Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

GI > Diseases of the small bowel and appendix > Flashcards

Diseases of the small bowel and appendix Flashcards

1
Q

What can cause small bowel obstruction?

A

Fluid, gas ischaemia, perforation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What will obstruction present with?

A 
Absolute constipation 
Vomiting
Colicky, central pain
Burping
Abdominal distension
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the 3 types of obstruction?

A

Within the lumen (gallstone, food, bezoar)
Within the wall (tumour, crohn’s, radiation)
Outisde the wall (adhesions, herniation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is borborygmi?

A

A rumbing or gurgling noise made by the movement of fluid and gas in the intestines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What investigations should be carried out for a suspected small bowel obstruction?

A 
Urinalysis
Bloods
Gases
AXR
Contrast CT
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is drip and suck?

A

ABC
Analgeisa
Fluids with potassium - patients usually hypokalaemia and alkalotic
Catheterise
NG tube
Antithromboembolism measures - ted stockings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

When should surgical intervention be used for obstruction?

A

Hernias
Strangulation
Perforation
Ischaemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What can cause mesenteric ischaemia?

A

Embolus, thrombosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What can cause chornic mesenteric ischaemia?

A

SMA
Cramps like angina of the guts
Atherosclerosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Why will the colon live when there is mesenteric ischaemia?

A

Due to the marginal artery of drummond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What can cause an embolus?

A

AF, formed in left atrium and will stick in narrow SMA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Why will thrombosis occur in accordance with virchows triad?

A

Dehydration
Hypercoguable due to unwell state
Compression
Vasoconstricting drugs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How is mesenteric ischaemia diagnosed?

A 
Pain out of proporiton to clinical findings
Metabolic acidosis
Elevated lactate
Normal CRP 
WCC raised slightl
CT angiogram
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How is mesenteric ischaemia treated?

A

Quickly
Resect if non-viable
Re-anastomose or staple and planned return
SMA embolectomy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What can cause haemorrhage in the small bowel?

A

Vascular malformations

Ulcerations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is meckel’s diverticulum?

A

Remnant of the omphalomesenteric duct - gut separates in embryo but the bud can sometimes stay
Cells at tip of meckel’s diverticulum are gastric in origin so can produce acid

17
Q

What are some common complications of meckel’s diverticulum?

A

Bleed
Ulcerate
Obstruction
Malignant change

18
Q

Where can meckel’s diverticulum be found?

A

2 feet from IC valve
2% of population
Presents before 2 years of age

19
Q

What is the aetiology of appendicitis?

A 
No unfiying hypothesis
Obstruction of the lumen with faecolith 
Bacterial 
Viral 
Parasites
20
Q

What is the pathology of appendicitis?

A 
Hugh variation in macroscopic disease 
Lumen may or more not be occluded
Mucosal inflammation 
Lymphoid hyperplasia
Obstruction 
Build up of mucus and exudate
Venous obstruction 
Ischaemia.. bacterial invasion through wall
Perforation 
Phelgmonous mass
21
Q

What are the classical symptoms of appendicitis?

A 
Central pain that migrates to  RIF
Anorexia 
Nausea
One or two vomits
Ileus
Pelvic pain 
Mild pyrexia
Mild tachycardia
Involulntary guarding
22
Q

What are the differential diagnoses for appendicitis?

A 
Gastroentertisi
Mesenteric adenitis
Mecjel's diverticulum
Intusseption 
Henoch-schonlein purpura
Lobar pneumonia
23
Q

How is appendicitis investigated?

A 
Clinical diganosis
USS useful in women and kids
AXR to exclud other causes
Bloods (CRP, WCC) 
Urinalysis to ensure not UTI or ectopic pregnancy
24
Q

How is appendicitis managed?

A 
Analgesia
Antipyretics
Theatre
Antibiotics
Appendicectomy
25
Q

What are complications of an appendectomy?

A 
Pelvic abscess
Wound infection 
Intra-abdominal abscess
Ileus 
Respiratory 
DVT/PE
Portal pyaemia
Faecal fistula
Adhesions 
Right sided inguinal hernia

GI (42 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions