Pathology of the ovary

Question 1

Who is most at risk of ovarian cancer?

Answer 1

50-60 years
HNPCC/Lynch type II familial cancer
BRCA1/2

Question 2

Is the oral contraceptive pill a risk factor for ovarian cancer?

Answer 2

No - it is protective

Question 3

What are symptoms of ovarian cancer?

Answer 3

Vague, but -
Indigestion/early satiety/poor appetite
Altered bowel habit/pain
Bloating/discomfort/weight gain
Pelvic mass

Question 4

How is ovarian cancer diagnosed?

Answer 4

Surgical/pathological
USS abdo/pelvis
CT
CA125

Question 5

What is the gold standard for treatment of ovarian cancer?

Answer 5

Surgery

Question 6

What is CA 125?

Answer 6

Cancer Antigen 125

Question 7

What malignancies can CA 125 be used to test?

Answer 7

Ovarian
Colon
Pancreatic
Breast
Lung

Question 8

What are ultra sound features of ovarian cancer?

Answer 8

Multi-locular
Solid areas
Bilateral
Ascites
Intra-abdominal

Question 9

How is ovarian cancer staged?

Answer 9

Stage 1 - limited to ovaries with capsule intact
Stage 2 - One or both ovaries with pelvic extension
Stage 3 - one or both ovaries with peritoneal implants outside pelvis or + nodes
Stage 4 - distant metastasis

Question 10

What is laparotomy used for in ovarian cancer?

Answer 10

Obtain tissue diagnosis
Stage disease
Disease clearance
Debulk disease

Question 11

When should chemotherapy be done after cancer?

Answer 11

Within 8 weeks

Question 12

Is chemotherapy in ovarian cancer normally curative or palliative?

Answer 12

Palliative

Question 13

What are cure rates for different stages of ovarian cancer?

Answer 13

1 - 85%
2 - 47%
3 - 15%
4 - 10%

Question 14

Who is screened for ovarian cancer?

Answer 14

High risk women - Cancer gene mutation carriers or 2 or more relatives with the condition