Pathology (Roecker Review) Flashcards
What is Dysplasia
Disordered cell Growth (increase CA risk)
What is Metaplasia
Reversible Change from one cell type to another
What is Hypoxia
When tissue is deprived of Oxygen
What is Ischemia
Restriction in blood supply
What is abscess
Collection of pus
What is hypertrophy
Cells become larger
What is Hyperplasia
Cell become more numerous
What is Atrophy
Reduced size of cells/organs
What is a Granuloma
Collection of macrophages from chronic inflammation
What type of necrosis is associated with an infarct
Coagulative
What type of liquefaction is associated with microbes or strokes
Liquefactive
What type of necrosis is associated with ischemia
Gangrenous
What type of necrosis is associated with TB
Caseous
What type of necrosis is associated with a ruptured pancreas
Fat
What type of necrosis is associated with Polyarteritis nodosa and RA
Fibrinoid
What is apoptosis
programmed cell death, non-inflammatory
What is Autophagy
Cell death in responce to a virus or infection; a type of survival mechanism
Non-imflammatory
What does telomere shortening cause
Aging
Is cell injury associated with Fatty accumulation reversable?
Yes
What type of cell injury is secondary to inflammation
Leukocyte-induced tissue injury
what type of calcification is associated with necrotic tissue
Dystrophic
What type of calcification is associated with normal tissue
Metastatic
What is stenosis
Accumulation of fat within hepatocyte
What can stimulate inflammation
Injury
Infection
reaction
What type of lymphcyte is associated with acute inflammattion
Neurophils
What type of lymphocyte is associated with Chronic inflammation
Macrophages/Lymphocytes
What are some common chronic inflammatory conditions
Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) Pneumoconiosis RA Lupus HIV/AIDS
What type of granuloma is associated with Sarcoidosis
Non-Caseous granuloma
What type of accumulation of fluid in tissue is protein poor
Transudate
What type of accumulation of fluid in tissue is protein rich
Exudate
What is accumulation of transudate often associated with
Chronic heart failure
What type of inflammation is associated with a blister
Serous
What type of inflammation is associated with pericarditis (or creation of fibrous tissue)
Fibrinous
What type of inflammation is associated an accumulation of pus
Suppurative
What type of inflammation is associated with diptheria (fake membranes)
Psudomembranous
What are the different types of cell-derived chemical mediators of inflammation
Cytokines
ROS
Histamine
Postaglandines
What are the different types of plasma-protein derived chemical mediators of inflammation
Complement
Kinins
Preteases
What are some systemic effects of inflammation
Fever (hypothalamus)
Cytokines
Leukocytosis
What causes oxidative bursts in responce to microbial infection
White blood cells
What type of neoplasims have oma at the end of of its name
Benign (ex. adenoma, papilloma, teratoma)
What a malignant neoplasms from epithelial tissue
Carcinoma
What is the most common form of skin cancer
Basal cell carcinoma
What is the 2nd most common form of skin cancer
Aquamous cell carcinoma
What is a cancer of a glandular tissue
Adenocarcinoma
What is a malignanat neoplasm of mesenchymal cells (connective tissue)
Sarcoma
What type of sarcoma is associated with intense sun exposure
Melanoma
What type of sarcoma is the most common type of bone cancer
Osteosarcoma
What type of sarcoma is the second most common type of bone cancer
Chondrosarcoma
What type of sarcoma is the third most common type of bone cancer
Ewing sarcoma
What is the most common type of chromosomal disorders
Trisomy 21 (downs)
What disease is common in trisomy 21 patients
Alzheimer disease
What is the common name for Trisomy 18
Edwards syndrome
What is the common name for Trisomy 13
Patau syndome
What conditions are associated with Trisomy 13 (patau syndrome)
Renal dysfunction
Death by age 1
What chromosome is associated with a cat-like cry
Cri du chat syndrome
What type of Chromosome abnormality has more than two X’s and a Y (XXY)
Klinefeler syndrome
What chromosomal abnormality is the most common cause of male sterility
Klinefelter syndrome
What type chromosomal abnormality has a loss of 1 X chromosome, neck webbing, short stature
Turner syndrome
What chromosomal abnormality makes a phenotypically male but looks like a female
Klinefelter syndrome
What chromosomal abnormaliity is associated with a phenotypically female with a male appearance
Turner syndrome
What type of Chromosomal abnormality is passed from Grandfathers to grandsons through daughters
Fragile X syndrome
What condition is associated with a lack of phenylalanine hydroxylase and a mousy odor from urine
Phenylketonuria
What condition is associated with disorded galactose metabolism
Galactosemia
What type of lysosomal disease is associated with an inability to metabolize gangliosides
Tay-Sachs Disease
What type of lysosomal disease is common in ashkenazi jews
Tay-Sachs disease
What type of lysosomal storage disease is associated with sphingomyelinase deficiency and is fatal by age 3
Niemann-pick disease, type A & B
What type of lysosomal storage disease is associated with defective lipid transpostation
Niemann-pick disease type C
What type of lysosomal disease is associated with Glucocerebrosidase gene mutation and causes Osseous distortion
Gaucher Disease
What type of lysosomal storage diseases cause extracellular matrix breakdown of enzymes, course facial features and corneal clousing
Mucopolysaccharidosis
Where does glycogen accumulate in glycogen storage disease
The liver
What disease is associated with copper accumulation in several tissues, may cause liver failure, kayser-Fleischer ring around the iris
Wilsons disease
What are the main perinatal infections
Toxoplasmosis
Rubella virus
Cytomegalovirus
Herpesvirus
What are risks of SIDS
Prone sleeping
soft bedding
Maternal smoking
What is the cause of neonatal respiratoy distress syndrome
Prematurity
Insufficient pulmonary surfactant
what is the cause of necrotizing enterocolitis
Prematuriy
Bowel necrosis
What is the cause of Immune fetal hydrops
maternal-fetal blood incompatibility
What is the cause of nonimmune fetal hydrops
Chromosome abnormalities
What are signs of Cystic fibrosis
Salty kiss
Recurrent lung infections
Hypoxia (nail clubbing)
What condition is associated with Fibrillin gene mutation, slender long arms, hypermobility
Marfan syndrome
What condition is associated with defective collagen synthesis, Hyperextensible skin
Ehlers Danlos syndrome
What pediatric tumor is a benign tumor at the base of the coccyx
Sarcooccygel teratoma
What pediatric tumor is malignant and from neural crest-derived cells
Neuroblastoma
What is a common pediatric eye malignancy caused by a RB gene mutation
Retinoblastoma
What is a common pediatric kidney malignancy. causes Hematuria, abnormal pain
Wilms tumor
What is a benign self-limiting pediatric endothelial tumor. Strawberry hemangioma on the face/scalp
Hemangioma
What is a type I hypersensitivity associated with
Allergens, IgE (remember IgE stung by a BEE)
What is a type II hypersensitivity associated with
Cytotoxic; IgM or IgG antibodies against host cells
What is a Type III hypersensitivity associated with
Autoimmune/hypersensitivity; exposure to antigens cause IgG production
What is a type IV hypersensitivity associated with
T cell mediated; T cells are stimulated by an antigen
possible granuloma formation
What autoimmune disease is associated wih CD4+ T cells that target the MP joints
Rheumatoid arthritis (Type IV)
What type of autoimmune disease is a type III hypersensitivity and associated with malar rash on the face and common amoung females
Lupus
What auto immune disease of joints is associated with sausage digits (pencil-in-cup deformation of the DOP joints
Psoriatic arthritis
What type of auto immune disease is associated with ulcerative solitis or shigellosis
Enteropathic arthritis
What type of auto immune disease is associated with sacroiliac joint inflammation and eventual fusion
Ankylosing spondylitis
What type of auto immune disease is associated with urethritis (chlamydia), conjunctivitis, achilles tendon pain
reactive arthrisis
What conditions are commonly assocaited with HIV/AIDS
Kaposi Sarcoma
Pneumocystis pneumonia
What dietary disease results from reduced total calories,
Causes; stunted growth, loss of muscle and fat mass and a decreased immune response
Marasmus
What dietary deficeiency results from reduced total calories
Causes; Chronic diarrhea, edema from hypoalbuminemia, fatty liver, loss of appetite, dec immunity
Kwashiorkor
What vitamin deficiency causes night blindness, bitot spots, immunosuppression
Vitamin A deficiency
What type of vitamin deficiency causes Osteoporosis, Rickets, osteomalacia
Vitamin D deficiency
What type of vitamin deficiency causes neurodegeneration, myopathy and peripheral neuropathy
Vitamin E deficiency
What vitamin deficiency causes Hemorrhage osteoporosis
Vitamin K deficiency
What vitamin deficiency causes Scurvy
Vitamin C deficiency
What are the different types of Thamin (B1) deficiency
Dry beriberi
Wet beriberi
Acute beriberi
What condition is associated with Alcoholics and vitamin B1 (thamin) deficiency
Korsakoff’s syndrome
What vitamin deficiency is associated with Pellagra
Niacin deficiency
What type of vitamin deficiency is associated with megaloblastic anemia, fatigue, neuropathy
Vitamin B12
What type of vitamin deficiency is associated with megaloplastic anemia, no neuropathy
Folate deficiency
What type of mineral deficiency is associated with tetany, osteoporosis, osteomalacia
Calcium
What type of mineral deficiency is associated with arrhythmia, myopathy, reduced cognition
Potassium
What type of mineral deficiency is associated with microcytic anermia
Iron deficiency
What type of mineral deficiency is associated with goiter and cretinism
Iodine deficiency
What is a xenobiotic
Exogenous chemicals not normally inside a host and is produced by a microbe
What chemical can bind to hemoglobin with more affinity than oxygen. Will cause hypoxia
Carbon monoxide
What is produced by the breakdown of uranium in the ground
radon
What age group is most likely to be affected by lead poisionoing and how do they get exposed
Children, Paint chips
Arsenic in soil is likely to cause what to those exposed to it
Squamous cell carcinoma
What does cadmium poisioning cause
Lung disease
Kidney damage
In large doses what can acetaminophen cause
Liver cell necrosis
In large doses, what can asprin cause
Respiratory alkalosis
What can cause malignant hyperthermia
Unregulated calcium balance
surgical sedation
What condition is associated with Reduced bone mineral density, common in the elderly
Osteoporosis
what condition is caused by osteolysis followed by deposition of disorganized bone (shaggy appearance)
Paget disease
Condition associated with Bowing of femur and tibia in children
Rickets
Condition associated with bowing of femur and tibia in adultes
Osteomalacia
Wha is caused by disruption of vascular supply to bone, bony necrosis in the hip and shoulder
Avascular necrosis
What condition is associated with arrested bone development, bone softening
Fibrous dysplasia
Condition associated with fibrous dysplasia of multiple bones, cafe-au-lait spots
McCune-Albright syndome
Malignant bone cancer in adolescence. Often on the femur and pelvis and has an onion skinning appearance
Ewing sarcoma
What is caused when bone marrow become infected with S.Aureus or TB
Osteomyelitis
What disease has pronounced ankylosis on the anterior segment of vertebral bodies, has a melted candle wax appearance
Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis
What is a benign bone tumor, in the central nidus. Pain at night that is releaved with asprin
Osteroid osteoma
Malignant bone tumor of adolescents, forms a codman triangle in the metaphyseal regionlong bones, common around knee.
Osteosarcoma
Benign large cartilage-capped outgrowth on the metaphysis of bone. Common in males, and around the knee
Osteochondroma
What is the name for the disease where someone has several osteochondromas
Multiple hereditary exostosis
Bening cartilage tumor, almost always in hands
Enchondroma
What is the name of the disease when someone has multiple enchondromas of the hand
Ollier disease
Malignangt cartilage tumor inside medullary cavity of the pelvis or shoulder, common in males. May expand into surrounding tissue
Chondrosarcoma
Fibroblastic growth gene mutation causing shortening of long bones, frontal bossing, bullet vertebra
Achondroplasia
Brittle bone disease due to abnormal Type I collagen, weak bones and joints. Possible hearing loss
osteogenesis imperfecta
Stone bone, due to dysfunctional osteoclast causing marrow to fill. Causes Fractures, Cranial nerve palsies, erlenmeyer flask deformities
Osteopetrosis
Degenerative joint disease due to altered articular cartilage, age related
Osteoarthritis
Abnormal purine metabolism causing uric acid crystals in synovium. Common in hallux
Gout
Calcified tendons, hydroxyapatite deposition into tendons, Idiopathic. Common in rotator cuff muscles
Hydroxyapatitie deposition disease
Phosphate deposition in cartilage often in the knee or wrist. Often called pseudogout
Calcium pyrophosphate deposition
Arthrytis caused by Borrelia burgdoferi (lyme disease)
Lyme arthritis
Name for aggressive skeletal muscle cancer
Rhabdomyosarcoma
malignant smooth muscle tumor
Leiomyosarcoma
Benign smooth muscle tumor
Leiomyoma
Soft tissue calcification of hands
Scleroderma
Cerebral ischemia results in infarction of brain tissue
Stroke
Rupture of saccular aneurysm
Subarachnoid hemorrhage
Auto immune demyelinating disease, multiple white matter plaques in brain and cord. Causes accumulation of neurological defects
Multiple sclerosis
Loss of spinal cord lower motor neurons damage, muscle atrophy, hyperreflexia. Death due to respiratory paralysis
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
aka Lou Gehrigh disease
Most common cause of dementia in elderly, idiopathic. B-amyloid plaque and tau proteins deposition
Alzheimer disease
damage to dopaminergic neurons of substantia nigra. Lewy body inclusion. “pill-rolling tremor”
Parkinson disease
Bilateral vestibular schwannomas, vision and hearing loss
Neurofibromatosis type II
Autosomal dominant, widespread cerebral degeneration of Caudate nucleus. Severe demntia, chorea (jerky movement)
Huntington disease
cysts within the spinal cord
Syringomyelia
Wide spread white matter damage. commonly from a motor vehicle accident
Diffuse axonal injury
Demyelination due to schwann cell or myelin cell damage
Neuropathy
Diffuse neuropathy, stocking-and-glove paresthesia
Polyneuropathy
Most common cause of peripheral neuropathy, leads to foot ulceration and gangrenous necrosis
Diabetic neuropathy
Cutaneous neurofibromas, Cafe au lait spots
neurofibromatosis type 1
Autoantibodies block postsynaptic acetylcholine receptors. Ptosis, diplopia, Thymic hyperplasia
Myasthenia gravis
Autoantibodies inhibi presynaptic calcium channels which reduce acetylcholine into synaptic cleft, muscle weakness which improves with activity
Lambert-eaton syndrome
Chronic idiopathic demyelinization polyneuropathy, ascending paralysis, death once it progresses into respiratory muscles
Guillain-Barre syndrome
Reactive proliferation of schwann cells to trauma on hands and feet
Traumatic neuroma
Dystrophin gene mutation, pelvic girdle weakness. Evedent at age 5, leathal by 20.
Pseudohypertrophy of calf muscles
Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Dystrophin gene mutation, evedent in adolescence, variable prognosis
Becker muscular dystrophy
Plaques cause hardening of arteries, greates impact in large muscular arteries, increase risk of thrombosis
Atherosclerosis
What percent of hypertension cases are “essential hypertension” (idiopathic/ Familial history)
95%
Hole between the left and right venricles, most common heart defect
Ventricular septal defect
Hole between the left and right atria, patent foramen ovale
Atrial septal defect
Most common cause of cyanosis at birth, large VSD, Right ventricle hypertrophy
Tetralogy of fallot
Narrowing of aortic arch, upper extremity hypertension, lower extremity claudication
Coarctation of the aorta
Reversal of the aorta and pulmonary artery cyanosis
Transposition of the great vessels
Heart problem that is the result of dysfunctional systole (contraction), diastole (relaxation) or valve dysfunction. Most common cause of pleural effusion
Congestive heart failure
Concentric enlargment of the left ventricle
Ventricular hypertrophy (pathologic)
eccentric enlargment of the left ventricle
Ventricular hypertrophy (non pathologic/Athletes)
Dilation of all chambers of the heart, can cause heart failure
Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Genetic mutation where the heart muscle is hypercontractile, may cause sudden cardiac death
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Stiff myocardium, caused by nutritional deficiency or helminth infection
Restrictive Cardiomyopathy
Heart attack, death of cardiac myocytes due to ischemia. Left arm pain. Females present with stomach ach
Myocardial infarction
Sharp substernal chest pain, “crushing’ worse with activity. At leastt 70% occlusion of coronary artery
Angina
Type of angina that is becoming more intense and more frequent
Unstable angina
Pericardial sac becomes inflamed
pericarditis
Right side heart failure resulting from pulmonary pathology
Core pulmonale
Vasoconstriction of hands, pallor, cyanosis. Secondary to atherosclerosis
Raynaud phenomenon
Most common vasculitis in elderly, temporal region leading to vision loss headach and fever
Temporal arteritis (giant cell arteritis)
Idiopathic inflammation of small arteries, avoids pulmonary vessels. Fatal if untreated
Poly arteritis nodosa
Most common vasculitis among children, attack coronary arteries. Strawberry tongue
Kawasaki disease
Inflammation of medium-size arteries of hands and feet. strong association with cigarette smoking
Thromboangiitis obliterans
Punched out defect in stomach, commonly caused by NSAIDS and H.pylori infections
Peptic ulcers
2nd most common cause of death, Adenocarcinomas are most common. Often diagnosed in the late stages. Due to a high fat diet that lack fiber.
Colorectal cancer
Out pouching in colon, often in older adults.
Diverticulosis
Inflammation of distal colorectal region, pesudopolyps, bloody stool, relieved by smoking
Ulcerative colitis
inflammation throughout GI tract, Skip lesions, strictures
Crohn disease
No bowel inflammation but there is dysfunction presentt
Irritable bowel syndrome
Gluten-sensitivity, non-infectious, inability to metabolize gliadin, Loss of brush boarder enzyme in SI.
Celiac disease
Idiopathic malabsorption in tropics, diarrhea
Tropical sprue
rice water stool, Lethal dehydration
Cholera
Most common nosocomial infection, intestinal pseudomembranes
Pseudomembranous colitis (clostridium difficile)
Protrusion of stomach through diaphragm
Hiatal hernia
weakness in abdominal wall, allows for GI protrusion
Bowel herniation
Squamous cell metaplasia, chronic GERD, males
Barrett Esophagus
Congenital mega colon, lack of neural ganglia in rectum
Hirschsprung disease
Collapsed lung, Compression, Contraction
Atelectasis
Air accumulaion within the pleural cavity
pneumothorax
What is the common cause of lobar pneumonia
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Streptococcus pneumoniae infection, green sputum, rapid onset
Community-acquired acute pneumonia
Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection of lungs, not typical symptoms of pneumonia
Community-acquired atypical Pneumonia
Permanent destruction of alveolar septa, inflammation, associated with smoking. Barrel chest, “pink puffer”
Emphysema
Bronchial inflammation, obstructive airway disease, productive cough for 3 months in 2 consecutive years
Chronic bronchitis
Combination of Emphysema and chronic bronchitis
COPD
Necrotizing infection of bronchi, tissue destruction, purulent sputum
Bronchiectasis
Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Caseating granuloma development, upper lung fields (cavitation), Pott disease
TB
Multisystemic inflammation, noncaseating granuloma in lungs, common amoung non-smokers, skin lesions
Sarcoidosis
Autoimmune diffuse alveolar hemorrhage syndrome affecting lungs and kidneys
Goodpasture syndrome
Diffuse alveolar capillary and epithelial damage, severe trauma and sepsis, rapid onset
Acute respiratory distress syndrome
Deep vein thrombosis dislodges and stops in pulmonary artery capillaries may be lethal if larg enough
Pulmonary embolism
Increased pulmonary vessel blood pressure, results in vessel destruction or obstruction. Chroming interstitial lung disease
Pulmonary hypertension
Cancer with a strong association with smoking, develop from bronchial epithelial cells
Lung cancer
inspiration of asbestos is strongest risk, lesion of pleural cavity, lethal
Malignant mesothelioma
what causes non cancerous genetal warts
HPV 6, 11
What causes Cancerous genetal warts
HPV 16, 18
Failure for testicles to descend into scrotum
Cryptorchildism
Swollen + twisting of testicles
Testicular torsion
Painless non translucent mass on testicles
Testicular cancer
inflammation of prostate, commonly caused by E.coli
Prostatitis
enlargment of the prostate in the peripheral zone, eaily palpable
Prostate cancer
White plaque and thinning of epidermis of vulva
Lichen sclerosis
Epithelial hyperplasia of vulva
Lichen simplex chronicus
Inflammation, white discharge from vagina (common)
Vaginitis caused by Candida albicans
Inflammation, green discharge from vagina
Vaginitis caused by Trichomonas vaginalis
HPV 16/18 infection of cervix, caused by early intercourse and multiple partners
Carvical cancer
Endometrial inflammation
Endometritis
Endometrial inflammation, often extends endoetrial tissue into cervix and fallopian tubes, but can go throughout body
Endometriosis
Benign uterine fibroids. Very common, menorrhagia
Leiomyoma
Malignancy of uterus, common in postmenopausal women, may metastisize to lungs
leiomyosarcoma
Fallopian tube inflammation
Salpingitis
Firm mass on breast tissue
breast cancer
Hypertension and proteinuria during pregnancy
Preeclampsia
Progression of preeclampsia. Cause seizures
Eclampsia
Increased long bone growth in children due to growth hormone/pituitary adenoma
Gigantism
Increased size of hands and fee, mandible, macroglossia, lethal cardiomegaly in adults due to growth hormone/pituitary adenoma
Acromegaly
Growth hormone deficiency due to a loss of the pituitary gland
Pituitary dwarfism
Hyperfunctioning thyroid gland, insomnia, wt loss, fatigue, rapid heat beat, Common amoung females
Graves disease
Reduced metabolic rate, weight gain, cold, intolerant, depression, reduced T3 & T4
Hypothyroidism
Hypothyroidism in children, iodine deficiency, abnormal facial bone development
Cretinism
Hypothyroidisms in adolescens, mental sluggishness, obease
Myxemia
Autoimmune hypothyroidism, goiter, wt gain, older females
Hasimoto’s thyroiditis
Parathyroid adenoma, Salt-and-pepper skull, brown tumor, painful bones, renal stones
Hyperparathyroidism
Autoimmune disease (insulin dependent) destruction of panreatic cells
Type 1 diabetes
Insulin resistant diabetes associated with obesity (reversible)
Type 2 diabetes
Deficiency of ADH production by pituitary gland or insensitivity of the kidney to ADH. Excessive thirst, no glucose in urine
Diabetes insipidus
Inflammation of pancreas caused by gallstones or trauma, medical emergency (reversible)
Acute Pancreatitis
inflammation of pancreas causing irreversible parenchymal damage and fibrosis from chronic alcoholism
Chronic pancreatitis
Autoimmune destruction of adrenal cortex, hyperpigmentation of skin, hypotension
Addisons disease
Pituitary adenoma from exogenous corticosteroid therapy, wt gain (moon faces, Buffalo hump)
Cushing syndrome (hypercortisolism)
Most common cause of anemia
Iron deficiency
Wha type of anemia is due to chronic inflammation and is common amoung hospitalized patients
Anemia of chronic disease
Unstable red blood cell membrane due to unpaired Alpha globin molecules. Causes skeletal deformities (hair on end skull)
beta-Thalassemia
Unstable red blood cell membrane due to unpaired beta globin molecules
Alpha globin
What can cause macrocytic anemia
Folate deficiency anemia
Vitamin B12 deficiency anemia
Type of anemia in which myeloid stem cells are suppressed and fail to produce RBC
Acute blood loss
RBC membrane mutation that caused them to be spherical
Hereditary spherocytosis
X-linked disorder where there is a failure to protect RBCs against oxidation (infection+NSAIDs)
Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency
What antibodies are associated with immune hemolytic anemia (warm)
IgG
What antibodies are associated with immune hemolytic anemia (cold)
IgM
Increased red blood cell mass due to autonomous production, normal erythropoietin. Overexpression of myeloid stem cells. JAK2 gene mutation.
Polycythemia vera
EBV infection, fever, splenomegaly, lymphadenitis
Mono
Bartonella henselae infection
Cat-scratch fever
Lymphoma with punched out lesions, Bence-jones proteins, Invasive
Multiple myeloma
Lymphoma, common in children starry sky histology, rapid facial of mandible
Burkitt lyphoma
Most common lymphoma of adults,
Diffuse large B cell lymphoma
Variable aggressiveness, lymph nodes have a nodular (follicular) pattern
Follicular lymphoma
Most common leukemia of adults, insidious onset
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Aggressive, rapid onset, T cells and B cells, Common in children
Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Lymphoma with predictable metastasis, Reed-Sternberg cells
Infectious mononucleosis
Anaplastic myeloid cell, aggressive, replace bone marrow and suppress hematopoiesis
Acute myelogenous leukemia
disordered hematopoieses, Pancytopenia, may transform into acute myelogenous leukemia
Myelodysplastic leukemia
Myelogenous Leukemia associated with the philadelphia chromosome
Chronic myelogenous leukemia
Diffuse marrow fibrosis, Extramedullary hematopoiesis
Primary myelofibrosis
Birbeck granules, skin lesions, lymphadenopathy
Langerhans cell histiocytes
Massive tissue injury, widespread clotting, Very lethat
Disseminated intravascular coagulation
Bleeding gums, abnormal Willebrand factor
Von Willebrand disease
Mutation of coagulation factor VIII, X-linked recessive
Hemophilia A
Mutated coagulation factor IX mutation, X-linked recessive
Hemophilia B
Increase permeability of glomeruli causing massive proteinuria
Nephrotic syndrome
Most commonly from a bacterial urinary tract infection
Pyelonephritis
Genetic disease that results in massive cysts to develop within the kidney
Polycyctic kidney disease
Most common cancer of the kidney
Renal cell carcinoma
Common childhood cancer of the kidney
Wilms tumor
