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Reproductive system > Contraception > Flashcards

Contraception Flashcards

1
Q

What would be the characteristics of the ideal contraceptive?

A 
100% reversible
100% effective
100% unrelated to intercourse
100% free of adverse side effects
100% protective against STIs
Non-contraceptive benefits
Low maintenance
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2
Q

What is method failure of contraception?

A

Pregnancy despite being used correctly by the user

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3
Q

What is user failure of contraception?

A

Pregnancy because the method is used incorrectly by the user

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4
Q

When is the highest chance of pregnancy in the cycle?

A

Day 8-19

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5
Q

What is used in combined hormonal contraception?

A

Pill
Patch
Vaginal ring

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6
Q

What hormones are used by combined hormonal contraception?

A

Ethinyl estradiol and synthetic progesterone (Progestogen)

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7
Q

What is the effect of combined hormonal contraception?

A

Stops ovulation and affects cervical mucous and the endometrium

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8
Q

What is the regime with combined hormonal contraception?

A

21 days followed by a hormone free week

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9
Q

What is a contraindication of the pill in combined hormonal contraception?

A

If frequent GI upset

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10
Q

What is the name of the contraceptive patch?

A

EVRA patch

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11
Q

what is the name of the contraceptive ring?

A

Nuvaring

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12
Q

How often must the nuvaring be changed?

A

Every 3 weeks

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13
Q

What are non-contraceptive benefits of combined methods?

A 
Reduce bleeding - helps with menorrhagia
Stop ovulation
Reduction in functional ovarian cysts
50% reduction in ovarian and endometrium cancer
Improve acne/hirsutism
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14
Q

What are side effects of combined methods?

A 
Breast tenderness
Nausea
Headache
Irregular bleeding for the first 3 months
Weight gain
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15
Q

What are serious risks associated with combined hormonal contraception use?

A

Increased venous thrombosis risk - DVT/PE
Increased risk of arterial thrombosis - MI/stroke
Avoid if active gall bladder disease or history of liver tumour
Increased risk of breast cancer

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16
Q

What is a contraindication for the progestogen only pill?

A

Frequent GI upset

17
Q

What are side effects of taking the progestogen only pill?

A 
Appetite increase
Hair loss/gain
Mood change
Bloating or fluid retention
Headache
Acne
18
Q

What is the action of injectable progestogen?

A

Prevents ovulation
Alters cervical mucus to make it hostile to sperm
Makes endometrium unsuitable for implantation

19
Q

How often does injectable progestogen need to be administered?

A

1ml 150mg IM injection into the upper outer quadrant of the buttock every 13 weeks

20
Q

What are toublesome side effects of injectable progestogen?

A

Can be around a 9 month delay in returning to fertility
Reversible reduction in bone density
Weight gain
Problematic bleeding, especially in first 2 doses

21
Q

What is ‘The rod’?

A

A subdermal progestogen implant

22
Q

What makes up the rod?

A

Core - 68mg etonogestrel

Membrane - Ethinyl vinyl acetate 0.6mm thick

23
Q

What is the action of the rod?

A

Inhibits ovulation and effects cervical mucus

24
Q

How long does the rod last?

A

Up to 3 years or earlier if the owner wants it removed

25
Q

What are the 2 types of coil in intrauterine conception?

A

Copper

Levonorgestrel

26
Q

How long can an intrauterine device be fitted for?

A

5-10 years

27
Q

How does a copper intrauterine device work?

A

Copper is toxic to sperm, stops sperm reaching the egg and sometimes prevents implantation

28
Q

What is the most effective option for emergency contraception?

A

Copper IUD

29
Q

What are options for emergency contraception?

A

Copper IUD
Levonelle pill
Ellaone

30
Q

How is female sterilisation normally done?

A

Laparoscopically, Filshie clips are applied across the tube to block the lumen

31
Q

What are risks of female sterilisation?

A

General risks with general anaesthetic and laparoscopy
Irreversible procedure - may regret it
1 in 200 failure rate

32
Q

How is a vasectomy done?

A

Vas deferens is divided and the ends are cauterised through a small incision on the midline of the scrotum

33
Q

What is the most common age group to get an abortion?

A

20-24

34
Q

Is a medical staff member allowed to refuse a women to have an abortion?

A

Legally they can refuse to perform it themselves however they must also ensure the woman is still able to access care

Reproductive system (26 decks)

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