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Reproductive > Gynecologic Pathology II > Flashcards

Gynecologic Pathology II Flashcards

1
Q

Non-physiologic, non-invasive proliferation of endometrium

A

endometrial hyperplasia

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2
Q

endometrial hyperplasia is caused by _____

A

increased, unopposed estrogen effect

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3
Q

endometrial hyperplasia clinical presentation

A

abnormal bleeding

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4
Q

protective factors for endometrial hyperplasia

A

progesterone, large # births, old age at first birth, long birth period, short premenopausal delivery free period

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5
Q

Exogenous risk factor for endometrial hyperplasia

A

tamoxifen

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6
Q

histologic features of endometrial hyperplasia

A

abundant material with curettage, diffuse abnormality –> increased gland to stroma ratio, irregularities in gland shape, variation in gland size, mitotic activity

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7
Q

hyperplasia without atypia vs hyperplasia with atypia

A

gland architecture (simple vs complex)

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8
Q

Prominent nuclei in endometrial hyperplasia histology suggest

A

atypia

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9
Q

Risk of cancer after diagnosis of endometrial hyperplasia is highest among those with ____

A

complex with atypia = 29%–> risk doesn’t change if hysterectomy is done immediately after

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10
Q

Distinguishing endometrial hyperplasia from carcinoma

A

myometrial invasion or invasion of endometrial stroma suggest carcinoma (ie desmoplastic response, cribiform glands, extensive papillary pattern)

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11
Q

irregular infiltration of glands associated with altered fibroblastic stroma

A

desmoplastic response

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12
Q

confluent glandular pattern uninterrupted by stroma

A

cribiform glands

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13
Q

fibrovascular cores lined by epithelial cells

A

papillae indicative of papillary growth pattern

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14
Q

Most common malignant tumor of female genital tract

A

endometrial carcinoma

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15
Q

Type I endometrial carcinoma

A

estrogen dependent endometrioid type –> 80-85%

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16
Q

Type II endometrial carcinoma

A

non-estrogen dependent –>15-20%

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17
Q

2 types of Type II endometrial carcinoma

A

serous type, clear cell type

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18
Q

Type I or Type II endometrial carcinoma? unopposed estrogen

A

Type I

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19
Q

Type I or Type II endometrial carcinoma? pre and perimenopausal

A

Type I

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20
Q

Type I or Type II endometrial carcinoma? post menopausal

21
Q

Type I or Type II endometrial carcinoma? precursor lesion = atypical hyperplasia

22
Q

Type I or Type II endometrial carcinoma? precursor lesion = intraepithelial carcinoma

23
Q

Type I or Type II endometrial carcinoma? low tumor grade

24
Q

Type I or Type II endometrial carcinoma? high tumor grade

25
Q

Type I or Type II endometrial carcinoma? variable/minimal myometrial invasion

26
Q

Type I or Type II endometrial carcinoma? deep myometrial invasion

27
Q

Type I or Type II endometrial carcinoma? indolent

28
Q

Type I or Type II endometrial carcinoma? aggressive

29
Q

Type I or Type II endometrial carcinoma? PTEN, kras, microsatellite instability

30
Q

Type I or Type II endometrial carcinoma? p53

31
Q

Psamomma bodies

A

calcifications in serous type ii endometrial carcinoma

32
Q

Stage I endometrial cancer

A

confined to uterus –:> a= endometrium, b = 50% myometrial invasion

33
Q

Stage II endometrial cancer

A

cervical involvement –> a = glandular, b = cervical stromal involvement

34
Q

Stage III endometrial cancer

A

uterine serosa, adnexa, positive cytology, vaginal or pelvic LN metastases

35
Q

Stage IV endometrial cancer

A

invasion of bladder or bowel mucosa or distant metastases

36
Q

85% of cervical cancer are ___ type

A

squamous +15% adenocarcinoma

37
Q

symptoms of cervical cancer

A

abnormal bleeding, post-coital bleeding

38
Q

risk factor for cervical cancer

A

hpv, cigarette smoking, immunosuppression, multiple partners, early age at 1st intercourse

39
Q

precursor lesion for cervical cancer

A

dysplasia of increasing severity

40
Q

detection of cervical cancer

41
Q

low risk hpv subtypes can lead to genital warts called ___

A

condyloma cunimatum

42
Q

high risk hpv subtypes for cancer

43
Q

low risk hpv subtypes for cancer

44
Q

viral ______ genes of high risk hpv can cause cellular transformation

45
Q

T/F HPV persistence is necessary for progression to cancer

46
Q

if pap is negative and high risk hpv negative, the risk of CIN 3 or invasive carcinoma in the next three years is ___

A

can increase screening time interval

47
Q

_____ is the site of first preneoplastic cervical cancer lesions

A

squamocolumnar junction

48
Q

T/F low grade cervical cancer lesions are often reversible

49
Q

At what age do we begin to screen for cervical cancer

Reproductive (38 decks)

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