Histology Flashcards
Has ovulation occurred yet? Which day is this?
Secretory endometrium - day 17
Uniform sub-nuclear cacuoles, single row of nuclei, edema in the stroma (1st evidence of ovulation)
Has ovulation occured yet? Which day is this?
No –> normal, proliferative endometrium
Has ovulation occurred yet? Which day is this?
Secretory endometrium day 20-21
MArked stromal edema (“naked nuclei”) vaculoses have gone into lumen
Has ovulation occurred yet? Which day is this?
Secretory endometrium day 23-24
Promoinent spiral arteries, pre-decidual change around arteries
Has ovulation occurred yet? Which day is this?
Secretory endometrium day 26-27 confluent sheets of predecidea, lumphocytes
What is this?
Follicular atresia
What is this?
Vas deferens
Epithelium also pseudo stratified with stereocillia (like epididmis), contains 3 layers of smooth muscle the propel sperm
Secondary follicle
The zona granulosa (ZG) proliferates
& a fluid filled space (follicular
antrum, FA) appears
The theca folliculi differentiates
into two layers: theca interna (TI)
& theca externa (TE)
TI cells secrete androstenedione,
which is transferred to the follicular
cells for testosterone production,
testosterone is converted to estradiol
TE is connective tissue capsule-like
layer, continuous with ovarian stroma
Corpus Luteum
Breast tissue - pregnancy
The alveolar duct epithelium proliferates to form numerous secretory alveoli L, breast lobule; S, septa of interlobular tissue
Benign prostatic hyperplasia - stromal hyperplasia
Hyperplasia of the stroma happens first
BPH - Nodular glandular hyperplasia
Carcinoma of prostate
key features - increased number of acini, acini grow in haphazard pattern, violates normal architecture
Perineural invasion - CAP
Immature testis
No germ cell epithelium, no puberty
Seminoma - homogenous form, macroscopically heomogenous tumor, seminoma cells - prominnent nucleoli, cytoplasm clearing (glycogen)
tumor infiltrating lymphocytes
Teratoma - differentiated (looks like bronchois) organogenesis tumor
Choriocarcinoma staining for HCG
Choriocarcinoma
STGC = syncytiotrophoblastic giant cells
Yolk sack tumor
Key feature - stains for AFP (alpha fetal protein)
Glandular and stromal breakdown seen in DUB
Stromal blue balls – seen is dysfunctional uterine bleeding –> collapse of stroma
Cysti endometrial atrophy
Glands are cystically enlarged
Lining is flat and attenuated
without mitotic activity
Stroma is less cellular and
fibrotic
Biopsy of cystic atrophy of endometrium
Scant strips of bland epithelial
cells and blood
Endometrial polyp:
BASAL ENDOMETRIUM DERIVED!
Larger tissue fragments with dense stroma and thick walled arteries
Glands ireegular, dilated, may be crowded focally
separate fragments of normal endometrium
Endometrial polyps
Intramural and submucosal leiomyoma
Leiomyosarcoma
invasion of surrounding tissue, vascular invasion
Leiomyosarcoma histology
mitotic activity, marked nucclear atypia, bizarre giant cells
Endometriosis
Endometriotic “chocolate cyst”
Endometrial hyperplasia
Simple endometrial hyperplasia
Complex endometrial hyperplasia
Endometrial hyperplasia with atypia
Endometrial carcinoma Desmoplastic response (part of malignancy criteria)
Endometrial carcinoma
Cribiform glands
Endometrial carcinoma - papillary pattern
Endometrial carcinoma Type 1
(estrogen responsive, indolent)
Glands and tumor cells are similar to those of atypical hyperplasia of endometrium •More complex proliferation •Confluent proliferation of cells
Endometrial carcinoma - type 2, clear cell type
- Clear, vacuolated cytoplasm
- Markedly atypical nuclei •May be admixed with serous carcinoma
Endometrial carcinoma - type 2 serous type
•Marked nuclear atypia
•Macronucleoli •Numerous abnormal mitoses •Calcifications (Psammoma bodies)
Condyloma - HPV infection
CIN 3/HSIL abnormal cells from basal to surface
CIN 3
Serous carcinoma
•Papillae, slit-like spaces, solid areas •Markedly atypical cells •Necrosis, hemorrhage •Many mitoses, including atypical forms
Mucinous carcinoma
•Glands and solid areas •Atypical, mucinous epithelial cells
Endometrioid carcinoma
•Resembles usual (type I) endometrial carcinomas
Clear cell carcinoma
•Glands, papillae, solid areas •Markedly atypical cells with clear cytoplasm
Mature cystic teratoma
more malignant than the thecomas which are usually benign
mostly benign can produce estrogens
Adenomyosis: functional endometrial nests in myometrium producing foci of hemorrhagic cysts in uterine wall
ovarian stroma and surface epithelia
Ovary epithelial inclusion cyst
Benign cystadenomas are lined by
a single layer of bland epithelial cells –> serous with cilia
Benign cystadenomas are lined by
a single layer of bland epithelial cells –> mucinous type
Krukenberg tumor
“Signet ring” tumor cells
(cytoplasm filled with mucin
pushing nucleus to side)
dcis
Lobular carcinoma in situ
invasive ductal carcinoma
Invasive Lobular Carcinoma
fibroadenoma
Phyllodes tumor is the other major fibroepithelial neoplasm in the breast. It also grows in a mixed or biphasic pattern; however,
the stroma dominates over the glandular component. Invasion at the periphery is seen in some PTs – a cancer-like growth
pattern that is never seen in fibroadenoma.
