abrogated in 1929.

to avoid something that you should do:
Companies are really abrogating responsibility for safety.
He seemed to abrogate his duty to withold law and order.

VERB
If someone arrogates to themselves something such as a responsibility or privilege, they claim or take it even though they have no right to do so.
[formal, disapproval]
The assembly arrogated to itself the right to make changes. [VERB + to]
He arrogated the privilege to himself alone. [VERB noun + to]
Synonyms: seize, demand, assume, appropriate

Question 13

abnegate

verb [ T ]

Answer 13

to not allow yourself to have something, especially something you like or want

to not accept something, or to say that you do not have something:

renounce/reject

Question 14

profess

Answer 14

1. VERB
   If you profess to do or have something, you claim that you do it or have it, often when you do not.
   [formal]
   She professed to hate her nickname. [VERB to-infinitive]
   Why do organisations profess that they care? [VERB that]
   ‘I don’t know,’ Pollard replied, professing innocence. [VERB noun]
   …the Republicans’ professed support for traditional family values. [VERB-ed]
   Synonyms: claim, allege, pretend, fake
2. VERB
   If you profess a feeling, opinion, or belief, you express it.
   [formal]
   He professed to be content with the arrangement. [VERB to-infinitive]
   Bacher professed himself pleased with the Indian tour. [V pron-refl adj]
   …a right to profess their faith in Islam. [VERB noun]
   Synonyms: state, admit, announce, maintain

Question 15

manifesto

noun [ C ]

Answer 15

a written statement of the beliefs, aims, and policies of an organization, especially a political party:
In their election manifesto, the Liberal Democrats proposed increasing taxes to pay for improvements in education.

Question 16

stimulus

Answer 16

VARIABLE NOUN
A stimulus is something that encourages activity in people or things.
Interest rates could fall soon and be a stimulus to the U.S. economy.
We adapt ourselves to our environment and to external stimuli.
Synonyms: incentive, spur, encouragement, impetus

Question 17

pun

Answer 17

1. COUNTABLE NOUN
   A pun is a clever and amusing use of a word or phrase with two meanings, or of words with the same sound but different meanings. For example, if someone says ‘The peasants are revolting’, this is a pun because it can be interpreted as meaning either that the peasants are fighting against authority, or that they are disgusting.
   Synonyms: play on words, quip, double entendre, witticism

Question 18

allusion

Answer 18

VARIABLE NOUN
An allusion is an indirect reference to someone or something.
The title is perhaps an allusion to the author’s childhood. [+ to]
Synonyms: reference, mention, suggestion, hint

an expression designed to call something to mind without mentioning it explicitly; an indirect or passing reference.
“an allusion to Shakespeare”

Question 19

calamitous

adjective

Answer 19

causing great damage or suffering:
The bank went bust, with calamitous consequences for global markets.
a calamitous war

Question 20

illegitimate

Answer 20

1. ADJECTIVE
   A person who is illegitimate was born of parents who were not married to each other.
2. ADJECTIVE
   Illegitimate is used to describe activities and institutions that are not in accordance with the law or with accepted standards of what is right.
   The election was dismissed as illegitimate by the opposition.
   They represented a ruthless and illegitimate regime that could not remain forever.

Question 21

fortify

verb [ T ]

Answer 21

to make something stronger, especially in order to protect it:
a fortified town
They hurriedly fortified the village with barricades of carts.
The argument had fortified her resolve to prove she was right.
He fortified himself with a drink and a sandwich before driving on.
a fruit drink fortified with vitamin C (= with vitamin C added)

Question 22

mortify

verb [ T ]

Answer 22

to make someone very embarrassed:

The thought of the incident still mortified her.

Question 23

subordinate

adjective

Answer 23

having a lower or less important position:
a subordinate role
subordinate status
The individual’s needs are subordinate to those of the group.

Question 24

jibe / gibe

noun

Answer 24

an insulting remark that is intended to make someone look stupid:
Unlike many other politicians, he refuses to indulge in cheap jibes at other people’s expense.

to agree with something else:
Her story just doesn’t jibe with what the other witnesses say.

Question 25

cantankerous

Answer 25

ADJECTIVE [usually ADJECTIVE noun]
Someone who is cantankerous is always finding things to argue or complain about.
[written]
…a cantankerous old man.
Synonyms: bad-tempered, contrary, perverse, irritable

Question 26

spoof

noun [ C ]

Answer 26

a funny and silly piece of writing, music, theatre, etc. that copies the style of an original work:
They did a spoof on/of the Nine O’Clock News.
It was a spoof cowboy film.

Question 27

filch

verb [ T ] informal

Answer 27

to steal something of little value:

Who’s filched my pencils?

Question 28

poach

verb

Answer 28

to cook something such as a fish, or an egg with its shell removed, by putting it in gently boiling water or other liquid:
We had poached eggs for breakfast.
Do you like pears poached in red wine?

to catch and kill animals without permission on someone else’s land:
The farmer claimed that he shot the men because they were poaching on his land.

to take and use for yourself unfairly or dishonestly something, usually an idea, that belongs to someone else:
Jeff always poaches my ideas, and then pretends that they’re his own.

[ T ] disapproving
to persuade someone who works for someone else to come and work for you:
They were furious when one of their best managers was poached by another company.

Question 29

swathe

Answer 29

a long strip or large area especially of land:
Huge swathes of rainforest are being cleared for farming and mining.

[ S ] literary
a large part of something that includes several different things:
These people represent a broad/wide swathe of public opinion.

Question 30

commemoration

noun [ C or U ]

Answer 30

something that is done to remember officially and give respect to a great person or event:
A set of stamps has been commissioned in commemoration of Independence Day.
Thousands of veterans will take part in a commemoration of the battle.

Question 31

infiltrate

Answer 31

1. VERB
   If people infiltrate a place or organization, or infiltrate into it, they enter it secretly in order to spy on it or influence it.
   Activists had infiltrated the student movement. [VERB noun]
   The street protests had been infiltrated by people bent on violence. [VERB noun]
   A reporter tried to infiltrate into the prison. [VERB + into]
   Synonyms: penetrate, pervade, permeate, creep in

Question 32

insinuation

noun [ C or U ]

Answer 32

the action of suggesting, without being direct, that something unpleasant is true:
[ + that ] We resent these insinuations that we are not capable of leading the company forward.
I reject the insinuation behind your question.

Question 33

innuendo

noun [ C or U ]

Answer 33

(the making of) a remark or remarks that suggest something sexual or something unpleasant but do not refer to it directly:
There’s always an element of sexual innuendo in our conversations.

Question 34

banter

noun [ U ]

Answer 34

conversation that is funny and not serious:

He considered himself a master of witty banter.

Question 35

latent

adjective

Answer 35

present but needing particular conditions to become active, obvious, or completely developed:
Recent developments in the area have brought latent ethnic tension out into the open.
We’re trying to bring out the latent artistic talents that many people possess without realizing it.

Question 36

seething
adjective [ before noun ]

seering

Answer 36

extremely angry but unable or unwilling to express it clearly:
A feeling of seething resentment led to angry exchanges between the teams.

extreme

Question 37

grave

noun [ C ]

Answer 37

place in the ground where a dead person is buried:
a mass grave
an unmarked grave
a grave digger
He visits his mother’s grave every Sunday.

seriously bad:
a grave situation

Question 38

fray

verb

Answer 38

1. VERB
   If something such as cloth or rope frays, or if something frays it, its threads or fibres start to come apart from each other and spoil its appearance.
   The fabric is very fine or frays easily. [VERB]
   The stitching had begun to fray at the edges. [VERB + at]
   Her washing machine tends to fray edges on intricate designs. [VERB noun]
   …fraying edges in the stair carpet. [VERB-ing]
   He wore frayed jeans and cowboy shirts. [VERB-ed]
   Synonyms: wear thin, wear, rub, fret More Synonyms of fray
2. VERB
   If your nerves or your temper fray, or if something frays them, you become nervous or easily annoyed because of mental strain and anxiety.
   Tempers began to fray as the two teams failed to score. [VERB]
   This kind of living was beginning to fray her nerves. [VERB noun]
   Synonyms: strain, become tense, become stressed, become on edge More Synonyms of fray

frayed GRADED ADJECTIVE
Nerves became severely frayed when air traffic problems delayed the flight.
Synonyms: strained, stressed, tense, edgy More Synonyms of fray
Synonyms: worn, ragged, worn out, tattered More Synonyms of fray
3. SINGULAR NOUN
The fray is an exciting or challenging activity, situation, or argument that you are involved in.
There will have to be a second round of voting when new candidates can enter the fray.
He would be inspiring young people to get into the political fray.
Synonyms: fight, battle, row, conflict