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OS Derm > Pathophys-Day 5 Ages I > Flashcards

Pathophys-Day 5 Ages I Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

Ectoderm divides into __ and __

A

Extoderm and neuroectoderm (neural crest and neural tube)

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2
Q

Epidermis is formed from ?

A

ectoderm

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3
Q

5 layers of newly-formed epidermis

A

Strata basale, spinulosum, granulosum, lucidum, corneum

Lucidum is only on hands and disappears other places

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4
Q

Explain how epidermis changes during embryogenesis and later

A

Wk 6 - bilayered w periderm and basal layer

wk 8 - stratification begins - intermediate and basal layers

3rd trimester: terminally diff, filaggrin expressed

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5
Q

Week 8 defects during embryonic epidermal genesis lead to

A

ectodermal dysplasia

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6
Q

Ectodermal dysplasia presentation?

A

Hair, teeth, bone, skin deformities:
Clefting
Ectrodactyly
Sparse hair

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7
Q

Defects in epidermal genesis in the third trimester cause:

A

Ichthyoses

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8
Q

Ichthyoses presentation

A

Hyperlinear palms and soles; inherited, due to filaggrin mutation

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9
Q

Melanocytes originate in the _

A

neural crest

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10
Q

Where all do melanocytes migrate to?

A

Ear
Eye
Skin
Meninges

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11
Q

Describe the three categories of abnormal melanocyte development

A

Origin/migration/survival: patches of no pig
Melanin production: albinism
Melanosome formation/move: pigment dilution

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12
Q

What is piebaldism?

A

Patches of depigmentation (splotchy albinism!) from melanocyte mutation

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13
Q

Waardenberg syndrome?

A

Defective survival of melanocytes leads to patches of depigmentation

contrast to piebaldism>melano mutation

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14
Q

Presentation of Hermansky-Pudlak and Chediak-Higashi?

A

Silver hair from melanosome issues (remember - lysosome storage issues)

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15
Q

What are lines of Blaschko/Blaschkoid vesicles and when are they seen?

A

Migratory lines of melanocytes where mosaics have developed lighter skin

X-linked (lyonization)

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16
Q

Incontinentia pigmenti

A

XLD

Infants with IP are born with streaky, blistering areas. When the areas heal, they turn into rough bumps. Eventually, these bumps go away, but leave behind darkened skin, called hyperpigmentation. After several years, the skin returns to normal. In some adults, there may be areas of lighter colored skin (hypopigmentation).

Ocular, dental, CNS defects

Fatal in utero in males (only 1 X)

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17
Q

Where does dermis develop from

A

ectoderm and mesoderm

18
Q

when is the dermal-epidermal junction fully functional?

A

12 wks

19
Q

WHen is the skin’s barrier function fully developed?

A

3 wks post-partum

20
Q

Important considerations to keep in mind for neonates and different dermal needs

A
  1. SA ratio much higher - fast topical absorb
  2. inc percutaneous absorp
  3. Increased transepi water loss
21
Q

Considerations in the premature kid

A

Thinner stratum corneum
Longer than 3 wks for barrier fxn
Inc TEWL even comp to full-term
Inc infxn risk

22
Q

What is vernix caseosa?

A

Protective membrane used in utero to keep baby’s skin dry made of epithelium, sebaceous secretions, and shed lanugo hair

23
Q

What is cutis marmorata?

A

Reticulated skin appearance when baby is cold; goes away

24
Q

What is lanugo?

A

hairy baby

25
Q

Milia?

A

Little cysts in mouth, goes away

26
Q

What is mongolian spot?

A

Benign flat, congenital grey birthmark with wavy borders and irregular shape

27
Q

What is erythema toxicum neonatorum?

A

Benign, up to 50% babies

28
Q

What are miliaria?

A

Occlusion of eccrine glands when baby is wrapped to tightly and too warm

29
Q

What is seborrheic dermatitis?

A

Cradle cap

30
Q

How can you tell if dermatitis diaperis is from candida?

A

Satellite lesions with redness

31
Q

Gianotti-Crosti

A

rash in response to many different viruses, often EBV

32
Q

HSP?

A

Strep in kids, vasculitis, glomerular nephritis is possible

33
Q

Kawasaki disease

A

prob infectious

Big thing: puffy hands and feet, desquamation, strawberry tongue, potential coronary anyeurism

34
Q

Atopic dermatitis pathogenesis

A

Type I HS
Filaggrin mutations assoc with AD

Barrier dysfunction leads to allergen exposure, immune dysregulation, and environmental interactions

35
Q

Atopic dermatitis presentation

A

=eczema

Pruritis in past 12 months + 3 of:

  1. generally dry skin
  2. allergic rhinitis or asthma
  3. onset before 2
  4. hx of skin crease
  5. visible flexural dermatitis
36
Q

Describe the infantile phase of AD

A

Cheeks, forehead, scalp, extensors

NOT DIAPER AREA

Itchy, ozzy, red

37
Q

Childhood phase of AD

A

FLEXOR surfaces, wrist, ankle, neck

Lichenification

38
Q

What are some features associated with childhood AD?

A

Denny-Morgan pleats: transverse eye lines
Allergic shiners: rubbing eyes
Allergic salute: rub nose w arm - crease
Hyperlinear palms

39
Q

What are some complications of AD?

A

S aureus!
HSV
Molluscum contagiosum (poxvirus)
ADHD

40
Q

Management of AD

A 
Moisturization
Bathing followed by immediate hydration and covering
Avoid heat
Calcineurin inhibitors
Topical steroids

OS Derm (20 decks)

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