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Reproductive > Pathology of Male Reproductive Tract - Testis and Epidymis > Flashcards

Pathology of Male Reproductive Tract - Testis and Epidymis Flashcards

1
Q

Hormone effects are pre/testicular/post

A

pre testicular

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2
Q

Failure of immediate coagulation of semen suggests ______

A

absence of seminal vesicles

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3
Q

_____ is secondary to congenital defect in GnRH secretion by hypothalamus and is associated with cranio-facial defects, maldescended gonads, and anosmia.

A

Kallman’s

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4
Q

_____ is associated with pituitary microadenmoa and gynecomastia.

A

hyperprolactinemia

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5
Q

_______ involves loss of 21 hydroxylase which prevents progesterone converting to cortisol and instead converts to testosterone.

A

congenital adrenal hyperplasia

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6
Q

Genetic causes of testicular infertility: 15q

A

prader willi

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7
Q

Genetic causes of testicular infertility: trisomy 21

A

down’s

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8
Q

Genetic causes of testicular infertility: xxy

A

klinefelter

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9
Q

Predominant pattern of injury in cryptorchidism

A

decrease spermatogenesis, decrease tubular diameter, hyalinization and thickening of tubular basement membrane

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10
Q

T/F leydig cells are often spared in cryptorchidism and may show hyperplasia

A

T

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11
Q

How does infection cause infertility?

A

fibrosis due to immune response can cause obstruction

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12
Q

MOA Cystic fibrosis related post testicular infertility

A

epididymal cysts and absence of vas deferens

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13
Q

_____ can be seen as a result of varicocele, prior vasectomy, mumps orchitis

A

germ cell sloughing

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14
Q

Sertoli cell only syndrome is seen when?

A

deficiency in lh/fsh, cryptorchidism, klinefelters, germ cell migration issues

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15
Q

T/F testicular tumors are more common in whites than blacks

A

T

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16
Q

____testicular tumors are very radiosensitive

A

seminoma

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17
Q

Which genetic abnormality is most common in testicular tumors?

A

isochromosome on the short arm of chromosome 12 = i12p

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18
Q

If neoplastic testicular cells look like germ cells, it is a ____

A

seminoma

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19
Q

If neoplastic testicular cells starts differentiating, it is a ____

A

embryonal carcinoma

20
Q

If embryonal carcinoma undergoes extra embryonic differentiation, it is a ____

A

yolk sac tumor or choriocarcinoma

21
Q

If embryonal carcinoma undergoes furtherembryonic embryonic differentiation, it is a ____

22
Q

intratubular germ cell neoplasia (ITGCNU)

A

cancer cells are confined to tubules –> seen adjacent to all germ cell tumors in adults except spermatocytic seminoma

23
Q

most common pure germ cell tumor composed of relatively uniform cells with abundant clear cytoplasm ,well defined cell borders, and nuclei with one or more prominent nucleoli.

24
Q

_____ are like seminomas but occur in extragonadal sites

A

germinomas or dysgerminomas in females

25
Q

T/F most seminomas are painless

26
Q

In seminoma which serum markers are negative?

A

HCG and AFP

27
Q

Seminomas are associated with infiltration by what kind of cell?

28
Q

Germ cell tumor composed of cells with epithelial appearance and marked cytologic atypia.

A

embryonal carcinoma

29
Q

Prognosis of embryonal carcinoma

A

poorest of GCT –> very aggressive with metastasis

30
Q

Cure rate of seminoma

A

stage 1 and 2 > 95%

31
Q

Cure rate of embryonal carcinoma

A

stage 1 > 95

32
Q

GCT characterized by a variety of growth patterns that recapitulate yolk sac, allantois and extraembryonic mesenchyme

A

yolk sac tumor

33
Q

T/F embyronal carcinoma does not occur in children

34
Q

T/F yolk sac tumors do not occur in children

A

F –> 75% of childhood testicular tumors are YST

35
Q

Lacelike or reticular growth pattern

36
Q

Schiller Duval bodies

A

structures resembling endodermal sinus = yst

37
Q

High serum AFP is associated with what kind of tumor?

38
Q

Prognosis of YST children vs adults

A

children do better

39
Q

GCT composed of mononucleated cytotrophoblast and multinucleated syncytiotrophoblast

A

choriocarcinoma

40
Q

Hemorrhage is a hallmark of what GCT?

A

choriocarcinoma

41
Q

High HCG is associated with what GCT

A

choriocarcinoma –> higher hcg = worse prognosis (worst of all GCTs)

42
Q

Tumors with more than one somatic tissue of different germinal layers

43
Q

Mature teratoma

A

can recognize matured aspects like teeth or glands (vs. immature when there is lots of undifferentiated cells)

44
Q

Most common neoplastic transformation of immature teratoma

A

embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (in addition to wilms tumor, angiosarcoma)

45
Q

2 main carcinomatous transformations of immature teratomas

A

squamous cell and adenocarcinoma

46
Q

T/F teratomas in children are considered benign

Reproductive (38 decks)

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