Gastro intestinal anatomy (chiro essentials pg31-36) Flashcards
What is the Gastro-intestinal tract embryological derivative
Endoderm
What are the three parts of the Embrylogical endoderm that give rise to the gastro-intestinal tract
Foregut
Midgut
hindgut
What does the foregut give rise to
Esophagus
Stomach
Proximal duodenum
What does the Midgut give rise to
Distal Duodenum
Small intestine
Proximal large intestine up to 2/3 transverse colon
what does the hindgut give rise to
Colon
Proximal half of anal canal
What sex is most likely to experience a Meckel’s diverticulum
Males
What layer of the parietal peritoneum is innervated by T7
Xiphoid
What layer of the parietal peritoneum is innervated by T10
Umbilical level
What layer of the parietal peritoneum is innervated by L1
Inguinal region
What are the layers of the anterior abdominal wall
Skin Subcutaneous tissue Muscles Transveralis fascia Extraperitoneal fat Parietal peritoneum
What layer of subcutaneous tissue of the anterior abdominal wall is coninuous with Colles fascia in the scrotum
Membranous layer (Scarpa)
What forms the anterior layer of the rectus sheath above the arcuate line
external oblique aponeurosis
Internal oblique aponeurosis
Wha forms the posterior layer of the rectus sheath above the arcuate line
Internal oblique aponeurosis
Transversalis fascia
What forms the anterior layer of the rectus sheath below the arcuate line
External oblique aponeurosis
internal oblique aponeurosis
Transveralis fascia
What forms the posterior layer of the rectus sheath belwo the arcute line
Transveralis fascia
Where is the arcuate line located
behind the rectus abdominus
Between umbilicus and symphysis
What are the two parts of the peritoneum
Parietal
Visceral
Which layer of the peritoneum is sensitive to pain
Parietal peritoneum
What are the retroperitoneal structures
Ascending colon Descending colon Pancreas Adrenals Rectum Kidneys Aorta IVC Duodenum
(AC DC PARK AID)
What kind of epithelium lines the stomach
Columnar epithelium
How many muscular layers are there in the stomach
3
outter - longitudinal
middle - circular
inner - oblique
What are the two main secretory cells in the stomach and what do they secrete
Chief cells - Pepsinogen
Parietal cells - HCL, intrinsic factor
What arteries give blood to the stomach
Left Gastric (celiac trunk)
Right Gastric (Common hepatic)
Left Gastro-omental (Splenic artery)
Right Gastro-omental (Gastro-duodinal)
What are the 4 parts of the duodenum in order
Superior
Descending
Horizontal
Ascending
What part of the duodenum does the common bile duct open into
The second
What ligament holds the ascending part of the duodenum in place
Suspensory ligament (treiz)
it is attached to the diaphragm
What part of the duodenum is intraperitoneal
First inch of the superior portion
What makes up the Biliary tree
Right and left hepatic ducts
Cystic duct
Cystic artery
What forms the common hepatic duct
Right and left hepatic ducts
What forms the common bile duct
Common hepatic duct
Cystic duct
what is the triangle that the cystic artery is found
Callot’s triangle
Where does the gallbladder sit
The fossa between right and left quadrate lobes of the liver
What are the parts of the gallbladder
Fundus
Body
Neck
Cystic duct
What is the smooth muscle sphincter that guards the opening of the common bile duct and main pancreatic duct
Sphincter of oddi
what are the 2 parts of the small intestine
Jejunum
Ileum
Which part of the small intestine has more fat (mesentery)
Ileum
Which part of the small intestine is more vascualr
Jejunum
What are the lymphoid aggregates found in the small intestine
Pyers patches
What artery supplies the small intestine
Superior Mesenteric artery
What special structures are found in the large intestine but not the small intestine
Haustra
Teniae coli
Appendices epiplocia
What are the three parts of the colon
Ascending
Transverse
Descending
What is the most common location for the appendix
Behind cecum
What embryological structures derive the colon
Midgut
Hindgut
What arteries supply the colon that is derived from the midgut
Superior mesenteric
What arery supplies the colon that is derived from the hindgut
Inferior mesenteric
Where do te lymphatics of the colon drain into
Pericolic node –> paracolic node –>para-aortic node
What part of the recutm does not have any peritoneum covering it
Lower third
What give blood to the rectum
Superior rectal branch (inferior mesenteric)
Where do the lyphatics of the rectum drain into
Inferior mesenteric nodes
When does the rectum turn into the anal canal
When it passes through he pelvic diaphragm
What part of the recurm is dilated
The lower part (ampulla)
What are the embryological origins of the anal canal
Endoderm
Ectoderm
What is the junction between the endoderm and ectoderm derivatives of the anal canal
Pectineal line
What are the longitudinal fold above the pectineal line
Columns of Morgagni
Where do anal glands open up behind
Vavles of Ball
What is the smooth muscle sphincer of the anal canal
Internal circular sphincter
What is the skeletal muscle sphincter of the anal canal
External sphincter
What nerve supplies the external anal sphincter
Inferior rectal branch of the pudendal nerve
What part of the ana canal is insensitive to pain
Above the pectineal line (hindgut/endoderm)
What supplies blood to the anal canal above the pectineal line
inferior mesenteric artery
What part of the anal canal is sensitive to pain
Below the pectineal line (ectoderm)
What supplies blood to the anal canal below the pectineal line
Inferior rectal branch of the internal pudendal artery
Where do the lymphatics of the anal canal below the pectineal line drain into
Superficial inguinal nodes in the groin
