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Reproductive system > Breast Cytology/radiology > Flashcards

Breast Cytology/radiology Flashcards

1
Q

What are different modalities of breast imaging?

A

Mammography
Ultrasound
MRI

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2
Q

What are the standard views for mammography?

A 
Mediolateral oblique (MLO)
Craniocaudal (CC)
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3
Q

What are additional views in mammography?

A 
Coned view
Magnification view
True lateral
Extended craniocaudal
Eclund views
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4
Q

What are indications for someone to get mammography?

A

Over age 40

Under 40 if strong suspicion of cancer or family history risk greater than 40%

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5
Q

What is the radiation dose of mammography?

A

1mSv

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6
Q

How can cancer be seen on a mammogram?

A 
Mass
Asymmetry
Architectural distortion
Calcifications
Skin changes
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7
Q

How can malignancy be differentiated from benign?

A

Malignant - irregular, illdefined, spiculated, dense, distortion of architecture
Benign - Smooth or lobulated, normal density, halo

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8
Q

What can US be used for in breast imaging?

A

Differentiate solid from cystic and benign from malignant
First line imaging in under 40s
No radiation
Improves specificity of imaging

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9
Q

What is triple assessment of breasts?

A

Clinical examination
Imaging
FNA cytology

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10
Q

What are indications for MRI of the breast?

A

Recurrent disease
Implants
Indeterminate lesion following triple assessment
Screening high risk women

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11
Q

What is the breast screening programme?

A

Women aged 50-70 are invited every 3 years for a mammography - uptake is 84%

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12
Q

What is cytology?

A

Microscopic examination of a thin layer of cells on a slide

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13
Q

How are cells obtained for breast cytology?

A

Fine needle aspiration
Direct smear from nipple discharge
Scrape of nipple with scalpel

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14
Q

What considerations are important regarding the patient in FNA?

A

They are informed of the procedure
They are comfortable
Chaperone

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15
Q

What considerations are important for safety in FNA?

A

Wear gloves/wash hands
Dispose of needle
Care handling fresh material - infection risk

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16
Q

What would a benign cytology look like?

A 
Low cellularity
Cohesive groups of cells
Flat sheets of cells
Bipolar nuclei in background
Cells of uniform size
Uniform chromatin pattern
17
Q

What would a malignant cytology look like?

A 
High cellularity
Loss of cohesion
Crowding/overlapping of cells
Nuclear pleomorphism
Hyperchromasia
Absence of bipolar nuclei
18
Q

What is the cytology scoring system?

A 
C1 - unsatisfactory
C2 - benign
C3 - atypia (Probably benign)
C4 - suspicious (probably malignant)
C5 - malignant
19
Q

How are cysts treated?

A

Drainage via FNA

20
Q

What are complications of FNA?

A

Pain
Haematoma
Fainting
Infection, pneumthorax

21
Q

Are there any contraindications for FNA?

A

No

Reproductive system (26 decks)

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