PD_12/08/20 --> Tc --> 5LB-->41-57

Question 1

emergent

Answer 1

ADJECTIVE [ADJECTIVE noun]
An emergent country, political movement, or social group is one that is becoming powerful or coming into existence.
[written]
…an emergent state.
…an emergent nationalist movement.
Synonyms: developing, coming, beginning, rising

Question 2

civil

adjective

Answer 2

not military or religious, or relating to the ordinary people of a country:
Helicopters are mainly used for military rather than civil use.
After ten years of military dictatorship, the country now has a civil government.
We weren’t married in church, but we had a civil ceremony in a registry office.

polite and formal:
We were civil to each other, but we were both still angry.

Question 3

garland

noun [ C ]

Answer 3

a circle made of flowers and leaves worn around the neck or head as a decoration:
a garland of white roses

Question 4

obloquy

noun [ U ] formal

Answer 4

very strong public criticism or blame:

His controversial essays have brought him much obloquy.

Question 5

deification

noun [ U ]

Answer 5

the action of making someone or something into a god:
The temple was built to celebrate the deification of Julius Caesar.
the pagan deification of the natural world

Question 6

bifurcate

verb [ I ] formal

Answer 6

(of roads, rivers, branches, etc.) to divide into two parts:

A sample of water was taken from the point where the river bifurcates.

Question 7

artefact

Answer 7

COUNTABLE NOUN
An artefact is an ornament, tool, or other object that is made by a human being, especially one that is historically or culturally interesting.
Synonyms: item, thing, article, object

Question 8

pedantry

noun [ U ] disapproving

Answer 8

the quality of being too interested in formal rules and small details that are not important:
There was a hint of pedantry in his elegant style of speaking.
His speech was precise to the point of pedantry.

Question 9

lofty

Answer 9

1. ADJECTIVE [usually ADJECTIVE noun]
   A lofty ideal or ambition is noble, important, and admirable.
   It was a bank that started out with grand ideas and lofty ideals.
   Amid the chaos, he had lofty aims.
   Synonyms: noble, grand, distinguished, superior More Synonyms of lofty
2. ADJECTIVE [usually ADJECTIVE noun]
   A lofty building or room is very high.
   [formal]
   …a light, lofty apartment in the suburbs of Salzburg.
   Victorian houses can seem cold with their lofty ceilings and rambling rooms.
3. ADJECTIVE [usually ADJECTIVE noun]
   If you say that someone behaves in a lofty way, you are critical of them for behaving in a proud and rather unpleasant way, as if they think they are very important.
   [disapproval]
   …the lofty disdain he often expresses for his profession.
   …lofty contempt.
   Synonyms: haughty, lordly, proud, arrogant

Question 10

minutiae

Answer 10

PLURAL NOUN
The minutiae of something such as someone’s job or life are the very small details of it.
[formal]
Much of his early work is concerned with the minutiae of rural life. [+ of]

Question 11

peccadillo

Answer 11

COUNTABLE NOUN [usually plural]
Peccadilloes are small, unimportant sins or faults.
[written]
People are prepared to be tolerant of extra-marital peccadilloes by public figures.
Synonyms: misdeed, slip, error, lapse

Question 12

captive

Answer 12

1. ADJECTIVE
   A captive person or animal is being kept imprisoned or enclosed.
   [literary]
   Her heart had begun to pound inside her chest like a captive animal.
   Synonyms: confined, caged, imprisoned, locked up More Synonyms of captive
   A captive is someone who is captive.
   He described the difficulties of surviving for four months as a captive.

Question 13

captivate

Answer 13

VERB
If you are captivated by someone or something, you find them fascinating and attractive.
I was captivated by her brilliant mind. [be VERB-ed + by]
For 40 years she has captivated the world with her soulful voice. [VERB noun]
Synonyms: charm, attract, fascinate, absorb

Question 14

flamboyant

Answer 14

ADJECTIVE
If you say that someone or something is flamboyant, you mean that they are very noticeable, stylish, and exciting.
Freddie Mercury was a flamboyant star of the British hard rock scene.
…his lightning speed and flamboyant, aggressive style of play.
He wears flamboyant clothes more suited to a rock star than a literary figure.

Question 15

repel

Answer 15

1. VERB
   When an army repels an attack, they successfully fight and drive back soldiers from another army who have attacked them.
   [formal]
   They have fifty thousand troops along the border ready to repel any attack. [VERB noun]
2. VERB
   When a magnetic pole repels another magnetic pole, it gives out a force that pushes the other pole away. You can also say that two magnetic poles repel each other or that they repel.
   [technical]
   Like poles repel, unlike poles attract. [VERB]
   As these electrons are negatively charged they will attempt to repel each other. [VERB noun]
3. VERB [no cont]
   If something repels you, you find it horrible and disgusting.
   …a violent excitement that frightened and repelled her. [VERB noun]
   Synonyms: disgust, offend, revolt, sicken

Question 16

lisp

Answer 16

1. COUNTABLE NOUN [usually singular]
   If someone has a lisp, they pronounce the sounds ‘s’ and ‘z’ as if they were ‘th’. For example, they say ‘thing’ instead of ‘ sing’.
   He has a slight lisp.

Question 17

abashed

Answer 17

ADJECTIVE [usually verb-link ADJECTIVE]
If you are abashed, you feel embarrassed and ashamed.
[written]
He looked abashed, uncomfortable.
Synonyms: embarrassed, confused, humbled, humiliated

Question 18

tepid

Answer 18

1. ADJECTIVE
   Water or another liquid that is tepid is slightly warm.
   She bent her mouth to the tap and drank the tepid water.
   Synonyms: lukewarm, warmish, slightly warm More Synonyms of tepid
2. ADJECTIVE
   If you describe something such as a feeling or reaction as tepid, you mean that it lacks enthusiasm.
   His nomination, while strongly backed by the President, has received tepid support in the Senate.
   Synonyms: unenthusiastic, half-hearted, indifferent, cool

Question 19

deprecating

Answer 19

ADJECTIVE
A deprecating attitude, gesture, or remark shows that you think that something is not very good, especially something associated with yourself.
[written]
Erica made a little deprecating shrug.

Question 20

ironically

adverb

Answer 20

in a way that is interesting, strange, or funny because of being very different from what you would expect:
Ironically, these technological tools that were supposed to liberate us have left us working longer hours than ever.

in a way that suggests you mean the opposite of what you are saying, or are not serious:
The tone of the novel is ironically comic.
She smiled ironically.

Question 21

condemn

Answer 21

1. VERB
   If you condemn something, you say that it is very bad and unacceptable.
   Political leaders united yesterday to condemn the latest wave of violence. [VERB noun]
   Graham was right to condemn his players for lack of ability, attitude and application. [VERB noun + for]
   …a document that condemns sexism as a moral and social evil. [VERB noun + as]
   [Also VERB pronoun-reflexive]
   Synonyms: denounce, damn, criticize, disapprove More Synonyms of condemn
2. VERB [usually passive]
   If someone is condemned to a punishment, they are given this punishment.
   He was condemned to life imprisonment. [be VERB-ed + to]
   …appeals by prisoners condemned to death. [VERB-ed]
   Synonyms: sentence, convict, damn, doom More Synonyms of condemn
3. VERB
   If circumstances condemn you to an unpleasant situation, they make it certain that you will suffer in that way.
   Their lack of qualifications condemned them to a lifetime of boring, usually poorly-paid work. [VERB noun + to]
   He felt condemned to being alone. [V n to n/-ing]
   Mark was condemned to do most of the work. [be VERB-ed to-infinitive]
   [Also VERB noun to-infinitive]
4. VERB
   If authorities condemn a building, they officially decide that it is not safe and must be pulled down or repaired.
   …proceedings to condemn buildings in the area

Question 22

deplorable

Answer 22

ADJECTIVE
If you say that something is deplorable, you think that it is very bad and unacceptable.
[formal]
Many of them live under deplorable conditions.
The Chief Constable said that sexual harassment was deplorable.
Synonyms: terrible [informal], distressing, dreadful, sad

Question 23

remnant

Answer 23

1. COUNTABLE NOUN
   The remnants of something are small parts of it that are left over when the main part has disappeared or been destroyed.
   After twenty-four hours of fighting, the remnants of the force were fleeing.
   Beneath the present church were remnants of Roman flooring. [+ of]
   Synonyms: remainder, remains, trace, fragment More Synonyms of remnant
2. COUNTABLE NOUN
   A remnant is a small piece of cloth that is left over when most of the cloth has been sold. Shops usually sell remnants cheaply.

Question 24

curb

Answer 24

1. VERB
   If you curb something, you control it and keep it within limits.
   …advertisements aimed at curbing the spread of the disease. [VERB noun]
   He called for energy consumption to be curbed. [be VERB-ed]
   Curb is also a noun.
   He called for much stricter curbs on immigration. [+ on]
2. VERB
   If you curb an emotion or your behaviour, you keep it under control.
   He curbed his temper. [VERB noun]
   You must curb your extravagant tastes. [VERB noun]

Question 25

desultory

Answer 25

ADJECTIVE
Something that is desultory is done in an unplanned and disorganized way, and without enthusiasm.
[formal]
The constables made a desultory attempt to keep them away from the barn.
Synonyms: random, vague, irregular, loose

Question 26

credible

Answer 26

ADJECTIVE
Credible means able to be trusted or believed.
Her claims seem credible to many. [+ to]
To maintain a credible threat of intervention, we have to maintain a credible alliance.

Question 27

berserk

Answer 27

ADJECTIVE
Berserk means crazy and out of control.
He tossed back his head in a howl of berserk laughter.
Synonyms: crazy, wild, mad [informal], frantic

Question 28

metastasize

Answer 28

INTRANSITIVE VERB
If cancer cells metastasize, they spread to another part of the body.
[medicine]
A checkup revealed a small tumor on the left lower lobe of his lung, but it had not yet metastasized.
…when diagnosis is delayed until cancer has metastasized to other parts of the body.

Question 29

parlous

Answer 29

ADJECTIVE [usually ADJECTIVE noun]
If something is in a parlous state, it is in a bad or dangerous condition.
[formal]
…the parlous state of our economy.
Synonyms: dangerous, difficult, desperate, risky

Question 30

suicidal

Answer 30

1. ADJECTIVE
   People who are suicidal want to kill themselves.
   I was suicidal and just couldn’t stop crying.
   Her suicidal tendencies continued for several more weeks.
2. ADJECTIVE
   If you describe an action or behaviour as suicidal, you mean that it is very dangerous.
   They realized it would be suicidal to resist in the face of overwhelming military superiority.
   He sent a suicidal pass across his own penalty area.

Question 31

semiotic

Answer 31

relating to semiotics (= the study of signs and symbols):
They deconstruct text and images on the basis of their semiotic meaning beyond the surface text.
Semiotic approaches can help marketers to comprehend how consumers associate qualities with products.

Question 32

ergonomic

adjective

Answer 32

relating to the design of furniture or equipment which makes it comfortable and effective for people who use it:
ergonomic design/features
I use an ergonomic desk chair.

Question 33

vainglorious

Answer 33

ADJECTIVE [ADJECTIVE noun]
If you describe someone as vainglorious, you are critical of them because they are very proud of what they have done and boast a lot about it.
[literary, disapproval]

Question 34

intrepid

Answer 34

ADJECTIVE [usually ADJECTIVE noun]
An intrepid person acts in a brave way.
…an intrepid space traveller.
Synonyms: fearless, brave, daring, bold

Question 35

excoriation

Answer 35

VERB
To excoriate a person or organization means to criticize them severely, usually in public.
[formal]
He proceeded to excoriate me in front of the nurses.

Question 36

incontinence

continence

Answer 36

UNCOUNTABLE NOUN
Incontinence is the inability to prevent urine or faeces coming out of your body.
Incontinence is not just a condition of old age.

noun
the ability to control movements of the bowels and bladder.
“you can improve your continence by strengthening the muscles of the pelvic floor”
self-restraint, especially with regard to sex.
“complete sexual continence is considered an essential feature of the monastic life”

Question 37

pulchritude

Answer 37

NOUN
formal or literary
physical beauty

Question 38

pounces

Answer 38

1. VERB
   If someone pounces on you, they come up towards you suddenly and take hold of you.
   He pounced on the photographer, beat him up and smashed his camera. [VERB + on/upon]
   Fraud squad officers had bugged the phone and were ready to pounce. [VERB]
2. VERB
   If someone pounces on something such as a mistake, they quickly draw attention to it, usually in order to gain an advantage for themselves or to prove that they are right.
   The Democrats were ready to pounce on any Republican failings or mistakes. [VERB + on/upon]
   ‘That’s much too subtle, even for Sam.’—’Even for Sam!’ He pounced on the phrase with a sound of triumph. [VERB on/upon noun]
   [Also VERB]
3. VERB
   When an animal or bird pounces on something, it jumps on it and holds it, in order to kill it.
   …like a tiger pouncing on its prey. [VERB + on/upon]
   Before I could get the pigeon the cat pounced. [VERB]
   Synonyms: attack, strike, jump, leap

Question 39

inundate

Answer 39

1. VERB
   If you say that you are inundated with things such as letters, demands, or requests, you are emphasizing that you receive so many of them that you cannot deal with them all.
   [emphasis]
   Her office was inundated with requests for tickets. [be VERB-ed + with]
   They have inundated me with fan letters. [VERB noun + with]
   [Also VERB noun]
   Synonyms: overwhelm, flood, swamp, engulf More Synonyms of inundate
2. VERB [usually passive]
   If an area of land is inundated, it becomes covered with water.
   Their neighborhood is being inundated by the rising waters of the Colorado River. [be VERB-ed]
   Synonyms: flood, engulf, submerge, drown

Question 40

byzantine

Answer 40

1. ADJECTIVE [ADJECTIVE noun]
   Byzantine means related to or connected with the Byzantine Empire.
   …Byzantine civilisation.
   There are also several well-preserved Byzantine frescoes.
2. ADJECTIVE [usually ADJECTIVE noun]
   If you describe a system or process as byzantine, you are criticizing it because it seems complicated or secretive.
   [disapproval]
   …a byzantine system of rules and trading arrangements.

Question 41

altar

Answer 41

1. COUNTABLE NOUN
   An altar is a holy table in a church or temple.
   …the high altar at Chichester Cathedral.
2. See be sacrificed on the altar of something

Question 42

brusque

Answer 42

ADJECTIVE
If you describe a person or their behaviour as brusque, you mean that they deal with things, or say things, quickly and shortly, so that they seem to be rude.
The doctors are brusque and busy.
They received a characteristically brusque reply from him.
Synonyms: curt, short, sharp, blunt More Synonyms of brusque
brusquely ADVERB [ADVERB with verb]
‘It’s only a sprain,’ Paula said brusquely.

Question 43

ensue

Answer 43

VERB [no cont]
If something ensues, it happens immediately after another event, usually as a result of it.
If the Europeans did not reduce subsidies, a trade war would ensue. [VERB]
A brief but embarrassing silence ensued. [VERB]
Synonyms: follow, result, develop, succeed

Question 44

informed

Answer 44

1. ADJECTIVE
   Someone who is informed knows about a subject or what is happening in the world.
   Informed people know the company is shaky.
   …the importance of keeping the public properly informed.
   Synonyms: knowledgeable, up to date, enlightened, learned More Synonyms of informed
2. See also well-informed
3. ADJECTIVE [ADJECTIVE noun]
   When journalists talk about informed sources, they mean people who are likely to give correct information because of their private or special knowledge.
   According to informed sources, those taken into custody include at least one major-general.
4. ADJECTIVE [ADJECTIVE noun]
   An informed guess or decision is one that is likely to be good, because it is based on definite knowledge or information.
   An informed guess at his personal wealth was $1.25 billion.

Question 45

foresee

Answer 45

VERB
If you foresee something, you expect and believe that it will happen.
He did not foresee any problems. [VERB noun]
…a dangerous situation which could have been foreseen. [VERB noun]
He could never have foreseen that one day his books would sell in millions. [VERB that]
[Also VERB wh]
Synonyms: predict, forecast, anticipate, envisage

Question 46

oppressive

Answer 46

1. ADJECTIVE
   If you describe a society, its laws, or customs as oppressive, you think they treat people cruelly and unfairly.
   The new laws will be just as oppressive as those they replace.
   …refugees from the oppressive regime.
   Synonyms: tyrannical, severe, harsh, heavy More Synonyms of oppressive
2. ADJECTIVE
   If you describe the weather or the atmosphere in a room as oppressive, you mean that it is unpleasantly hot and damp.
   The oppressive afternoon heat had quite tired him out.
   The little room was windowless and oppressive.
   Synonyms: stifling, close, heavy, sticky More Synonyms of oppressive
3. ADJECTIVE [usually ADJECTIVE noun]
   An oppressive situation makes you feel depressed and uncomfortable.

Question 47

sang-froid

Answer 47

UNCOUNTABLE NOUN
A person’s sang-froid is their ability to remain calm in a dangerous or difficult situation.
[formal]
He behaves throughout with a certain sang-froid.
Synonyms: composure, poise, coolness, aplomb

Question 48

dissipation

Answer 48

UNCOUNTABLE NOUN
If someone leads a dissipated life, you can also say that they lead a life of dissipation.
[literary]
Her face was a revelation of age and dissipation.
Synonyms: debauchery, excess, indulgence, abandonment

Question 49

For all

Answer 49

Despite