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part 1 boards (US) > Gastro intestinal anatomy (chiro essentials pg31-36) > Flashcards

Gastro intestinal anatomy (chiro essentials pg31-36) Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the Gastro-intestinal tract embryological derivative

A

Endoderm

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2
Q

What are the three parts of the Embrylogical endoderm that give rise to the gastro-intestinal tract

A

Foregut
Midgut
hindgut

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3
Q

What does the foregut give rise to

A

Esophagus
Stomach
Proximal duodenum

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4
Q

What does the Midgut give rise to

A

Distal Duodenum
Small intestine
Proximal large intestine up to 2/3 transverse colon

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5
Q

what does the hindgut give rise to

A

Colon

Proximal half of anal canal

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6
Q

What sex is most likely to experience a Meckel’s diverticulum

A

Males

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7
Q

What layer of the parietal peritoneum is innervated by T7

A

Xiphoid

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8
Q

What layer of the parietal peritoneum is innervated by T10

A

Umbilical level

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9
Q

What layer of the parietal peritoneum is innervated by L1

A

Inguinal region

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10
Q

What are the layers of the anterior abdominal wall

A 
Skin
Subcutaneous tissue
Muscles
Transveralis fascia
Extraperitoneal fat
Parietal peritoneum
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11
Q

What layer of subcutaneous tissue of the anterior abdominal wall is coninuous with Colles fascia in the scrotum

A

Membranous layer (Scarpa)

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12
Q

What forms the anterior layer of the rectus sheath above the arcuate line

A

external oblique aponeurosis

Internal oblique aponeurosis

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13
Q

Wha forms the posterior layer of the rectus sheath above the arcuate line

A

Internal oblique aponeurosis

Transversalis fascia

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14
Q

What forms the anterior layer of the rectus sheath below the arcuate line

A

External oblique aponeurosis
internal oblique aponeurosis
Transveralis fascia

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15
Q

What forms the posterior layer of the rectus sheath belwo the arcute line

A

Transveralis fascia

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16
Q

Where is the arcuate line located

A

behind the rectus abdominus

Between umbilicus and symphysis

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17
Q

What are the two parts of the peritoneum

A

Parietal

Visceral

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18
Q

Which layer of the peritoneum is sensitive to pain

A

Parietal peritoneum

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19
Q

What are the retroperitoneal structures

A 
Ascending colon
Descending colon
Pancreas
Adrenals
Rectum
Kidneys
Aorta
IVC
Duodenum

(AC DC PARK AID)

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20
Q

What kind of epithelium lines the stomach

A

Columnar epithelium

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21
Q

How many muscular layers are there in the stomach

A

3
outter - longitudinal
middle - circular
inner - oblique

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22
Q

What are the two main secretory cells in the stomach and what do they secrete

A

Chief cells - Pepsinogen

Parietal cells - HCL, intrinsic factor

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23
Q

What arteries give blood to the stomach

A

Left Gastric (celiac trunk)
Right Gastric (Common hepatic)
Left Gastro-omental (Splenic artery)
Right Gastro-omental (Gastro-duodinal)

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24
Q

What are the 4 parts of the duodenum in order

A

Superior
Descending
Horizontal
Ascending

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25
Q

What part of the duodenum does the common bile duct open into

A

The second

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26
Q

What ligament holds the ascending part of the duodenum in place

A

Suspensory ligament (treiz)

it is attached to the diaphragm

27
Q

What part of the duodenum is intraperitoneal

A

First inch of the superior portion

28
Q

What makes up the Biliary tree

A

Right and left hepatic ducts
Cystic duct
Cystic artery

29
Q

What forms the common hepatic duct

A

Right and left hepatic ducts

30
Q

What forms the common bile duct

A

Common hepatic duct

Cystic duct

31
Q

what is the triangle that the cystic artery is found

A

Callot’s triangle

32
Q

Where does the gallbladder sit

A

The fossa between right and left quadrate lobes of the liver

33
Q

What are the parts of the gallbladder

A

Fundus
Body
Neck
Cystic duct

34
Q

What is the smooth muscle sphincter that guards the opening of the common bile duct and main pancreatic duct

A

Sphincter of oddi

35
Q

what are the 2 parts of the small intestine

A

Jejunum

Ileum

36
Q

Which part of the small intestine has more fat (mesentery)

A

Ileum

37
Q

Which part of the small intestine is more vascualr

A

Jejunum

38
Q

What are the lymphoid aggregates found in the small intestine

A

Pyers patches

39
Q

What artery supplies the small intestine

A

Superior Mesenteric artery

40
Q

What special structures are found in the large intestine but not the small intestine

A

Haustra
Teniae coli
Appendices epiplocia

41
Q

What are the three parts of the colon

A

Ascending
Transverse
Descending

42
Q

What is the most common location for the appendix

A

Behind cecum

43
Q

What embryological structures derive the colon

A

Midgut

Hindgut

44
Q

What arteries supply the colon that is derived from the midgut

A

Superior mesenteric

45
Q

What arery supplies the colon that is derived from the hindgut

A

Inferior mesenteric

46
Q

Where do te lymphatics of the colon drain into

A

Pericolic node –> paracolic node –>para-aortic node

47
Q

What part of the recutm does not have any peritoneum covering it

A

Lower third

48
Q

What give blood to the rectum

A

Superior rectal branch (inferior mesenteric)

49
Q

Where do the lyphatics of the rectum drain into

A

Inferior mesenteric nodes

50
Q

When does the rectum turn into the anal canal

A

When it passes through he pelvic diaphragm

51
Q

What part of the recurm is dilated

A

The lower part (ampulla)

52
Q

What are the embryological origins of the anal canal

A

Endoderm

Ectoderm

53
Q

What is the junction between the endoderm and ectoderm derivatives of the anal canal

A

Pectineal line

54
Q

What are the longitudinal fold above the pectineal line

A

Columns of Morgagni

55
Q

Where do anal glands open up behind

A

Vavles of Ball

56
Q

What is the smooth muscle sphincer of the anal canal

A

Internal circular sphincter

57
Q

What is the skeletal muscle sphincter of the anal canal

A

External sphincter

58
Q

What nerve supplies the external anal sphincter

A

Inferior rectal branch of the pudendal nerve

59
Q

What part of the ana canal is insensitive to pain

A

Above the pectineal line (hindgut/endoderm)

60
Q

What supplies blood to the anal canal above the pectineal line

A

inferior mesenteric artery

61
Q

What part of the anal canal is sensitive to pain

A

Below the pectineal line (ectoderm)

62
Q

What supplies blood to the anal canal below the pectineal line

A

Inferior rectal branch of the internal pudendal artery

63
Q

Where do the lymphatics of the anal canal below the pectineal line drain into

A

Superficial inguinal nodes in the groin

part 1 boards (US) (12 decks)

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