Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

GI > Pathology of biliary tract and pancreatic pathology > Flashcards

Pathology of biliary tract and pancreatic pathology Flashcards

1
Q

What is choleithiasis?

A

Defined as hard stone-like or gravel-like material formed within the biliary system most commonly the gallbladder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is normal bile composed of?

A

Micelles of cholesterol, phospholipid, bile salts and bilirubin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How is bile released?

A

Stored and concentrated in the gallbladder and released by CCK into the 2nd part of the duodenum through the CBD and ampulla of vater

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How do cholesterol stones form?

A

Gallstones form when there is an imbalance between the ratio of cholesterol to bile salts disrupting micells formation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the risk factors to cholesterol gall stones?

A

Female
Obesity
Diabetes
Genetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is a pigment stone?

A

Too much haem in the system, the body is breaking down red blood cells too readily causing a black pigemnt stone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the risk factors to pigment stones?

A

Excess bilirubin due to excess haemolysis i.e. hemolytic anaemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the pathogenesis of gall stones?

A

Gallbladder pH and mucosal glycoproteins may be contributory factors causing infection and inflammation of the biliary lining

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What can cause gallstones?

A 
Acute cholescytitis
Chronic cholecystitis 
Mucocoele
Emypema
Carcinoma
Ascending cholangitis
Obstructive jaundice
Gallstone ileus
Acute pancreatitis
Chronic pancreatitis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is cholecystitis?

A

Inflammation of the gallbladder which is usually associated with gallstones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is acute cholecystitis?

A

Gallstones obstructing outflow of bile
Initially sterile then becomes infected
May cause empyema, rupture and peritonitiis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is chornic cholecystitis?

A

Associated with gallstones
May develop insidiously or after bouts of acute cholecystitis
Gallbladder wall is thickened but not distended

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What cancer commonly affects the gallbladder?

A

Adenocarcinoma
Associated with gallstones
Local invasion of the lvier `

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What conditions are associated with cholangiocarcinoma?

A

Associated with ulcerative colitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis
Presents with painless obstructive jaundice
Adenocarcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the two functions of the pancreas?

A

Endocrine - islet cells of langerhan, somatostatin, glucoagon and insluin
Exocrine - acinar cells - enzymes and proteases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is pancreatitis?

A

Inflammation of the pancreas may be acute of chronic

Overlap exists between acute and chronic

17
Q

What is acute pancreatitis?

A

Sudden onset severe abdo pain
Patients may be severely shocked
Elevated serum amylase

18
Q

What are the differential diagnoses for severe abdo pain?

A 
Appendicitis
Diverticulitis
Perforation 
Obstruction 
Acute pancreatitis
19
Q

What can cause acute pancreatitis?

A 
Alcohol
Cholelithiasis
Shock 
Mumps
Hyperparathyrodism 
Hypothermia
Trauma 
Iatrogenic
20
Q

What is the pathogenesis of acute pancreatitis?

A

Bile reflux leads to duct obstruction due to stone famage to the sphincter of oddi which all cause pancreatic duct epithelial injury
The loss of the protective barrier allows autodigestion of pancreatic acini
Release of lytic pancreatic enzymes proteases and lipases leads to intra and peripancreatic fat necrosis and tissue destruction and haemorrhage

21
Q

What are some complications of acute pancreatitis?

A 
Death
Shock
Pseudocyst formation 
Abscess formation 
Hypocalcaemia
Hyperglycaemia
22
Q

What is chronic pancreatitis?

A

Relapsing disorder may develop insidiously or following bouts of acute pancreatitis

23
Q

What causes acute pancreatitits?

A 
Alcohol 
Cholelithiasis
CF
Hyperparathyrodism
Familial
24
Q

What is the pathogenesis of chronic pancreatitis?

A

Replacement of pancreas by chronic inflammation and scar tisue
Destruction of exocrine acini and islets

25
Q

What cancer can affect the pancreas?

A

Adenocarcinoma

Associated with smoking, diabetes and familial pancreatitis

26
Q

Where can adenocarcinoma of the pancreas spread?

A

Direct spread to other organs e.g duodenum, stomach, spleen, left adrenal gland, transverse colon and CBD
Spread to local lymph nodes
Haematogenous spread to liver

GI (42 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions