Lung Volumes/Capacities and Pulmonary Function Tests Flashcards
What is the volume of air that occupies the non-respiratory conducting airways?
Anatomic Dead Space
What is the maximal volume of air that can be exhaled after a normal tidal exhalation?
What percent of total lung volume?
Expiratory Reserve Volume
15% of total lung volume
What is the maximal volume of air exhaled in a specified period of time (1st, 2nd, 3rd second)?
Force Expiratory Volume
What is the volume of air expired during a forced maximal expiration after a force maximal inspiration?
Forced Vital Capacity
FVC = TV + IRV + ERV
What is teh volume o fair in the lungs after normal exhalation?
What percent of total lung volume?
Functional Residual Capacity
40% of total lung volume
What is the maximal amount of air that can be inspired after normal tidal volume inspiration?
What percent of lung volume?
Inspiratory Capacity (IC)
IC = TV + IRV
60% of total lung volume
What is the maximal volume of air that can be inspired after a normal tidal volume inspiration?
Total lung volume percent?
Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)
50% of total lung volume
What is the volume of air expired in one minute and how is calculated?
Minute Ventilation Volume
VE = TV x RR(respiratory rate)
What is the maximum flow of air during the beginning of a forced expiratory manuever?
Peak Expiratory flow
What is the volume of gas remaining in the lungs at the end of a maximal expiration?
What percent of total lung volume?
Residual Volume
25% of total lung volume
What is the total volume inspired and expired each breath during normal quiet breathing
what percent of lung volume?
tidal volume
10% of total lung volume
What is the volume of air in lungs after a maximal inspiration?
total lung volume
100%
What is the volume change that occurs between max inspiration and max expiration?
What percent of total lung volume?
Vital Capacity
75% of total lung volume
What percent of total lung volume is?
- ERV
- IRV
- FRC
- VC
- RV
- IC
- TV
- TLC
- ERV: 15
- IRV: 50
- FRC: 40
- VC: 75
- RV: 25
- IC: 60
- TV: 10
- TLC : 100
how is functional residual capacity calculated?
FRC = ERV + RV
how is inspiratory capacity calculated?
IC = TV + IRV
How is total lung capacity calculated?
TLC = RV + VC
OR
TLC = FRC + IC
How is vital capacity calculated?
VC = TV + IRV + ERV
Label all of the following on a Spirogram
- ERV
- IRV
- FRC
- VC
- RV
- IC
- TV
- TLC
pg. 399
What type of testing measures the volume or flow of air during inhalation and expiration and includes measurements of forced vital capacity (FVC), peak expiratory flow (PEF), forced expiratory volume in first second (FEV1) etc?
Pulmonary Function Tests
Subjects exhale for how long with pulmonary function tests?
6 seconds
Obstructive ventilatory impairments are observed with the following changes to…
- expiratory flows
- FEV1/FVC
- max air flow compared to max volume displaced from lungs
- decreased expiratory flow
- FEV1/FVC < 70%
- disproportionate reduction of max air flow compared to max volume displaced from lungs
What are 3 pathologies associated with obstructive ventilatory impairments?
- Asthma
- Emphysema
- chronic bronchitis
Restrictive ventilatory impairment is characterized by what….
- lung volumes and expiratory flow rates
- FVC and FEV1/FVC
- reduced lung volumes (TLC, RVC, and FEV1) and normal expiratory flow rates
- FVC is reduced and FEV1/FVC is normal or >80%
What pathologies include restrictive lung disease?
Interstitial lung disease, pleural diseases, chest wall deformities, obesity, pregnancy, neuromuscular disease, tumor
