Biomaterials Flashcards
Fundamentals of Bone Tissue
Structural Support Protection of Vital Organs Environment for Bone Marrow Mineral Reservoir Movement
Bone Breakdown
Inorganic, 67% -Hydroxyapatite, mostly minerals that give bone strength Organic, 33% -28% collagen -5% noncollagenous protein
Stem Cells
Can multiply into other stem cells or differentiate into different cells
Osteoclasts
Resort old bones, come from Hematopoietic Stem Cells
Osteoblasts
Build new bone, come from mesenchymal stem cells, differentiate from osteoprogenitor cells
Osteocytes
Osteoblasts trapped in new bone structure, mature bone cells
Bone Remodeling
Activiation; Osteoprogenitors diff. Into osteoblasts to build new one
Resorption; Osteoclasts break down old bone
Formation; Osteoblasts build new bone matrix
Mineralization: osteoblasts trapped in new matrix as osteocytes, mineral content increases
Bone Grafts
Fix problems with joints due to trauma, age, etc
Grown bone around devices
Fill void where bone is absent
Promote spinal fusion
Bone graft healing
- Bone graft place in contact with bleeding (roughened ) bone
- Cells and blood vessels penetrate graft
- Bone formation begins at endplates through graft (creeping substitution)
- Osteoclasts and osteoblasts remake fusion mass into load bearing cortical bone
Osteogenic
Cells that differentiate into bone forming cells
-Autograph, bone marrow aspirate (BMA) mesenchymal stem cells
Osteoconductive
Scaffold for cells
-autograft, allograft, collagen, ceramics
Osteoinductive
- contains material that induces stem cells to differentiate into osteoblasts
- autograft, growth factors, BMPs, DMB
Osteostimulative
Accelerates bone formation
-active bone formation