Female Reproductive Embryology Flashcards
At what week do gendered reproductive structures express themselves?
7
_____ ducts develop into male structures called ____.
mesonephric ducts called wolffian ducts
_____ ducts develop into female structures called ____.
paramesonephric ducts called mullerian ducts
Mullerian derivatives form what three structures?
uterus, fallopian tubes, and upper portion of vagina
What are the four key factors in determining male gonad fate?
testis determining factor, mullerian inhibiting factor, testosterone, dihydrotestosterone
What are the key factors in determining female gonad fate?
estrogen
Are M/F more likely to have congenital malformations? Why?
M –> more room for disruption since 4 different factors
What structures are formed by intermediate mesoderm in the developing abdomen?
kidney and ureters
At the point in time at which the mesonephric duct has induced kidney formation, do the gonads contain gonadal cells?
No
The _____ is a small segment of undifferentiated mesoderm that projects off the abdominal wall.
genital ridge
Where do primordial germ cells come from?
They migrate through the dorsal mesentery from yolk sac to genital ridge (in both sexes)
Which duct (male vs female) forms first?
mesonephric before paramesonephric
What affect does the arrival of primordial germ cells have on development?
stimulate undifferentiated gonad to form gender specific supporting cells (primitive sex cords)
What is the determining factor that establishes the m/f choice for a developing gonad?
Y –>Sry gene
The _____ encodes TDF
Sry gene on Y chromosome
The development of ovary fate is controlled by what gene pathway? What is the analog of this pathway in males?
Wnt4 is the analog of Sry in males
What are the supporting cells of male gametogenesis?
Sertoli cells
What do sertoli cells tell male germ cells to do once sertoli cells have been established?
signal them to not undergo gametogenesis in utero
What are granulosa cells?
granulosa/follicle cells are supporting cells in the developing ovary
Do germ cells undergo gametogenesis in female gonads in utero?
Yes–> but arrest in M1 prophase
Which endocrine cells are induced by sertoli and follicle cells respectively?
Leydig and theca cells
The Leydig cells are the source of ____.
testosterone
The theca cells are the source of ____.
estrogen (in addition to some from granulosa/follicle cells)
The sertoli cells are the source of _____.
anti-Mullerian hormone/Mullerian inhibiting substance –> make mullerian ducts degenerate
Testosterone is converted to ____
DHT –> masculinization
What kind of epithelia are support cells of gonad? (sertoli, follicular)
coelomic epithelium
What kind of epithelia are endocrine cells of gonad? (leydig, theca)
mesodermal stroma
Where in the developing testis are testis cords located?
medulla
Where in the developing ovary are ovary cords located?
cortex
Site of gametogenesis in males
lumen of seminiferous tubules
In which sex is the duct system completely closed
males
Why is the female duct system not continuous?
the mesonephric duct degenerates, separating the ovary from the oviduct
The paramesonephric ducts fuse under the influence of ____
estrogen
The _____ form the fallopian tubes.
unfused ends of the paramesonephric ducts
The lower part of the vagina is derived from ______
endoderm of urogenital sinus
The ____ elongates to form the inferior vagina.
sinovaginal bulbs
The paramesonephric ducts bring together a peritoneal fold that will form the ______ and create two peritoneal compartments.
broad ligament
The ____ is created by resorption after paramesonephric duct fusion.
uterine cavity
_____ is in the base of the broad ligament and courses through the cardinal ligament.
ureter
The_____ is the deepest part of the female peritoneal cavity.
rectouterine pouch
A ___ is a uterus with malformation resulting in two horns.
Bicorniate
3 common components of external genitalia
glans area, urogenital folds, genital swelling
In females the ____ forms the erectile tissue.
Glans area and genital swelling
In females the ____ forms the glans of clitoris, shaft of clitoris, labium majora. .
urogenital folds and adjacent tissue
In females the ____ forms the labium minora.
unfused urogenital folds
