Pathology of Integument Pt 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the major reasons animals are brought to the vet?

A
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2
Q

Why do we care about skin disease?

A

It is very common. Top 4 reasons pets are brought to the vet

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3
Q

What can be seen in this image? How can we describe the lesion?

A
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4
Q

What can be seen in this cytology? What are our next likely diagnostic steps?

A
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5
Q

What are the functions of skin?

A

Also:
- produce vitamin D

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6
Q

How does skin act as a protective barrier?

A
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7
Q

What is the function of vitamin D?

A
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8
Q

How is vitamin D synthesized from the sun?

A
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9
Q

Finish this sentence: Skin is an indicator of _____ ______ and_______

A
  • Indicator of general health and disease
  • Sometimes its not surface issues, the skin can be an indication of systemic disease.
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10
Q

How to describe lesion characteristics of skin?

A
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11
Q

What symmetry is seen in each of these images?

A
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12
Q

What is each of these configurations seen here?

A
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13
Q

What is a primary lesion? Secondary lesion? One that is considered primary or secondary?

A
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14
Q

Which is the best sample to be sent for pathology?
A.) Secondary
B.) Primary
C.) Primary or Secondary
D.) Scar tissue

A

B.) Primary

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15
Q

What is erythema?

A
  • Erythema: reddening of the skin
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16
Q

What is hyperpigmentation? Hypopigmentation?

A
  • Hyperpigmentation: increase in pigment
  • Hypopigmentation: decrease in pigment
    Examples: Hemorrhage, lentigo, vitiligo
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17
Q

What is seen in this image? How would you describe it? What are some examples?

A
  • Macule <1 cm
  • flat circumscribed lesion of altered skin color
    Examples: Hemorrhage, lentigo, vitiligo
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18
Q

What is seen in this image? How would you describe it? What are some examples?

A
  • Patch > 1 cm
  • flat circumsized lesion of altered skinc olor
  • Can be erythematous, or hyperpigmented, or hypopogmented
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19
Q

What is seen in this image? How would you describe it? What are some examples?

A
  • Papules
  • Solid elevated lesion <1 cm
  • Inflammatory cells have accumulated under the skin.
    Examples: Allergic reaction, bacterial folliculitis, etc.
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20
Q

What is seen in this image? How would you describe it? What are some examples?

A
  • What is a plaque?
    ◦ Flat elevation in skin > 1 cm
    ◦ eosinophinophillic granuloma complex (cats) -> reflection of type 1 hypersensitivity. Erythematous, reflects that cat has allergy -> large plaques, bright red
    ◦ Calcinosis Cutis: much bigger papules (dogs)
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21
Q

What is seen in this image? How would you describe it? What are some examples?

A
  • accumulation of purulent material within the epidermis ( pus) Bacterial infection/ pemphigus.
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22
Q

What is seen in this image? How would you describe it? What are some examples?

A

dependent on size can be vesicle or bulla.

23
Q

What is seen in this image? How would you describe it? What are some examples?

A
  • Wheal -> Sharply circumscribed raised lesion consisting of edema.
  • Insect bites/ uticaria/allergic rxn
  • More common in horses
  • Superficial dermis
24
Q

What is seen in this image? How would you describe it? What are some examples?

A
  • Nodule: Solid elevation ( circumscribed)
  • Usually extends into deeper layer of skin > 1 cm
  • Bacterial/ fungal/ Neoplasm ect
25
Q

What is seen in this image? How would you describe it? What are some examples?

A
  • Epithelium-lined cavity containing fluid or a solid material. It is a smooth, well-circumscribed, fluctuant to solid mass.
  • Examples: follicular cyst and apocrine gland cyst.
26
Q

What is seen in this image? How would you describe it? What are some examples? Can this be normal?

A
  • Alopecia - partial to complete hair loss
  • Mexican hairless -> Some breeds dont have hair/ naturally and this is normal.
27
Q

What is seen in this image? How would you describe it? What are some examples?

A
  • Occurs with Damage to skin
28
Q

What is seen in this image? How would you describe it? What are some examples?

A
  • Follicular casts: Accumulation of keratin and follicular material that adheres to hair shaft extending above surface of follicular ostia
  • Sebaceous adenitis
29
Q

What is seen in this image? How would you describe it? What are some examples?

A
  • Crust – desquamation composed of dry accumulations of serum, pus, and epithelial and bacterial debris.
  • Examples: chronic stage of pustular disease (bacterial infection or pemphigus foliaceous).
  • Take crust if you can and send it. It gives diagnostic clues, pathologists love it
  • reflects chronic stages of diseases.
30
Q

What is seen in this image? How would you describe it? What are some examples?

A
  • Comedo
  • Dialated hair follicle filled with cornified cells and sebaceous material.
  • Examples: solar dermatosis (canine), chin acne and endocrine dermatopathy.
  • Black head fancy term
31
Q

What is seen in this image? How would you describe it? What are some examples?

A

Abnormal pigmentation: Changes in skin coloration caused by a variety of pigments Examples:
* Hypopigmentation – vitiligo
* Hyperpigmentation: post inflammatory, chronic, traumatic, and endocrine skin lesions

32
Q

What is seen in this image? How would you describe it? What are some examples?

A
  • Epidermal collarette: A thin layer of scale that expands peripherally and forms a ring.
  • Examples: superficial bacterial infection (pyoderma)(classic lesion), insect bite, fungal infection.
33
Q

What is seen in this image? How would you describe it? What are some examples?

A
  • Scar: Fibrous tissue that replaces normal skin after dermis injury and/or laceration.
  • On the skin, these areas are often alopecic and depigmented.
  • Examples: healed wound, surgical scar.
  • Do not send to pathologist -> it will give you no information.
34
Q

What is seen in this image? How would you describe it? What are some examples?

A
  • Excoriation
  • Superficial, linear break of the epidermis.
  • Examples: mechanical trauma, the macerating action of secretions, and constant humidity.
35
Q

What is seen in this image? How would you describe it? What are some examples?

A
  • Erosion: Partial-thickness loss of epidermis resulting in shallow, moist, glistening depression.
  • Examples: Secondary to vesicle or pustule rupture or secondary to surface trauma, immune-mediated diseases
36
Q

What is seen in this image? How would you describe it? What are some examples?

A
  • Ulcer: Full-thickness loss of epidermis and basement membrane, and at least a portion of the dermis with depression of the exposed surface.
  • Examples: ischemic lesions resulting from vasculitis, indolent ulcer, feline herpesvirus dermatitis, feline ulcerative dermatosis syndrome.
37
Q

What is seen in this image? How would you describe it? What are some examples?

A
  • Fissure: A deep, linear break from epidermis into the dermis.
  • Examples: paw pad fissure seen in pemphigus foliaceus, superficial necrolytic dermatitis, or digital hyperkeratosis.
38
Q

What are not good candidates for pathologic samples?

A

secondary lesions : Not good candidates for pathologic samples

39
Q

What is seen in this image? How would you describe it? What are some examples?

A
  • Linchenification: Rough, thickened epidermis secondary to persistent rubbing, scratching, or irritation; may have increases pigmentation.
  • Examples: chronic dermatitis.
40
Q

What is seen in this image? How would you describe it? What are some examples?

A
  • Callus: Thick firm, hyperkeratotic, hairless plaque with increased skin folds, wrinkles or fissures.
  • Examples: trauma over bony prominence such as elbow, sternum, or side of digit.
41
Q
A
  • Multifocal hyperpigmented macules, extending from the ventral thorax to the venteral abdomen and both inguinal regions.
42
Q
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43
Q
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44
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45
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46
Q
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47
Q
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48
Q

When should you preform allergy testing on a patient? What kind of allergy test is available?

A
49
Q

When should you opt for a skin biopsy?

A
50
Q

What lesion should you use for a skin biopsy?

A
51
Q

What is important about the size/ samples provided for biopsy?

A
52
Q

What are important tips for skin biopsy?

A
53
Q

How do you preform skin biopsys?

A
54
Q

What is additional testing that can be done for pathology samples?

A