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Term 4 > PCM 2 Unit 1 > Flashcards

PCM 2 Unit 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Regulations encoutntered in Acute and Post-Acute Care Setting

What are some fall risk a patient may have?

A
  • Prior level of function, prior falls
  • Cognition, behavior, CLOF
  • Polypharmacy
  • Bowel and Bladder function
  • Diagnosis associated with falls
  • Vision
  • Lines and equipment
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2
Q

Regulations encoutntered in Acute and Post-Acute Care Setting

What are some things us PT can be cautious of to assist patients to prevent falls?

A
  • Alarm systems
  • Proper footwear
  • Medications
  • Toileting schedule
  • Good lightling
  • Mobilization
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3
Q

Regulations encoutntered in Acute and Post-Acute Care Setting

How are Restraints defined?

A

Any manual method, physical or mechanical device, material or equipment that immobilizes or reduces ability of a patient to move his or hers arms, legs, body, or head freely; a drug or medication when it is used as a restriction to manage the patient’s behavior or restrict the patients freedom of movement and it is not the standard treatment or dosage for the patients condition

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4
Q

Regulations encoutntered in Acute and Post-Acute Care Setting

When is it indicated to use restraints on a patient?

A
  • Patient who poses a risk to themselves or others
  • Patient that requires it in order to provide treatment (surgical)
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5
Q

Regulations encoutntered in Acute and Post-Acute Care Setting

What are the requirements need in order to restrain a patient?

A
  • MD that must be updated every 24 hours
  • Depending on the type of restraints and facility policy -> Patient must be monitored continuously, hourly, every 4 to 6 hours
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6
Q

Regulations encoutntered in Acute and Post-Acute Care Setting

What are different types of restraints?

A
  • Wrist restraints
  • Ankle restraints
  • Mitt restraints
  • Vest restraints
  • Bed rails (all 4)
  • Wheelchair seatbelts
  • Medications
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7
Q

Regulations encoutntered in Acute and Post-Acute Care Setting

What are some risk associated with the use of Restraints?

A
  • Strangulation/Asphyxiation
  • Mobility limitations
    –Pressure ulcer formation
    –Urinary incontinence
    –Constipation
    –Pneumonia
    –Deconditioning
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8
Q

Regulations encoutntered in Acute and Post-Acute Care Setting

Should the use of restraints be a first resort or last resort option for a patient?

A

Use of restraints should be a last-resort option after all alternatives have been explored

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9
Q

Regulations encoutntered in Acute and Post-Acute Care Setting

What are some Alternatives that can be used instead of restraints?

A
  • Schedule toileting
  • Food and fluids
  • Sleep
  • Walking
  • Diversions (reading/activites)
  • The recriutment of familty memebers
  • Alarms (bed and w/c) to alert staff when a patient has moved from a bed or chair unassisted
  • Adequate pain management
  • Sitters (alternative methods of camouflaging or securing medical devices, lines, or wires)
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10
Q

Regulations encoutntered in Acute and Post-Acute Care Setting

What are the General Guidelines for Restraint use?

A
  • Use Slip knots instead of square knots
  • Secure to stable / Removeable objects
  • Avoid attaching it to where the patient is lying or sitting
  • Avoid attaching to where the patient can easily remove it
  • Make sure its secutre but not tight (2 finger test)
  • Relace after therapy session
  • Take into consideration the effects of a chemical restraint on treatment session
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11
Q

Regulations encoutntered in Acute and Post-Acute Care Setting

Why are Hospital Emergency Codes important?

A

Facilities use codes to convey crucial information quickly with mininum misunderstanding by staff while avoiding panic and stress to the patients and those who are visiting the hospital

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12
Q

Regulations encoutntered in Acute and Post-Acute Care Setting

What is Code Red?

A

Fire

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13
Q

Regulations encoutntered in Acute and Post-Acute Care Setting

What is Code Blue?

A

Adult heart or respiratory emergency

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14
Q

Regulations encoutntered in Acute and Post-Acute Care Setting

What is Code Orange?

A

Hazardous material spill or release

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15
Q

Regulations encoutntered in Acute and Post-Acute Care Setting

What is Code Yellow?

A

Bomb threat

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16
Q

Regulations encoutntered in Acute and Post-Acute Care Setting

What is Code Grey?

A

Combative person

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17
Q

Regulations encoutntered in Acute and Post-Acute Care Setting

What is Code Silver?

A

Person with a weapon/Hostage situation/Active Shooter situation

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18
Q

Regulations encoutntered in Acute and Post-Acute Care Setting

What is Code White?

A

Pediatric medical emergency

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19
Q

Regulations encoutntered in Acute and Post-Acute Care Setting

What is Code Purple?

A

Child abduction

20
Q

Regulations encoutntered in Acute and Post-Acute Care Setting

What is Code Pink?

A

Infant abduction

21
Q

Regulations encoutntered in Acute and Post-Acute Care Setting

What is Code Green?

A

Missing High-Risk Patient

22
Q

Regulations encoutntered in Acute and Post-Acute Care Setting

What is Code External Triage?

A

External Distaster

23
Q

Regulations encoutntered in Acute and Post-Acute Care Setting

What is Code Internal Triage?

A

Internal Emergency

24
Q

Regulations encoutntered in Acute and Post-Acute Care Setting

What is Code Code Clear?

A

To clear a code

25
Q

Regulations encoutntered in Acute and Post-Acute Care Setting

What is HIPAA?

A

Health Insurance Portibility and Accountability Act

  • A federal law enacted to protect health care-related information
26
Q

Regulations encoutntered in Acute and Post-Acute Care Setting

What is the HIPAA privacy rule?

A
  • Protects all “individually identifiable health information” aka “protected health information (PHI)” of any kind (oral, papter, electric)
  • Allows patients to access their health records and control use of it by other professions
  • Sets standards for the maintaining and transmitting the PHI
27
Q

Regulations encoutntered in Acute and Post-Acute Care Setting

With HIPAA, what are individually identifiable information?

A
  • Data that relates to patients physical and mental health
  • Health care provided to the patient
  • Payment for healthcare services
  • Common identifiers:
    –Name
    –Address
    –DOB
    –Social security number
28
Q

Regulations encoutntered in Acute and Post-Acute Care Setting

With HIPPA, what are Violations of the Privacy rule?

A
  • Providing PHI to other health care professionals that are not involved with the patients care
  • Accessing a patients record taht you are not treating
  • Not being compliant with a patients request for their medical record within 30 days
29
Q

Communication

What are the Foundations of Communication?

A
  • Building rapport
  • Active Listening
  • Empowerment
  • Empathy
30
Q

Communication

What is Verbal Communication? How can it be presented to the listener or patient? How is raport built?

A

Verbal communication should be represented in a language that the listener understands
- Brief and concise
- Your tone, volume, and inflection of your voice can detract or add to the message
–Can stimulate or calm a patient based on your voice and behavior

Build rapport by showing:
–Active listening
–Empowerment
–Empathy

31
Q

Communication

What is Attentive/Active Listening?

A

This is essential for effective communication
- You evaluate the patients tone of voice
- Observe non-verbal cues
- Listen for the main theme of the message then reflect that information back to the patient/colleague
- Focus on the content of the message instead of the way its being communicated
- Clarify the message to ensure understanding

Miscommunication can attribute to medical errors

32
Q

Communication

What is Empowerment? What are the General Principles?

A

The ability to engage your patient as an active participant in their care

33
Q

Communication

What is Empathy?

A

The ability to understand and share the feelings of others
- This greatly strengthens the relationship
- This is displayed verbally and non-verbally

34
Q

Communication

How is Non-verbal communication demonstrated?

A

Through facial expression, posture, gestures, body movements and changes in body responses
This is demonstrated through therapeutic touch

This makes up the majority of human connection

35
Q

Communication

With Written Communication, what should be included in documentation?

A
  • The patients primary and treatment Dx
  • Physician’s orders
  • The patient barriers to treatment and their resolution
  • The patient’s consent to treatment
  • The POC, which includes goals, interventions
  • Proposed frequency and duration, and discharge
  • Short-term and Long-term goals
  • Risk or benefit of treatment
36
Q

Communication

With Written Communication, how can you enhace patient education?

A
  • Brief, concise, and specific use of language that is understood by the patient
  • Diagrams, drawings, photographs or videos can enhance communication of concepts
  • Pay attention to the patients and their caregivers non-verbal communication as an indicator for how the information is being received

Typed or printed instructions are easier to read

37
Q

What can poor communication in the Acute Care Setting lead to?

A
  • Patient harm
  • Increased LOS
  • Poor resource use
  • More intense caregiver dissatisfaction
  • Rapid turnover
38
Q

Communication Problems tend to be classified into four categories, what are they?

A
  • Late delivery of communication thus not being effective
  • Not communicating with all the relevant individuals on the team
  • Content not consistently complete or accurate
  • Communications whose purpose were not achieved, thus leaving issues unresolved
39
Q

What is SBAR?

A

This stands for:
Situation: what is going on with the patient?
Background: What is the clinical background or contex?
Assessment: What do I think the problem is?
Recommendation: What do I think needs to be done for the patient?

40
Q

How can SBAR be effective for Communication?

A
  • SBAR provides a standardized means for communicating in patient care situations
  • SBAR provides a common and predictable structure for communication, can be used in any clinical domain, and has been applied in obstetrics, rapid response teams, ambulatory care, ICUs and other teams
  • SBAR also present guidelines for organizing relevant information when preparing to contact another team member, as well as the framework for presenting the information, appropriate assessment, and recommendations
41
Q

What is Cultural Competence in Health Care?

A

This refers to meeting the needs of people from distinctive ethic and racial groups as well as those with disabilities, diverse socioeconomic status, and LGBT communities
- This can:
–Improve patient outcomes
–Decrease health disparties
–Secondary benefits are improved patient satisfaction, increased adherence to medical advice

42
Q

What are the 3 dimensions of Cultural Competence?

A
  • Self awareness and reflection:
    –Biases, prejudices and values
  • Respectful communication
    –Lern about cultural norms and traditions of diferent ethnic and religious groups
  • Collaborative partnerships
    –Mutural respect, expectations and acceptance of plans
43
Q

What is the LEARN model for culturally effective commuication?

A

Listen
Elicit
Assess
Recommend
Negotiate

44
Q

What are barriers to delivering culturally competent care?

A
  • Inadequate knowledge
  • Decreased self-awareness
  • Impaired organizatinal systems and structure
  • Limited resources
45
Q

What are the solutions to reducing barriers of culturally competent care?

A
  • Recognizing differences between yourself and your patients
  • Language accessibility
  • Building diverse representative teams
  • Educate the organization and community
46
Q

What are some resoures to promote cultural competence?

A
  • Expand patient education literacy materials
  • Cultural competence training
  • Interpreters
  • Diversify staffing

Term 4 (14 decks)

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