Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

pathophys > energy balance > Flashcards

energy balance Flashcards

1
Q 
1.May play a role in cachexia formation:
Select one:
decreased thyroid function
increased red blood cell production
diabetes mellitus type 2
advanced cancer
acute myocardial infarction
A

d

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q 
2.The postprandial period is characterized by:
Select one:
decreased protein synthesis
glycogen break down
triglyceride-synthesis
endogenous glucose source
lipolysis
A

c

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

3.In starvation, it is true in relation to the dynamics of nutrient loss except :
Select one:
the reduction of stored protein is initially slower than that of stored fat
the reduction of stored protein is accelerated towards the very end of starvation
decreases in stored fat is more rapid compared to that of stored protein
after 8 weeks, the amount of stored fat does not exceed 15% of the starting amount
stored carbohydrate becomes extinct within a few days

A

e

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q 
4.Effect(s) of leptin:
Select one or more:
increases heat emission
increases physical activity
decreases heat generation
decrease hunger sensation
A

a/d

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

5.True statement(s) about obesity types:
Select one or more:
Android type obesity is a risk factor for diabetes mellitus
Hypertrophic type is typically formed in adulthood
In apple type obesity, the ratio of waist to hip circumference is elevated
Apple type obesity is predominantly characteristic to men

A

a/b/c/d

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q 
6.Energy need is increased in:
Select one or more:
ascites
wound healing
apathy
decreased thyroid function
A

b

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

7.the first therapeutic choice if metabolic syndrome is suspected:
Select one or more:
decrease of heart rate
lifestyle changes
decrease of blood pressure with ACE-inhibitors
decrease of blood pressure with diuretics
decrease blood glucose level with insulin

A

b

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q 
8.May cause obesity, except :
Select one or more:
glomerulonephritis
alteration in leptin regulation
decreases in heat generation capability
decreases in energy consumption
excess food intake
A

a/d

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q 
9.Assessment options of obesity, except?
Select one:
Metabolic index
Relative body mass (%)
Measuring waist circumference
Broca-index
Body mass index (BMI
A

a

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q 
10.True statements about hormons participating in the regulation of the caloric cycle except:
Select one or more:
insulin has lipolytic effect
glucagon stimulates gluconeogenesis
cortisol stimulates proteolysis
thyroid hormon inhibits lipolysis
A

a/d

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q 
11.Assessment options of obesity?
Select one or more:
Electromyography
81
Pathophysiology 1 MCQs - Team effort
measuring skin folding thickness
Body mass index (BMI)
Measuring waist circumference
A

b/c/d

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

12.True statement(s) about obesity:
Select one or more:
Android type obesity is a risk factor for diabetes mellitus type I
Hyperplastic type is typically formed in adulthood
Apple type obesity has worse prognosis compared to pear type
Its prevalence increases in the last year in developed countries

A

c/d

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q 
13.If an examined person's BMI is 32.1 kg/m2, his/her classification:
Select one or more:
obesity grade II
pre-obesity
obesity grade I
normal bodyweight
A

c

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q 
14.Diagnostic procedures applied in testing for obesity, except:
Select one:
electromyography
measuring waist circumference
measuring skin folding thickness
Body mass index (BMI) calculation
A

a

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q 
15.May play a role in the catabolic processes characterizing cachexia
Select one:
complement activation
increased glycation
ubiquitin-proteosome system
mitochondrial terminal oxidation
Fatty acid oxidation
A

e

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

16.Correct statements about substrate level regulation of the caloric cycle:
Select one or more:
elevated glucose level inhibits fatty acid synthesis
products of β-oxidation inhibit gluconeogenesis
elevated fatty acid levels enhance glycogenolysis
Elevated fatty acid levels inhibits cellular glucose uptake

A

c/d

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

17.Typical complication of obesity:
Select one or more:
Haemolytic anaemia
82

Hypertension
Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Lung fibrosis

A

b/c

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q 
18.Select one:
1100 kcal/day
2300 kcal/day
2000 kcal/day
1700 kcal/day
1400 kcal/day
A

c

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q 
19.True statement(s) about obesity classification according to BMI:
Select one or more:
25 ≤ BMI ≤29,9 preobesity
35≤ BMI ≤ 39,9 is obesity grade I
BMI ≤18,5 malnutrition
BMI ≥ 40 extreme obesity
A

a/c/d

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q 
20.Obesity is in bidirectional risk relationship with the following disease(s):
Select one or more:
type I diabetes mellitus
ischemic heart disease
malignancies
liver diseases
A

a/b/c/d

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q 
21.The basic metabolic rate is influenced by:
Select one:
none of the statements
hormonal metabolism
age
body surface
all 3 statements are valid
A

a/b/c/d

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

22.Possible mechanism(s) for obesity formation:
Select one or more:
decreases in energy consumption
blood supply alterations of adipose tissue
decreases in heat generation
excess food intake

A

c/d

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q 
23.Marasmus is characterized by:
83
Pathophysiology 1 MCQs - Team effort
Select one or more:
lack of edema formation
simultaneous inflammation
anorexia nervosa and cachexia represent marasmus type diseases in developed countries
significantly decreased albumin level
A

a/c

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q 
24. Daily energy need of a 25 year old, healthy man with 75 kg body weight with average physical activity:
Select one:
1700 kcal/day
2600 kcal/day
2000 kcal/day
2300 kcal/day
3000 kcal/day
A

b

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q 
25.The respective person is overweight if his/her BMI:
Select one or more:
21 kg/m2
27 kg/m2
35 kg/m2
31 kg/m2
24 kg/m2
A

b/c/d

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q 
26.Anorexia nervosa is characterized by:
Select one or more:
highest frequency in adolescence
decreased cortisol level
increased body temperature
tachycardia
A

a

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

27.False statement(s) regarding obesity:
Select one or more:
Android type obesity is a risk factor for diabetes mellitus type I
Apple type obesity has worse prognosis compared to pear type
It belongs to alterations related to civilization
Its prevalence increases in the last year in developed countries
Hyperplastic type is typically formed in childhood

A

a

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q 
28.If an examined person's BMI is 32.1 kg/mz, his/her classification:
Select one or more:
pre-obesity
normal bodyweight
obesity grade I
obesity grade II
A

c

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

29.The caloric cycle is characterized, except:
Select one:
amino acids are metabolized to pyruvate
the mass of stored fat exceeds that of stored protein
triglycerides are hydrolyzed to fatty acids and glycerol
the mass of glycogen stores does not reach the of 1/20 of stored fat
fatty acids can be transformed to glucose

A

e

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q 
30.Conditions associated with increased energy need except:
Select one or more:
pre-obesity
trauma
malignancy
febrile state
A

a

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q 
31.Assessment options of obesity?
Select one or more:
Body mass index (BMI)
Broca-index
Metabolic index
Measuring waist circumference
A

a/b/d

32
Q

32.Mechanism of hypertension formation in obesity:
Select one or more:
Elevated serum triglyceride level
Decreased physical activity
The increased amount of adipose tissue increases peripheral resistance
Enhanced propensity to diabetes mellitus
Increased gravitational strain on the vessel system

A

b/c

33
Q 
33.Typical alteration in metabolic syndrome, except :
plasma lipid level alterations
hyperthyroidism
hypertension
obesity
hyperglycaemia
A

b

34
Q

34.Intensification of the basic metabolic rate can be observed:
in adreanal gland hypofunction
in adapted starvation
85

in inherited metabolic disorder
in autoimmune disease
in hyperthyroidism

A

e

35
Q 
35.Malnutrition can be suspected except :
skin-hair-nail alterations
elevated lymphocyte count
BMI<18.5 kg/m 2
vitamin deficiency
A

b

36
Q

36.The postabsorption stage of the alimentation cycle is characterized by:
in the muscles, glucose uptake is decreased
the brain primarily utilizes fatty acids as energy source
increasing ketone body production in the liver
unchanged glucose utilization in the medulla of the kidneys

A

a/c/d

37
Q 
37.The basic metabolic rate is influenced by:
body surface
all of the above
heart rate
autoimmune disease
A

a

38
Q 
38.What is the dimension of body mass index
Select one
Kg/dm3
kg/l
g/l
kg/m2
m/cm
A

d

39
Q 
39.Characteristic laboratory alterations in malnutrition
Select one
Decreased lymphocyte count
Decreased plasma zinc level
Decreased serum albumin levels
None of mentioned
All mentioned above
A

e

40
Q 
40.True about leptin
Select one or more
It decreased hunger sensation
Small steran frame molecule
86
Pathophysiology 1 MCQs - Team effort
It is synthesized in the liver
Kidney transformation is needed for its activity
It influences hypophysis function
A

a

41
Q 
41.Kwashiorkor is characterized by:
Select one or more:
apathia
decreased serum albumin level
liver steatosis
ascites
A

a/b/c/d

42
Q 
42.During the differentiation process of adipous tissue the ration between the white and brown adipous tissue can be
altered.
Select one:
True
False
A

true

43
Q

43.False statements about obesity:
Select one or more:
May be caused by increased food intake as a consequence of civilization
Obesity formed in older age has worse prognosis
It is more frequent in low income populations
May be caused by decreased physical activity as a consequence of lifestyle changes
Inherited components play important role in its formation

A

b/c

44
Q 
44.During evolutionary selection those individuals stayed longer alive with a better chance who had an inferior
energy storing capacity.
Select one:
True
False
A

false

45
Q 
45.True statements about leptin:
Select one or more:
it is produced by the adipose tissue
it indirectly increases sympathetic activity
it decreases food intake
it inhibits heat generation
A

a/b/c

46
Q

46.Possible mechanism(s) for obesity formation except:
Select one or more:
decreases in heat generation
blood supply alterations of adipose tissue
excess food intake
87

decreases in energy consumption

A

b/d

47
Q 
47.the basic metabolic rate is influenced by
select one
blood pressure
all of the above
body surface
heart rate
autoimmune disease
A

c

48
Q

48.correct statements about keton bodies
select one or more
the smell of exhaled air can indicate their presence during physical examination
neurons are capable to generate acetyl CoA from ketone bodies
their concentration is the highest in postabsorption stage of starvation
the largest keton body user is the liver

A

a/b

49
Q

49.during evolutionary selection those induviduals stayed longer alive with a better chance who had an inferior
energy storing capacity
true
false

A

false

50
Q

50.early, non adapted starvation is characterized by
select one or more
decreased ketone body utilization in the brain
decreased glucose utilization in RBC
gluconeogenesis in the liver and kidney cortex
enhanced glycogenolysis in the liver

A

c

51
Q

51.Correct statements about hormonal level regulation of the caloric cycle:
Select one or more:
insulin inhibits protein synthesis
epinephrine (adrenalin) has a lipolytic effect
insulin has a lipolytic effect
glucagon enhances gluconeogenesis

A

b/d

52
Q

52.Possible mechanism(s) for obesity formation:
Select one or more:
decreases in energy consumption
excess food intake
decreases in heat generation
blood supply alterations of adipose tissue

A

b/c

53
Q

53.Possible mechanism(s) for obesity formation:
Select one or more:
decreases in heat generation
decreases in energy consumption
excess food intake
Blood supply alterations of adipose tissue

A

a/c

54
Q

54.True statements about the leptin gene:
Select one or more:
it is produced in insufficient amounts in obesity
leptin-resistance is presumed in obesity
it affects hypophysis function
it is coded by the ob-gene

A

b/d

55
Q 
55.True statements about hormons participating in the regulation of the caloric cycle:
Select one or more:
glucagon stimulates gluconeogenesis
cortisol stimulates proteolysis
insulin has lipolytic effect
thyroid hormon inhibits lipolysis
A

a/b

56
Q 
56.True statements about hormons participating in the regulation of the caloric cycle:
Select one or more:
insulin has lipolytic effect
thyroid hormon inhibits lipolysis
cortisol stimulates proteolysis
glucagon stimulates gluconeogenesis
A

c/d

57
Q

57.Characteristic of late adapted fasting
Select one or more:
decreased ketone body utilisation in the brain
decreased glucose utilization in the brain
unchanged glucose utilization in erythrocytes
significant glycogenolysis in the liver

A

b/c

58
Q

58.Possible mechanism(s) for obesity formation:
Select one or more:
decreases in energy consumption
excess food intake
decreases in heat generation
blood supply alterations of adipose tissue

A

b/c

59
Q 
59.Select one or more:
insulin has a lipolytic effect
glucagon enhances gluconeogenesis
epinephrine (adrenalin) has a lipolytic effect
insulin inhibits protein synthesis
A

b/c

60
Q

60.The postabsorption stage of the alimentation cycle is characterized by:
Select one or more:
low insulin/glucagon ratio
decreasing fatty acid supply
in the muscles, the energy source tissue is primarily glucose
glycogenolysis

A

a/d

61
Q

61.Select one:
amino acids are metabolized to pyruvate
triglycerides are hydrolyzed to fatty acids and glycerol
the mass of stored fat exceeds that of stored protein
fatty acids can be transformed to glucose
the mass of glycogen stores does not reach the of 1/20 of stored ft

A

a/b

62
Q 
62.Ketosis can be formed as a consequence of:
Select one or more:
vomiting
alcoholism
diabetes mellitus type 2
starvation
A

a/b/d

63
Q 
63.If an examined person's BMI is 32.1 kg / m 2 , his / her classification:
Select one or more:
obesity grade I
obesity grade II
normal bodyweight
pre-obesity
A

a

64
Q

64.Possible mechanism (s) for obesity formation:
Select one or more:
decreases in heat generation
excess food intake
blood supply alterations of adipose tissue

A

b

65
Q 
65.Typical alteration in metabolic syndrome, except :
Select one or more:
hyperthyroidism
obesity
hypertension
plasma lipid level alterations
hyperglycemia
A

a

66
Q

70.The post-absorption stage of the feeding cycle is characterized by:
Select one or more:
unchanged glucose utilization in the medulla of the kidneys
increasing ketone body production in the liver
in the muscles, glucose uptake is reduced
the brain primarily uses fatty acids as energy source

A

a/b/c

67
Q 
71.During the differentiation process of adipous tissue, the ration between the white and the brown adipous
tissue can be altered.
Select one:
True
False
A

true

68
Q 
.72. Typical complication of obesity:
disease of the skeletal system
malignancy
autoimmune disease
gallstone
A

a/b/d

69
Q 
73.The statement about hormones participating in the regulation of the caloric cycle EXCEPT:
insulin has lipolytic effect
cortisol stimulates proteolysis
glucagon stimulates gluconeogenesis
thyroid hormone inhibits lipolysis
A

c

70
Q 
.74 Ketosis can be formed as a consequence of:
vomiting
Starvation
diabetes mellitus type 2
alcoholism
A

a/b/d

71
Q

.75 Characteristic of late adapted fasting
91
Pathophysiology 1 MCQs - Team effort
unchanged glucose utilization in erythrocytes
decreased glucose utilization in the brain
decreased ketone body utilization in the brain
significant glycogenolysis in the liver

A

a/c

72
Q 
76.Conditions associated with increased energy need: Select one or more:
febrile state
malignancy
trauma
pre-obesity
A

a/b/c

73
Q

77.Possible mechanism(s) for obesity formation: Select one or more:
excess food intake
decreases in energy consumption
blood supply alterations of adipose tissue
decreases in heat generation

A

a/d

74
Q 
78.What is the main organ of the regulation of the energetic (caloric) cycle?
Select one:
the kidneys
the brain
the bone tissu
the adipose tissue
the lungs
A

b/d

75
Q

79.The postabsorption stage of the alimentation cycle is characterized by:
Select one or more:
low insulin/glucagon ratio
in the muscles, the energy source tissue is primarily glucose
glycogenolysis
decreasing fatty acid supply

A

a/c

pathophys (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions