Pathology I - Cardiac Flashcards
A ruptured brain aneurysm will result in a hemmorage where?
subarachonoid
Other than exertion what else can trigger Angiana Pectoralis?
strong emotion
What is the cause of Angina Pectoralis?
inadequate blood flow and oxygenation of the heart muscle due to coronary artery disease (MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA)
What occurs at predictable levels of exertion, exercise, or stress and responsds to rest or nitroglycerin?
Stable Angina
what is usually more intense, lasts longer, is precipitated by less exertion, occurs spontaneously at rest, is progressive?
Unstable Angina
What occurs do to coronary artery spasm?
Prinzmetal (variant) angina
When is transport to the nearest emergency center indicated for someone with Angina Pectoralis?
angina is not relieved by termination of activity or by 3 sublingual nitroglycerin tablets (taken every 5 minutes)
What is the recommended rating on the angina scale to cease activity during inpatient and outpatient caridac rehab?
1/4
Angina is a symptom of what?
myocardial ischemia
What is typically seen on an ECG to diagnose individuals with angina pectoris and what dos this indicate?
Inverted T-Wave indicating myocardial ischemia
What is surgical removal of part of the inner lining of an artery, together with any obstructive deposits, most often carried out on the carotid artery or on vessels supplying the leg in order to treat atherosclerosis?
Endarterectomy
What are the 3 types of cardiomyopathy?
- Dilated
- Hypertrophic
- Restrictive
What condition results from malfunctioning valves creating venous incompetenece that allows blood to pool within the vessels causing venous hypertension?
Chronic Venous Insufficiency
What are 5 congenital heart defects?
- Atrial Septal Defect (ASD)
- Coarctation of aorta
- Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)
- Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)
- Tetraology of Fallot
What is the term for a hole in the heart separating the right and left atria?
Atrial Septal Defect
What heart defect is a result of narrowing of the aorta near the ductus arteriosus?
Coarctation of the Aorta
What are 3 symptoms noted in infants shortly after birth that have severe narrowing with Coarctation of the Aorta?
- pale skin
- sweating
- shortness of breath
What congenital heart defect occurs when the ductus arteriosus does not close after birth?
What is the ductus aretrious function in the fetus?
Patent Ductus Arteriosus
Function is to shunt blood from pulmonary artery directly to the descending aorta (bypassing lungs)
What are 2 major complications of a PDA (patent ductus arteriosus)?
pulmonary hypertension and heart failure
What is a hole in the septum separating the right and left ventricles?
This causes blood to be pumped where?
Ventricular Septal Defect (VSD)
too much blood will be pumped to the lungs, leading to heart failure
Tetraology of Fallot is a combination of what 4 heart defects?
- ventricular septal defect (VSD)
- pulmonary stenosis
- right ventricular hypertrophy
- aorta overriding the ventricular septal defect
What is the Cardinal symptoms of Cor Pulmonale?
Shortness of breath
What is Cor Pulmonale also known as?
RIGHT sided heart failure
What condition is typically a chronic condition resulting from longterm hypertension in the pulmonary arteries?
Cor Pulmonale AKA right sided heart failure
What are functional deficits of the heart with Cor Pulmonale?
right ventricle is unable to effectively pump blood due to prolonged presence of pulmonary hypertension and increased right ventricular afterload
What is inflammation of the endothelium that lines the heart and cardiac valves and is caused by bacteria that enters the blood?
Endocarditis
