Pathology

Question 1

Radiculopathy

Answer 1

Altered function of a nerve root

Question 2

Myelopathy

Answer 2

Altered function of the Sprinal Cord

• either trauma or inflammatory (myelitis)
• can be spinal cord compression or encephalitis

Question 3

Neuropathy

Answer 3

Any conviction that effects the nervous system

-usually pathology of CNS or PNS

Question 4

Myopathy

Answer 4

Muscle tissue pathology

Question 5

Congenital Pathology

Answer 5

Developed during embryo

Question 6

Acquired

Answer 6

Developed Over time

Question 7

Iatrogenic Pathology

Answer 7

Physician induced

Question 8

Idiopathic

Answer 8

No known cause of pathology

Question 9

Etiology

Answer 9

Cause of the disorder

Question 10

Intervertebral Disc Degeneration

Answer 10

Can be effected by decreased permeability
Proteoglycans responsible for hydration of disc can decrease
Collage can suffer fragmentation

Question 11

Vertebral Bodies Degeneration

Answer 11

Cancellous Bone inside the body can change

Question 12

Facet Joint Degeneration

Answer 12

Only true join in spinal chord, synovial fluid around it

Posterior load bearing structure, as disks degenerate, load transferred to them which they’re not able to handle

Question 13

Muscle and Ligament Degeneration

Answer 13

Muscles weaken, puts more stress on ligaments

Lead to premature spine disk degeneration, compression fractures, and spinal stenosis

Question 14

Disk Degeneration

Answer 14

1. Nuclear and annual fibers hard to distinguish
2. Increased collagen content with disc
3. Decreased cellular and metabolic activity
4. Low vascular it’s makes annulus vulnerable to tears irritating the nerves

Question 15

Biomechanical change

Answer 15

One disc degenerating causes uneven load across spine, inflammation causes spine to lean forward

Question 16

Instability

Answer 16

Mild to sever symptoms with no provocation

Question 17

Two Types of Spine pathology

Answer 17

Containment problems, and structural problems

Question 18

Short Pedicle Syndrome

Answer 18

Congenital, very narrow spinal canal

Question 19

Neural Tube Defect

Answer 19

Congenital, bific neural tube

Question 20

SPine Bifida Occula

Answer 20

Posterior bony elements to not complete form, weak posterior column predisposition for slippages called isthmus spodylolisthesis

Question 21

Scoliosis

Answer 21

Paraspinous muscles develop asymmetrically, causing spine to develop curve

Question 22

Subsidence

Answer 22

Iatrogenic, settling or collapsing hardware causing structure damage and collapse of cortical bone

Question 23

Instability

Answer 23

Can result from surgical decompression

Question 24

Spinal Stenosis

Answer 24

Narrowing of opening of spinal column

Question 25

Achondroplastic

Answer 25

Increased vertebral thickness, Concavity of soma, short pedicles

Question 26

Constitutional

Answer 26

Congenital variance

Question 27

Degenerative

Answer 27

Gradual hypertrophy of vertebral body margins, facet joins, ligamentum flavum

Question 28

Combine

Answer 28

Mid sagittal diameter ?

Question 29

Neurogenic Claudication

Answer 29

Cause of pain in Spinal Stenosis is nerve compression

Question 30

Vascular Claudication

Answer 30

If circulation is the issue in Spinal Stenosis

Question 31

Degeneration

Answer 31

Bulge of nucleus pulposis within the annulus fibrosis

Question 32

Protrusion/prolapse

Answer 32

Displaced nuclear material within disc creates a bulge in the annulus

Question 33

Extrusion

Answer 33

Displaced nucleus material reaches spinal cord through the Annulus Fibrosis, materials are still attached to disc

Question 34

Sequestration

Answer 34

Material from Nucleus pulposis is free of the disc through the annulus fibrosis in fragments

Question 35

Reason Intervertebral discs don’t degenerate quickly or heal properly

Answer 35

Lack of proper blood to restore it, avascular so all nutrition must be absorbed through vertebral endplates

Question 36

Scoliosis

Answer 36

Curvature of the spine on the sagittal plane

Question 37

Neuromuscular Scoliosis

Answer 37

Caused by neural pathways of the body, progression more frequently, can be debilitating

Question 38

Idiopathic Scoliosis

Answer 38

Infantile, 0-3 Juvenile, 4-10 Adolescent; 10-13

Question 39

Kyphosis

Answer 39

Forward rounding of upper back

Question 40

Postural Kyphosis

Answer 40

Bad posture, accompanied w/ hyper lordosis of the lower back

Question 41

Schenermann’s kyphosis;

Answer 41

10-15, caused by deformed vertebrae

Question 42

Congenital Kyphosis

Answer 42

Back doesn’t develop properly in the womb