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GI > Malabsorbtion > Flashcards

Malabsorbtion Flashcards

1
Q

What is the definition of malabsorption?

A

Defective mucosal absorption which is caused by defective luminal digestion, mucosal disease or structural abnormalities

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2
Q

What are the common causes of malabsorbtion?

A 
Coeliac disease 
Crohn's disease 
Post infectious 
Biliary obstruction 
Cirrhosis
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3
Q

What are the uncommon causes of malabsorbtion?

A 
Pancreatic cancer 
Parasites 
Bacterial overgrowth 
Drugs 
Short bowel sundrome
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4
Q

What is the most common mineral to be malabsorbed in the world?

A

Iron (anaemia)

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5
Q

What are the diseases that drive malabsorbtion?

A 
Coeliac disease 
Whipple's disease 
Crohn's disease 
Parasitic infections 
Small bowel bacterial overgrowth
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6
Q

What is lactose malabsorbtion?

A

Evidence of deficiency of lactose

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7
Q

What are the clinical presentations of lactose malabsorbtion?

A

Induction of diarrhoea, abdominal discomfort and flactulence following the ingestion of dairy products

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8
Q

How is lactose malabsorbtion diagnosed?

A

Confirmed by the lactose breath hydrogen test, or an oral lactose intolerance test

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9
Q

What is the management of lactose malabsorbtion?

A

Lactose free diet

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10
Q

What is trocial sprue?

A

Evidence of colonisation of the intestine by an infectious agent or alteration in the intestinal bacterial flora induced by the exposure to antoerh envorinmental agen

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11
Q

What does tropical sprue present with?

A

Diarrhoea, steatohhrea, weight loss, nausea, anorexia and anaemia

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12
Q

How is tropica sprue diagnosed?

A

Biopsy

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13
Q

How is tropical sprue treated?

A

Tetracycline and folic acid

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14
Q

What is whipple’s disease?

A

Evidence of tropheryma whipplei, multi-system involvement with an increase int he frequency of HLA-B27

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15
Q

How does whipple’s disease present?

A

Weight loss, diarrhoea, steatorrhea, abdominal distension, arthritis, fever and nutritional deficiency symptoms

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16
Q

How is whipple’s disease treated?

A

Antimicrobials

17
Q

How is whipple’s disease diagnosed?

A

Demonstration of T.whipplei in involved tissue by microscopy

18
Q

What is crohn’s disease?

A

Evidence of extensive ileal involvement, extensive intestinal resections, enterocolic fistulas and stricutres leading to small intestine bacterial overgrowth that may develop significant and occasionally devestating malabsorbtion

19
Q

What does crohn’s disease present with?

A

Abdominal pain and diarrhoea, fever and weight loss, abdominal tenderness most clasically in the RLQ

20
Q

How is crohn’s disease diagnosed?

A

Endocscopy, barium imaging of the small bowel mucosal disease including strictures, ulcerations and fistulae. CT and MRI

21
Q

How is crohn’s disease treated?

A

Steroids, immunosuppresants, axathioprine 6-MP, biological therapy (anti-TNF)

22
Q

What is an example of a parisitic infection that can lead to malabsorbtion?

A

Giardia lamblia

23
Q

What do parasitic infections present with?

A

Diarrhoea, flactulence, abdominal cramps, epigastric pain and nausea. Can experience vomiting, significant malabsorbtion with steatorrhea and weight loss

24
Q

How are parasitic infections diagnosed?

A

Stool examination for ova and parasites

25
Q

How are parasitic infections treated?

A

Metrondiazole

26
Q

What bugs can cause small bowel bacterial overgrowth?

A

E.coli or bacteroides

27
Q

How is small bowel bacterial overgrowth diagnosed?

A

Evidence of diverticula, fistulas and strictures related to crohn’s disease, bypass surgeries with a functional status

28
Q

How can small bowel bacterial overgrowth be diagnosed?

A

Low coalbamin levels adn high folate levels

29
Q

What is the treatment for small bowel bacterial overgrowth?

A

Surgical correction of an anatomical blind loop, tetracyclines for 2/3 weeks

30
Q

What are common GI symptoms?

A

Diarrhoea
Abdominal swelling
Oedema
Low mood

31
Q

What is important to check in PMH for malabsorbtion?

A

Gastric or small bowel resection
GI diverstion
Radiation exposure
Travel

32
Q

What are important features to a malabsobtion examination?

A

Easy bruising
Vitamin C deficiency (scurvy), vitamin K deficiency
Skin - acrodermatitis enteropathica, dermatitis herptetiforms
Glossitis and angular stomatitis
Spooning of nails

33
Q

What baseline investigations should be done to determine malabsorbtion?

A 
FBC
Coagulation 
LFTs
Albumin 
Calcium/Mg
Stool culture
34
Q

What anatomic investigations can be done?

A

Endoscopy

Imaging

GI (42 decks)

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