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ARGHA > PD_1/08/20(princeton 1014 --> SE --> Drill 3) > Flashcards

PD_1/08/20(princeton 1014 --> SE --> Drill 3) Flashcards

1
Q

dejected

adjective

A

unhappy, disappointed, or without hope:

She looked a bit dejected when they told her she didn’t get the job.

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2
Q

ace

noun [ C ]

A

a person who is very skilled at something:

a tennis/flying ace

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3
Q

crackerjack

adjective

A

US informal
excellent, of the highest standard:
He has a reputation as a crackerjack operations executive.
a terrific film with a crackerjack cast

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4
Q

unfounded

A

ADJECTIVE
If you describe a rumour, belief, or feeling as unfounded, you mean that it is wrong and is not based on facts or evidence.
…unfounded rumours that a police car had injured a young boy.
The allegations were totally unfounded.
However, these fears proved unfounded.
Synonyms: groundless, false, unjustified, unproven

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5
Q

hysterical

adjective

A

unable to control your feelings or behaviour because you are extremely frightened, angry, excited, etc.:
Calm down, you’re getting hysterical.
The police were accused of hysterical over-reaction.
hysterical laughter (= uncontrolled laughter)

informal
extremely funny:
His last film was hysterical.

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6
Q

frantic

adjective

A

done or arranged in a hurry and a state of excitement or confusion:
Share prices have soared to a new all-time high in a day of frantic trading on the stock
market.
Rescuers were engaged in a frantic all-night effort to reach the survivors before their supply
of air ran out.
almost out of control because of extreme emotion, such as worry:
Where on earth have you been? We’ve been frantic with worry.

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7
Q

fanatic

noun [ C ]

A

a person who is extremely interested in something, to a degree that some people find unreasonable:
a fitness/film fanatic

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8
Q

superficial

adjective

A

If you describe someone as superficial, you disapprove of them because they do not think deeply, and have little understanding of anything serious or important.
[disapproval]
This guy is a superficial yuppie with no intellect whatsoever.
The tone of his book is consistently negative, occasionally arrogant, and often superficial.
Synonyms: shallow, frivolous, empty-headed, empty

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9
Q

supercilious

adjective disapproving

A

behaving as if you are better than other people, and that their opinions, beliefs, or ideas are not important:
He spoke in a haughty, supercilious voice.

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10
Q

cursory

adjective

A

quick and probably not detailed:
a cursory glance/look
a cursory examination

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11
Q

disparage
verb [ T ]

disparate

A

to criticize someone or something in a way that shows you do not respect or value him, her, or it:
The actor’s work for charity has recently been disparaged in the press as an attempt to get publicity.

  1. ADJECTIVE [usually ADJECTIVE noun]
    Disparate things are clearly different from each other in quality or type.
    [formal]
    Scientists are trying to pull together disparate ideas in astronomy.
    The nine republics are immensely disparate in size, culture and wealth.
    Synonyms: different, contrasting, unlike, contrary More Synonyms of disparate
  2. ADJECTIVE [usually ADJECTIVE noun]
    A disparate thing is made up of very different elements.
    [formal]
    …a very disparate nation, with enormous regional differences.
    …their disparate coalition of Southern conservatives and liberals.
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12
Q

splatter

verb [ I or T ]

A

(especially of a thick liquid) to hit and cover a surface with small drops, or to cause this to happen:
The bike was splattered with mud.

VERB
If a thick wet substance splatters on something or is splattered on it, it drops or is thrown over it.
The rain splattered against the french windows. [VERB adverb/preposition]
‘Sorry Edward,’ I said, splattering the cloth with jam. [VERB noun]
…a mud-splattered white shirt. [VERB-ed]
Synonyms: stain, spatter, mark, smear

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13
Q

commend

verb [ T ]

A

to formally praise someone or something:
The judge commended her for/on her bravery.
For a low-budget film, it has much to commend it (= it deserves praise).
It says on the back cover of the book “highly commended”.

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14
Q

extol

verb [ T ] formal

A

to praise something or someone very much:
His book extolling the benefits of vegetarianism sold thousands of copies.
She is forever extolling the virtues of her children.

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15
Q

gingerly

adverb

A

in a way that is careful or cautious:

Holding her painful back, she sat down gingerly on the bench.

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16
Q

timidly

adverb

A

in a shy or nervous way:
“Um, excuse me,” he said timidly.
People peered timidly from their windows to assess the damage.

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17
Q

delicately

adverb

A

carefully, in order to avoid causing physical damage:
Some goods needs to be handled delicately.
The surgeon delicately removed shards of skull before sewing the scalp together again.

very carefully, in order to avoid trouble or offence:
I thought you handled the situation very delicately.
How can I phrase this delicately?

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18
Q

plunge

verb

A

to (cause someone or something to) move or fall suddenly and often a long way forward, down, or into something:
We ran down to the beach and plunged into the sea.
The car went out of control and plunged over the cliff.
Cook the peas by plunging them into boiling water.
Niagara Falls plunges 55.5 metres.

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19
Q

funereal

A

ADJECTIVE [usually ADJECTIVE noun]
A funereal tone, atmosphere, or colour is very sad and serious and would be suitable for a funeral.
He addressed the group in funereal tones.
Synonyms: gloomy, dark, sad, grave

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20
Q

buoyant

adjective

A

able to float:
Cork is light and buoyant.

happy and confident:
After reading the letter he was in a buoyant mood.

  1. ADJECTIVE
    A buoyant economy is a successful one in which there is a lot of trade and economic activity.
    We have a buoyant economy and unemployment is considerably lower than the regional average.
    High interest rates do not point to a buoyant market this year.
    Analysts expect the share price to remain buoyant.
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21
Q

hirsute

adjective literary or humorous

A

having a lot of hair, especially on the face or body

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22
Q

extraneous

adjective

A

not directly connected with or related to something:
extraneous information
These questions are extraneous to the issue being discussed.

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23
Q

omnivorous

adjective

A

enthusiastic and interested in many different areas of a subject:
an omnivorous reader

naturally able to eat both plants and meat:
Pigs are omnivorous animals.

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24
Q

omnipresent

adjective formal

A

present or having an effect everywhere at the same time:

The singer became an omnipresent icon of style and beauty.

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25
Q

odious

adjective formal

A

extremely unpleasant and causing or deserving hate:
an odious crime
an odious little man

26
Q

imperil

verb [ T ] formal

A

to put something or someone at risk or in danger of being harmed or destroyed:
A police raid would imperil the lives of the hostages.

27
Q

be lost on sb

A

If a joke or remark is lost on someone, they do not understand it.

28
Q

nascent

adjective formal

A

only recently formed or started, but likely to grow larger quickly:
a nascent political party
a nascent problem

29
Q

allusive

A

ADJECTIVE
Allusive speech, writing, or art is full of indirect references to people or things.
…Shakespeare’s richly metaphoric and allusive language.

30
Q

oblivious

adjective

A

not conscious of something, especially what is happening around you:
Absorbed in her work, she was totally oblivious of her surroundings.
The mayor seems oblivious to the likely effects of the new legislation.

31
Q

repatriate

A
  1. VERB
    If a country repatriates someone, it sends them back to their home country.
    It was not the policy of the government to repatriate genuine refugees. [VERB noun]
    About 300 French hostages are to be repatriated. [VERB noun]
  2. VERB
    If a company repatriates profits that it has made in another country, it brings them back into its home country.
    Foreign investors are to be allowed to repatriate profits over one billion rupees.
32
Q

parry

noun [ C ]

A

the act of blocking an attack by pushing a weapon away or putting something between your body and a weapon:
The parry is intended to deflect an attack.
The combatants engage in a series of attacks, parries, and counter attacks.

the act of cleverly avoiding a difficult question or some criticism:
Her exchanges consist of only a few lightweight parries.
His income tax records were made public during a 2004 legal parry.

33
Q

overture

A
  1. COUNTABLE NOUN
    An overture is a piece of music, often one that is the introduction to an opera or play.
    The programme opened with the overture to Wagner’s Flying Dutchman. [+ to]
  2. COUNTABLE NOUN [usually plural]
    If you make overtures to someone, you behave in a friendly or romantic way towards them.
    He had lately begun to make clumsy yet endearing overtures of friendship. [+ of]
    If only the West had been more responsive to his peace overtures in the fifties.
34
Q

obfuscate

verb [ T ] formal

A

to make something less clear and harder to understand, especially intentionally:
She was criticized for using arguments that obfuscated the main issue.

35
Q

mystifying

adjective

A

very strange or impossible to explain:
After ten years her mystifying disappearance was still unexplained.
The film tells the strange and mystifying story of a man who claims he can remember nothing of his past.
It’s mystifying to me that people can enjoy watching sport so much.

36
Q

simpatico

A
  1. pleasant or congenial

2. of similar mind or temperament; compatible

37
Q

perjury

A

UNCOUNTABLE NOUN
If someone who is giving evidence in a court of law commits perjury, they lie.
[law]
This witness has committed perjury and no reliance can be placed on her evidence.
…charges of perjury.

the crime of telling lies in court when you have promised to tell the truth:
She was sentenced to two years in jail for committing perjury.

38
Q

mendacious

adjective formal

A

not telling the truth:

Some of these statements are misleading and some are downright mendacious.

39
Q

debilitate

A
  1. VERB
    To debilitate an organization, society, or government means to gradually make it weaker.
    [formal]
    …their efforts to debilitate the political will of the Western alliance. [VERB noun]
  2. VERB [usually passive]
    If you are debilitated by something such as an illness, it causes your body or mind to become gradually weaker.
    [formal]
    Stewart took over yesterday when Russell was debilitated by a stomach virus. [be VERB-ed + by]
40
Q

collateral

noun [ U ]

A

valuable property owned by someone who wants to borrow money, that they agree will become the property of the company or person who lends the money if the debt is not paid back:
She used/put up her house as collateral for a loan.

41
Q

alleviate

verb [ T ] formal

A

to make something bad such as pain or problems less severe:

The drugs did nothing to alleviate her pain/suffering.

42
Q

dysphemism

A
  1. substitution of a derogatory or offensive word or phrase for an innocuous one
  2. the word or phrase so substituted
43
Q

circumlocution

noun [ C or U ] formal

A

(an example of) an indirect way of saying something, especially something unpleasant:
“Economical with the truth” is a circumlocution for “lying”.
Politicians are experts in circumlocution.

44
Q

hyperbole

noun [ U ] formal

A

a way of speaking or writing that makes someone or something sound bigger, better, more, etc. than they are:
The blurb on the back of the book was full of the usual hyperbole - “enthralling”, “fascinating”, and so on.

45
Q

deconstruction

noun [ C or U ]

A

the act of breaking something down into its separate parts in order to understand its meaning, especially when this is different from how it was previously understood:
her complex deconstruction of the Asian stereotype

LITERATURE specialized
detailed examination of a text in order to show there is no fixed meaning but that it can be understood in a different way by each reader :
a critical deconstruction of “The Three Little Pigs”

46
Q

interdisciplinary

adjective

A

involving two or more different subjects or areas of knowledge:
interdisciplinary courses
an interdisciplinary approach to the problem

47
Q

belletrist

A

a writer of belles-lettres

48
Q

nescience

A

the state of not knowing

49
Q

somnolence

noun [ U ] MEDICAL literary or specialized

A

a feeling of wanting to sleep, or the state of almost sleeping:
Patients should be instructed to avoid situations where somnolence may be a problem.
He was facing the window and seemed to be in a state of dreamy somnolence.

50
Q

incognizant

cognizant

A

lacking awareness or consciousness

ADJECTIVE [verb-link ADJECTIVE]
If someone is cognizant of something, they are aware of it or understand it.
[formal]
We are cognizant of the problem. [+ of]
Synonyms: knowledgeable, aware, familiar, informed

51
Q

discernment

noun [ U ] formal approving

A

the ability to judge people and things well:

It’s clear that you are a person of discernment.

52
Q

comestible/edible

A

If something is comestible, it is safe to eat and not poisonous.

53
Q

esculent

adjective formal

A

suitable or safe for eating:

One method for defining vegetables was based on the part of the plant considered most esculent for consumption.

54
Q

aposematic

A

(of the coloration of certain distasteful or poisonous animals) characterized by bright conspicuous markings, which predators recognize and learn to avoid; warning

55
Q

searing

adjective

A

If something, such as a feeling or temperature, is described as searing, it is extreme:
A searing pain shot up her arm.
The race took place in the searing heat.

(especially of a criticism or story) very powerful and emotional or criticizing someone or something very strongly:
The article is a searing attack on government mismanagement.
a searing tale of love and hate

56
Q

decomposition

noun [ U ]

A

the action of decaying, or causing something to decay:
The corpse was in an advanced stage of decomposition.
Keeping a landfill damp could speed up the decomposition process.

CHEMISTRY specialized
the action of breaking, or breaking something, into smaller parts:
Laughing gas is produced by the decomposition of ammonium nitrate.
A mixture of hydrogen is obtained from the decomposition of water with carbon and phosphorous.

57
Q

disinter

verb [ T ]

A

to dig up a dead body from the ground

to find and use something that has not been seen or used for a long time

58
Q

espy

verb [ T ] old-fashioned

A

to suddenly or unexpectedly see something, especially something a long distance away:
She suddenly espied someone waving at her from the window.

59
Q

vitiate

verb [ T ] formal

A

to destroy or damage something:

He said that American military power should never again be vitiated by political concerns.

60
Q

exsiccate

A

to dry up; desiccate

ARGHA (46 decks)

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