Contraception Flashcards

1
Q

What would be the characteristics of the ideal contraceptive?

A
100% reversible
100% effective
100% unrelated to intercourse
100% free of adverse side effects
100% protective against STIs
Non-contraceptive benefits
Low maintenance
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2
Q

What is method failure of contraception?

A

Pregnancy despite being used correctly by the user

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3
Q

What is user failure of contraception?

A

Pregnancy because the method is used incorrectly by the user

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4
Q

When is the highest chance of pregnancy in the cycle?

A

Day 8-19

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5
Q

What is used in combined hormonal contraception?

A

Pill
Patch
Vaginal ring

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6
Q

What hormones are used by combined hormonal contraception?

A

Ethinyl estradiol and synthetic progesterone (Progestogen)

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7
Q

What is the effect of combined hormonal contraception?

A

Stops ovulation and affects cervical mucous and the endometrium

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8
Q

What is the regime with combined hormonal contraception?

A

21 days followed by a hormone free week

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9
Q

What is a contraindication of the pill in combined hormonal contraception?

A

If frequent GI upset

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10
Q

What is the name of the contraceptive patch?

A

EVRA patch

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11
Q

what is the name of the contraceptive ring?

A

Nuvaring

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12
Q

How often must the nuvaring be changed?

A

Every 3 weeks

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13
Q

What are non-contraceptive benefits of combined methods?

A
Reduce bleeding - helps with menorrhagia
Stop ovulation
Reduction in functional ovarian cysts
50% reduction in ovarian and endometrium cancer
Improve acne/hirsutism
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14
Q

What are side effects of combined methods?

A
Breast tenderness
Nausea
Headache
Irregular bleeding for the first 3 months
Weight gain
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15
Q

What are serious risks associated with combined hormonal contraception use?

A

Increased venous thrombosis risk - DVT/PE
Increased risk of arterial thrombosis - MI/stroke
Avoid if active gall bladder disease or history of liver tumour
Increased risk of breast cancer

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16
Q

What is a contraindication for the progestogen only pill?

A

Frequent GI upset

17
Q

What are side effects of taking the progestogen only pill?

A
Appetite increase
Hair loss/gain
Mood change
Bloating or fluid retention
Headache
Acne
18
Q

What is the action of injectable progestogen?

A

Prevents ovulation
Alters cervical mucus to make it hostile to sperm
Makes endometrium unsuitable for implantation

19
Q

How often does injectable progestogen need to be administered?

A

1ml 150mg IM injection into the upper outer quadrant of the buttock every 13 weeks

20
Q

What are toublesome side effects of injectable progestogen?

A

Can be around a 9 month delay in returning to fertility
Reversible reduction in bone density
Weight gain
Problematic bleeding, especially in first 2 doses

21
Q

What is ‘The rod’?

A

A subdermal progestogen implant

22
Q

What makes up the rod?

A

Core - 68mg etonogestrel

Membrane - Ethinyl vinyl acetate 0.6mm thick

23
Q

What is the action of the rod?

A

Inhibits ovulation and effects cervical mucus

24
Q

How long does the rod last?

A

Up to 3 years or earlier if the owner wants it removed

25
What are the 2 types of coil in intrauterine conception?
Copper | Levonorgestrel
26
How long can an intrauterine device be fitted for?
5-10 years
27
How does a copper intrauterine device work?
Copper is toxic to sperm, stops sperm reaching the egg and sometimes prevents implantation
28
What is the most effective option for emergency contraception?
Copper IUD
29
What are options for emergency contraception?
Copper IUD Levonelle pill Ellaone
30
How is female sterilisation normally done?
Laparoscopically, Filshie clips are applied across the tube to block the lumen
31
What are risks of female sterilisation?
General risks with general anaesthetic and laparoscopy Irreversible procedure - may regret it 1 in 200 failure rate
32
How is a vasectomy done?
Vas deferens is divided and the ends are cauterised through a small incision on the midline of the scrotum
33
What is the most common age group to get an abortion?
20-24
34
Is a medical staff member allowed to refuse a women to have an abortion?
Legally they can refuse to perform it themselves however they must also ensure the woman is still able to access care