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OS Derm > Pathophys-Day 4 Infection > Flashcards

Pathophys-Day 4 Infection Flashcards

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Dermatology Board Prep flashcards
1
Q

What pathogens cause impetigo most commonly?

A

Staph aureus

Strep pyogenes

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2
Q

What types of impegito are there

A

Honeycomb
Bullous

usually on face

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3
Q

What is erysipelas?

A

STrep infection of superficial dermal lymphatics that shows sharply demarcated, raised borders

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4
Q

What is cellulitis?

A

Infection of deeper dermis (contrast to erysipelas) and subq tissue with POORLY demarcated borders, usually streptococcal

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5
Q

Erysipelas vs cellulitis

A

Erysipelas-superficial dermal lymphatics, SHARP borders

Cellulitis-POOR borders, deeper dermis

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6
Q

What is an abscess?

A

Collection of pus in dermis and SubQ tissue

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7
Q

Boils are also called

A

furuncle

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8
Q

How is a furuncle different than folliculitis?

A

Deeper - infxn extends into subq tissue

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9
Q

What is a carbuncle?

A

A super furuncle (multiple ones)

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10
Q

Pathogenesis of staph scalded skin syndrome

A

S aureus exotoxin binds desmoglein-1 and disrupts cell-cell adhesion

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11
Q

Who gets staph scalded skin syndrome?

A

Infants/kids

Also adults with renal failure (low clearance) and immunosuppressed

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12
Q

Scalded SS histology?

A

Granular layer split in epidermis; dermis lacks inflammatory infiltrate

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13
Q

Scalded SS presentation?

A

Diffuse generalized erythema
Mucous membranes uninvolved
Perioral/periocular crusting and radial fissuring

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14
Q

What are the three subtypes of necrotizing fasciitis?

A

I: polymicrobial
II strep
III gas gangrene

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15
Q

How is NF different than cellulitis?

A

Deeper plane of infection

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16
Q

What is the classic characteristic sign of necrotizing fasciitis?

A

Pain out of proportion to the clinical findings - intense tenderness, erythema, warmth, swelling

Skin turns blue/purple

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17
Q

What pathogen most commonly causes TSS?

A

Staph aureus, sometimes GAS

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18
Q

TSS presentation

A

Sunburn-like erythema, sandpaper papules, fever

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19
Q

What is a dermatophyte?

A

A superficial cutaneous infection of a fungus that digests keratin

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20
Q

What are the three divisions of dermatophyte?

A

Trichophyton, microsporum, epidermophyton

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21
Q

the most common dermatophyte

A

t rubrum

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22
Q

What are the consequences of tinea unguium?

A

Nail bed deformation
Hyperkeratosis
discoloration

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23
Q

Ringworm aka

A

tinea corpis and tinea facei

24
Q

Jock itch AKA

A

Tinea cruris

25
Q

What pathogen causes most cases of tinea capitis?

A

T tonsurans

26
Q

Superficial fungal infection histopathology?

A
  • Neutrophils sometimes in stratum corneum
  • Fungal hyphae in stratun corneum/follicles - best seen with PAS STAIN
  • Stain bright red-pink
27
Q

Candidiasis populations

A

women - vulvovaginal

immunosuppressed

28
Q

Tinea versicolor epidemiology and pathogenesis

A

Tropical regions

Altered pigment patches from overgrowth of Malassezia

29
Q

The large herpesviridae includes which viruses?

A

HSV 1 and 2
VZV
EBV
CMV

All produce latent, incurable infxn

30
Q

Which herpes viruses cause skin infection?

A

HSV 1 and 2

31
Q

Pathogenesis of herpes infections (skin)

A

Latent infection in ganglia becomes symptomatic with fever, stress, trauma, cold, sunlight, menstraution, immunosuppression

32
Q

What causes herpes labialis?

A

HSV1

33
Q

What causes herpes genitalis?

A

HSV2

34
Q

HSV initial infection presentation

A

Starts with prodrome of tingling/pain

HSV1: asymptomatic; HSV2: systemic fever/fatigue

35
Q

HSV reactivation presentation

A

HSV1: painful GROUPED VESICLES with ulceration in 4-5 days

HSV2: similar but more mild

36
Q

What is herpetic whitlow?

A

Digital herpes

37
Q

What is eczema herpeticum?

A

HSV superinfection of atopic dermatitis

38
Q

Treatment options for herpes?

A

ACV, ValACV, famciclovir, foscarnet, cidofovir

39
Q

VZV spread

A

direct contact or airborne

40
Q

VZV incubation

A

11-20 days

41
Q

How does shingles appear?

A

Produces a painful prodrome, followed by a dermatomal vesicular eruption

42
Q

What is a buzzword for zoster histopathology?

A

Multinucleated keratinocytes

43
Q

Compare the two VZV vaccines

A

Varivax: good for kids
Zostavax: 60+ years old

44
Q

Who gets molluscum contagiosum and what does it look like?

A

Kids

smooth, dome-shaped, umbilicated papules

45
Q

Molluscum contagiosum histopath

A

intracytoplasmic inclusions within keratinocytes (Henderson– Paterson bodies)

46
Q

HPV virus characteristics

A

unenveloped dsDNA

47
Q

What are the domains of the HPV virus?

A

URR: upstream reg region
Early region: early proteins
Late region: late proteins

48
Q

What are some important proteins in HPV?

A

E6 - degrades p53
E7 - inactivates Rb

Overexpression of E6 and E7 found in malignant tumors

49
Q

What does HPV use to gain entry?

A

L1/L2 proteins

50
Q

Where does HPV replicate?

A

Nucleus

51
Q

Where does HPV migrate?

A

Laterally and migrates up toward suprabasal cell layers, where mature virion continues; particles are shed with desquamation of cornified layer

52
Q

Which herpes causes palmoplantar warts?

A

HPV1

53
Q

Which herpes causes common warts?

A

HPV2,4

54
Q

Which herpes causes flat warts (verrucae plana)

A

HPV 3, 10

55
Q

WHich HSV causes genital warts and which are associated with cervical carcinoma?

A

HPV-6 and 11 cause 90% of genital warts, whereas uncommon variants like HPV-16, 18, 31, and 33 are associated with an increased risk of cervical cancer.

56
Q

Gardasil protects against which herpes?

A

HPV 6, 11, 16, 18

57
Q

Cervarix protects against which herpes?

A

16 and 18

OS Derm (20 decks)

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