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pathophys > Pathophysiology II Exam Questions > Flashcards

Pathophysiology II Exam Questions Flashcards

1
Q 
1. Which of the following causes vitamin B12 deficiency?
Select one:
a. pregnancy
b. antiepileptic drugs
c. veganism
d. hemolytic anemia
e. jejunal resection
A

c

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2
Q
  1. Which of the following statements is correct?
    Select one or more:
    a. hemorrhage is the major cause of iron deficiency in Hungary
    b. A molecule of transferrin may transport 4 atoms of iron
    c. a unit of blood contains 200-250 mg iron
    d. a man needs to absorb about 1 mg of dietary iron daily
A

c/d

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3
Q 
3. Which of the following is a normochromic, normocytic anemia:
Select one:
a. anemia of chronic renal disease
b. sideroblastic anemia
c. iron deficiency
d. megaloblastic anemia
e. thalassemia
A

a

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4
Q 
4. The most common form of sideroblastic anemia is:
Select one:
a. acquired, alcohol related
b. hereditary, X-linked
c. ereditary, autosomal recessive
d. hereditary, autosomal dominant
e. acquired, lead poisoning
A

a

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5
Q
  1. Aside from the gradual onset signs of anemia, what other clinical presentations do you expect
    to see in aplastic anemia?
    Select one or more:
    a. associated thrombocytopenia, e.g. history of bleeding from the gums
    b. neutropenia, e.g. repeated bacterial infections
    c. purpura
    d. koilonychia, “spoon nails”
A

a/b/c

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6
Q 
6. Folate deficiency may cause:
Select one:
a. peptic ulcer
b. spinal cord damage
c. duodenal athrophy
d. hemolytic anemia
e. neural tube defect
A

e

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7
Q 
7. Microcytic anemia may be caused by:
Select one:
a. acute bleeding
b. αThalassaemia
c. renal disease
d. folate deficiency
e. alcoho
A

b

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8
Q 
8. Select the statement about red blood cells that is incorrect?
Select one:
a. red blood cells contain hemoglobin
b. deoxyhemoglobin carries oxygen
c. mature red blood cells lack nuclei
d. red blood cells lack mitochondria
e. proerythroblast has EPO receptor
A

b

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9
Q 
9. Signs/symptoms of sickle cell anemia may include:
Select one or more:
a. tachycardia
b. dizziness (vertigo)
c. abdominal pain
d. Pallor of conjunctiv
A

b/c/d

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10
Q
  1. Which of the following is not true about sideroblastic anemia?
    Select one:
    a. it may respond to erythropoietin
    b. it may be inherited
    c. it may cause splenomegaly
    d. it may be caused by folate deficiency
    e. it is most frequently caused by myelodysplasi
A

d

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11
Q 
11. The lab reports for a patient with low MCV show high serum ferritin and low TIBC. What is
the most likely cause for this patients anemia?
Select one:
a. hypothyroidis
b. iron deficiency
c. thalassemia
d. hemoglobinopathy
e. anemia secondary to inflammation
A

c

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12
Q 
12. Which are characteristic finding(s) for PNH?
Select one or more:
a. increased expression of CD55/CD59
b. dark urine in the morning
c. Budd-Chiari syndrome
d. positive Ham test
A

b/c/d

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13
Q 
13. Signs/symptoms of porphyrias may include:
Select one or more:
a. abdominal pain
b. dermatitis
c. peripheral neuropathy
d. gallstone
A

a/b/c

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14
Q
  1. Which of the following is not true about autoimmune hemolytic anemia?
    Select one:
    a. it may complicate Bcell chronic lymphocytic leukemia
    b. it may be associated with IgM antibodies in serum
    c. it may be due to drugs
    d. it is associated with pernicious anemia
    e. it is associated with a positive direct antiglobulin test
A

d

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15
Q 
15. Specific signs and symptoms of iron deficiency anemia may include:
Select one or more:
a. intermittent glossitis
b. angular cheilosis
c. Plummer-Vinson syndrome
d. dermatiti
A

a/b/c

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16
Q
  1. Which of the following is not true about sideroblastic anemia?
    Select one:
    a. it may cause splenomegaly
    b. it may be inherited
    c. it is most frequently caused by myelodysplasia
    d. it may be caused by folate deficiency
    e. it may respond to erythropoieti
A

d

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17
Q 
17. Which of the following may not cause folate deficiency?
Select one
a. inflammation
b. pregnancy
c. gluten sensitivity
d. antiepileptic drugs
e. veganism
A

e

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18
Q 
18. Which would you expect to see on a blood smear for beta thalassemia?
Select one or more:
a. Heinz bodies
b. hypochromic microcytic anemia
c. multinucleated neutrophils
d. target cells
A

b/d

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19
Q 
19. Select the following that enhance iron absorption (select all that apply)
Select one or more:
a. calcium
b. citric acid
c. ascorbic acid
d. polyphenols (tea)
A

c

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20
Q
  1. Which statement is true about the reduction of folate?
    Select one:
    a. it is inhibited by methotrexate
    b. it occurs during thymidylate synthesis
    c. it is inhibited by sulphonamide
    d. vegan people are affected more
    e. it needs vitamin B12
A

a/c

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21
Q
  1. Which of the following is true about β-thalassemia?
    Select one or more:
    a. reduced production of β chain due to a point mutation
    b. presence of HbH
    c. increased HbF
    d. the Mentzer index usually is >13
A

a/c

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22
Q 
22. Where in the body is erythropoietin produced?
Select one or more:
a. spleen
b. thyroid
c. liver
d. kidney
A

c/d

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23
Q 
23. What test would you do, besides history, CBC and blood smear, to confirm thalassemia?
Select one:
a. Hb electrophoresis
b. se bilirubin
c. TIBC
d. se ferritin
e. se Fe
A

a

24
Q 
24. Which of the following is not a cause of microcytic anemia?
Select one:
a. pancytopenia
b. lead poisoning
c. thalassemia
d. iron deficiency anemia
e. anemia of chronic disease
A

a

25
Q 
25. Which of the following normally contains >10% of body iron?
Select one:
a. lymphocytes
b. neutrophil granolocytes
c. heart
d. transferrin
e. macrophyges
A

e

26
Q
  1. The primary cause of anemia of chronic renal disease is:
    Select one:
    a. hydremia
    b. blood lost in the urine
    c. deficiency of iron
    d. hemolysis resulting from capillary thrombosis
    e. decreased erythropoietin synthesis
A

e

27
Q 
27. Which one of the following is caused by vitamin B12 deficiency?
Select one or more:
a. vitiligo
b. peripheral neuropathy
c. carcinoma of the stomach
d. macrocytic anemia
A

a/b/c/d

28
Q 
28. Iron is absorbed in the:
Select one:
a. duodenum
b. stomach
c. jejunum
d. ileum
e. colon
A

a

29
Q

29.When red blood cells are removed from the circulation, part of their components are recycled
while others are
disposed. Select the incorrect statement about destruction of red blood cells:
Select one:
a. biliverdin and bilirubin impart color to bile
b. macrophages in the liver and spleen destroy worn out red blood cells
c. iron is stored in RES in the form of ferritin
d. the greenish pigment, biliverdin, is recycled to the bone marrow
e. iron is carried to the bone marrow by a protein called transferrin

A

d

30
Q 
30. Signs/Symptoms of iron deficiency anemia may include all of the following except:
Select one:
a. Dizziness (vertigo)
b. Pallor of conjunctiva
c. Tachypnoe
d. Abdominal pain
e. Tachycardia
A

d

31
Q
  1. Spherocytes in the blood film may occur in:
    Select one:
    a. Iron deficiency anemia
    b. Reticulocytosis
    c. Thalassemia major
    d. Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
    e. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency
A

d

32
Q 
32. Which of the following does not cause iron deficiency anemia?
Select one:
a. Infection
b. Increased requirement
c. Decreased intake
d. Malabsorption
e. Chronic blood loss
A

a

33
Q
  1. Which of the following is true about alpha-thalassemia?
    Select one or more:
    a. Presence of Bart’s Hb
    b. Reduced production of alpha chain due to a point mutation
    c. The Mentzer index usually is >13
    d. Presence of HbH
A

a/d

34
Q 
34. Which are characteristic laboratory finding(s) for IDA?
Select one or more:
a. Increased RDW
b. Decreased sTfR
c. Ovalocytes, elliptocytes, microcytes
d. Decreased MCV, MCH, MCHC
A

a/c/d

35
Q
  1. Aside from the gradual onset signs of anemia, what other clinical presentations do you
    expect to see in aplastic anemia?
    Select one or more:
    a. purpura
    b. koilonychia, “spoon nails”
    c. associated thrombocytopenia, e.g. history of bleeding from the gums
    d. neutropenia, e.g. repeated bacterial infections
A

a/c/d

36
Q
  1. Which of the following is true about α-thalassemia?
    Select one or more:
    a. it is rare except in the Far East
    b. it causes a microcytic hypochromic blood picture
    c. it ameliorates βthalassemia
    d. it may cause haemoglobin H diseas
A

b/d

37
Q
  1. All of the following statements regarding sideroblastic anemias are correct, except:
    Select one:
    a. sideroblastic anemic diseases result from impaired iron utilization and defective Hb
    formation
    b. they may cause splenomegaly
    c. they can be hereditary or acquired
    d. iron stores in the bone marrow are decreased
    e. they can be treated with pyridoxine to stimulate heme-synthesi
A

d

38
Q 
38. Which of the following is a normochromic, normocytic anemia:
Select one:
a. iron deficiency
b. megaloblastic anemia
c. thalassemia
d. anemia of chronic renal disease
e. sideroblastic anemi
A

d

39
Q
  1. It is true about hereditary spherocytosis:
    Select one:
    a. it can be treated by splenectomy
    b. it is due to pyruvate kinase deficiency
    c. it is caused by an inherited defect in hemoglobi
    d. it is more frequent in southern Europe
    e. It is more common in males
A

a

40
Q 
40. Anemia secondary to uremia is characteristically:
Select one:
a. macrocytic
b. microcytic, hypochromic
c. hemolytic
d. megaloblastic
e. normocytic, normochromic
A

e

41
Q
  1. Aplastic anemia is a condition where:
    Select one:
    a. there is deficiency of iron
    b. there is deficiency of vitamin B12
    c. there is deficiency of vitamin B6
    d. the bone marrow does not produce enough blood cells
    e. red blood cells are destroyed very fast in the circulation
A

d

42
Q 
42. What could be the clinical manifestation(s) of PNH?
Select one or more:
a. decreased GFR
b. bone marrow aplasia, pancytopenia
c. normal se haptoglobin
d. iron deficiency
A

b/d

43
Q
  1. Which of these statements is true about the sickle cell trait?
    Select one:
    a. it may cause ankle ulcers
    b. it is associated with stroke
    c. it is associated with stunted growth
    d. the oxygen dissociation curve is shifted to the right (i.e. hemoglobin releases oxygen
    more easily)
    e. it is associated with atrophy of the spleen
A

b/d

44
Q
  1. Which of the following statements is true about βthalassemia trait?
    Select one:
    a. it is associated with a reticulocytosis
    b. it may cause hemoglobin H disease
    c. it is associated with splenomegaly
    d. it is associated with a raised hemoglobin A2 level
    e. it is associated with iron overloa
A

d

45
Q 
45. A 50-year-old patient is suffering from pernicious anemia. Which of the following laboratory
data are most likely on this patient?
Select one:
a. WBC 12.5 G/l; PLT 1250 G/l
b. WBC 6.5 G/l; PLT 80 G/l
c. WBC 4 G/l; PLT 750 G/l
d. WBC 5 G/l; PLT 50 G/l
e. WBC 12.5 G/l; PLT 250 G/l
A

d

46
Q 
46. Which of the following laboratory findings coincide with megaloblastic anemia?
Select one or more:
a. increased LDH
b. increased serum bilirubin
c. increased transferrin
d. increased serum iron
A

a/b

47
Q
  1. Which of the following is associated with pernicious anemia?
    Select one:
    a. thyroid antibodies in serum
    b. systemic lupus erythematosus
    c. ileocecal resection
    d. alcoholism
    e. malabsorption of B12-intrinsic factor complex
A

c/e

48
Q 
48. Hemolytic anemia can be caused by:
Select one or more:
a. thalassemia
b. G6PD deficiency
c. PK deficiency
d. inflammation
A

a/b/c

49
Q
  1. Spherocytes in the blood film may occur in:
    Select one:
    a. thalassemia major
    b. autoimmune hemolytic anemia
    c. glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency
    d. reticulocytosis
    e. iron deficiency anemia
A

b

50
Q 
50. What can cause aplastic anemia?
Select one or more:
a. pregnancy
b. drugs and chemicals
c. viral infection
d. idiopathic
A

b/c/d

51
Q 
51. What is the most important test for iron stores?
Select one:
a. se transferrin
b. bone marrow biopsy
c. se Fe
d. TIBC
e. se ferritin
A

e

52
Q 
52. Iron is absorbed in the:
Select one:
a. jejunum
b. colon
c. stomach
d. duodenum
e. ileum
A

d

53
Q 
53. Folate deficiency may cause:
Select one:
a. duodenal athrophy
b. hemolytic anemia
c. peptic ulcer
d. neural tube defect
e. spinal cord damage
A

d

54
Q 
54. Where is beta thalassemia the most common?
Select one or more:
a. Mediterranean
b. Arabian peninsula
c. West Africa
d. Southeast Asia
A

a/d

55
Q 
55. Where is most of non-heme iron found in the body?
Select one:
a. in red blood cells
b. free in plasma
c. bound to transferrin
d. bound to IF
e. stored in the liver
A

e

pathophys (17 decks)

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