Endocrine anatomy (chiro essentials pg29-31) Flashcards
What gland is considered the master endocrine gland
Pituitary gland
What are the embryological origins of the pituitary gland
Rathke’s pouch
part of the Hypothalamus
Where can you find the pituitary gland
In the sella tursica of the sphenoid bone
What covers the pituitary gland
a fold of dura called Diaphragm sellae
what does the anterior portion of the pituitary gland produce
FSH LH ACTH TSH prolactin GH
What influences the release/inhibition of hormones from the anterior pituitary (all except prolactin)
Hypothalamus
What influences the release/inhibition of prolacin from the anterior pituitary
Prolactin inhibiting factor (dopamine)
What does the posterior pituitary do
Stores hormones (oxytocin + ADH)
What produces Oxytocin
Paraventricular nuclei of hypothalamus
What produces ADH
Supraoptic nuclei of the hypothalamus
What links the two lobes of the thalmus
isthmus
What gives blood supply to the thyroid gland
Superior thyroid artery
Inferior thyroid artery
Thyroid ima
what types of cells secrete T3 (thyroxin) in the thalamus
Cuboidal cell-lined follicles
What cells produce calcitonin in the thalamus
Parafollicular cells
What gives blood supply to the parathyroid gland
Inferior thyroid artery
What are the two types of cells of the parathyroid gland
Chief cells
Oxyphils
What cells secrete PTH
Chief cells
What does PTH do
Takes calcium out of bone and into the blood stream
Wha organ is both an exocrine and endocrine gland
Pancreas
What is the pancreas derived from
Ventral and dorsal endodermal buds from the foregut
What cells are found in the pancreas
Alpha 20%
Beta 75%
Delta 5%
What pancreatic cells secrete insulin
Beta cells
What pancreatic cells secrete glucagon
alpha cells
What pancreatic cells secrete somatostatin
Delta cells
what are the parts of the pancreas
Head
neck
body
tail
Which pancreatic duct carries exocrine juices from the tail body and neck of the pancreas
Main pancreatic duct
what does the main pancreatic duct join up with
Common bile duct
What does the main pancreatic duct and the common bile duct open into
Ampulla of vater
Where is the ampulla of vater
The duodenum
What pancreatic duct drains the head
accessory pancreatic duct
What gives blood supply to the pancreas
Superior pancreaticoduodinal artery
inferior pancreaticoduodinal artery
great pancreatic artery
What are the adrenal glands derived from
Cortex (outter) = mesoderm
Medulla (inner) = Neural crest cells
Which adreanl gland is larger
The right one, it is also triangle shaped
What are the three structural zones in the cortex of the adreanal glands
Glomerulosa
Fasciculata
Reticularis
What does the Glomerulosa of the adreanal gland secrete
Aldosterone (under renin control)
What does the Glucocorticoids of the adreanal gland cortex secrete
Glucocorticoids (under ATCH control)
What does the Reticularis of the adrenal gland cortex secrete
Sex hormones
What does the medulla of the adrenal glands secrete
Norepinephrine (sympathetic control)
What arteries supply the adrenal glands
Superior adrenal ggland
Middle adrenal artery
Inferior adrenal artery
What drains the left adrenal gland
Left renal vein
What drains the right adrenal gland
Inferior vena cava
