Nervous System

Question 1

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Answer 1

Brain and Spinal Chord

Question 2

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

Answer 2

Cranial nerves and Spine nerve roots

Question 3

Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)

Answer 3

Originates in Choroid plexus, baths cell of CNS
Flows through central cerebrospinal canal of spinal cord
Returns to the the brain through veins?

Question 4

Meninges

Answer 4

3 sheets of connective tissue, covers brain and spinal cord

Question 5

Dura Mater

Answer 5

Sheet of meninges nearest to bones and inside of skull

Question 6

Arachnoid

Answer 6

Sheet of Meninges in middle

Question 7

Pia Mater

Answer 7

Inner CSF filled area

Question 8

Subarachnoid space

Answer 8

Area between pia mater and arachnoid

Question 9

Spinal Cord

Answer 9

Cased by vertebrae, runs from skull to L1

Question 10

Conus Medullaris

Answer 10

Near L1-L2 where the cauda equine begins and Spinal cord ends

Question 11

Caude Equina

Answer 11

Horses tail

Bundle of spinal nerves encased in NSF that extends from L1-L2 to coccyx

Question 12

Number of nerve pairs in spine

Answer 12

31, each with two different types of nerves

Question 13

Sensory Nerves (afferent)

Answer 13

Transmit messages from PNS to the brain

Dorsal root located on posterior of the spine

Question 14

Dorsal Root Ganglion (DRG)

Answer 14

Bundle of nerves at each level, controls inflow of sensory nerves

Question 15

Proprioceptors

Answer 15

Transmit info from stretch receptors in muscles and inner ear about position and balance

Question 16

Nocireceptors

Answer 16

Sensory nerves ending in skin and joints and muscles that detect harmful stimuli

Question 17

Motor Nerves

Answer 17

Signals from brain to muscles causing them to react

Ventral nerve roots located on anterior side of spine

Question 18

White matter

Answer 18

Impulse travel rapidly along myelinated nerves

Question 19

Grey Matter

Answer 19

Contains masses of nerve cells bodies and dendriles, as well as synapses

• posterior grey matter of the spinal cord (dorsal horn) receives input from peripheral nerves via dorsal root ganglia
• afferent nerve pathways

Question 20

Neurons

Answer 20

Nerve cell comprised of

• cell body (soma)
• dendrites(sends stimuli toward cell body)
• axons (away from cell body)
• cell between axons and neighboring cell/dendrite is called synapse

Question 21

Autonomic Nerves

Answer 21

Controls autonomic functions that are not under conscious control

Question 22

Sympathetic nervous system

Answer 22

Responds to immediate danger; increases heart rate and blood pressure

Question 23

Parasympathetic nervous system

Answer 23

Produces relaxation and calm in digestion

Question 24

Enteric nervous system

Answer 24

manages digestion

Question 25

Nerve roots

Answer 25

31 Pairs, exit spinal cord through inter verbal forma

• 8 in cervical spine
• 12 in thoracic spine
• 5 in lumbar spine

Question 26

Dermatome

Answer 26

Single spinal nerve that covers an area of skin, able to be used to diagnose spine issues

Question 27

Plexus

Answer 27

Bundle of nerves that control a particular area

Question 28

Brachial Plexus

Answer 28

Highly organized system of nerve muscles, controls transverse neck, arm control and sensation

Question 29

Lumbar Plexus

Answer 29

Forms Lumbosacral Plexus

Formed by ventral divisions of first four lumbar nerves (L1-L4) and from contributions of subcostal nerve (T12)

Question 30

Primary afferent fibers (PAF)

Answer 30

First order of afferent receptors to take in input

Question 31

Dorsal Root Ganglia

Answer 31

PNS, second order of afferent nerves, extensions into the dorsal horn of the spinal cord

Question 32

Thalamus

Answer 32

All sensory input minus smell is projected from spinal cord to it before going to cerebral cortex

Question 33

Acute Pain

Answer 33

Short lived and temporary, easy to pinpoint
Serves a purpose
Most intense at first

Question 34

Chronic Pain

Answer 34

Begins gradually
Varies in intensity from mild to severe
Can occur sporadically
Has no purpose