Pathology #1 Flashcards by lindsay crouse

A patient presents with moderate RLQ pain and a low grade fever. An US exam of the area demonstrates a 7mm thick aperistaltic tube that is noncompressible. Which of the following best describes the findings?

appendicitis
Crohn disease
intussusception
varicocele

appendicitis

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Primary sclerosing cholangitis is usually seen in patients with:

pancreatic head mass
HIV infection
ulcerative colitis
biliary ascariasis

ulcerative colitis

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What is the most common retroperitoneal mass?

rhabdomyosarcoma
fibroma
liposarcoma
myxoma

liposarcoma - malignant fatty mass

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Which of the following is NOT required when reporting a suspected hernia?

tenderness at the area of interest
suspected age of the hernia
contents of the hernia sac
reducibility

suspected age of the hernia

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A doctor refers an infant for a chest ultrasound exam due to a history of a chest mass seen in the left lobe on x-ray. You identify a well defined hypoechoic mass in the area of interest. Color Doppler demonstrates arterial supply to the mass from a branch of the AO. These findings are most suggestive of:

hemothorax
pneumonia
pulmonary sequestration
atelectasis

pulmonary sequestration

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Malignant ascites is described as:

anechoic fluid with free-floating bowel loops
hyperechoic fluid with septations
anechoic fluid with free-floating bowel loops and septations
complex fluid collection with matted bowel loops

malignant ascites = complex fluid collection with matted bowel loops

benign ascites = anechoic fluid with free-floating bowel

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Ascites is usually associated with all of the following, EXCEPT:

CHF
hepatoma
renal failure
oncocytoma

oncocytoma

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An enlarged, rounded lymph node with loss of hilar definition is most suggestive of associated ___, while an enlarged, oval lymph node with normal hilar characteristics is most suggestive of associated ___.

malignancy, infection
infection, malignancy
viral infection, bacterial infection
bacterial infection, viral infection

malignancy, infection

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An incidentaloma is:

an aggressive splenic carcinoma
an unexpected mass on an imaging exam
always a critical finding
an aggressive adrenal carcinoma

an unexpected mass on an imaging exam

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___ is the most common malignant neoplasm found in the prostate.

adenocarcinoma
transitional zone sarcoma
metastasis
central zone sarcoma

adenocarcinoma

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What causes symptoms in a patient with carpal tunnel syndrome?

impingement of the median nerve
impingement of the palmar arch
impingement of the ulnar nerve
impingement of the radial nerve

impingement of the median nerve

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What is the most significant complication of a hernia?

ascites
lymphadenopathy
recanalization of the umbilical vein
strangulation

strangulation - if bowel becomes strangulated, infarction can occur

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The arrow on the attached image demonstrates:

ascites in the perirenal space
ascites in the subphrenic space
ascites in the subhepatic space
ascites in the paracolic gutter

ascites in the paracolic gutter

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You identify free fluid above the right diaphragm that contains internal debris and septations. The fluid collection has a honeycomb appearance. These findings are most suggestive of:

exudative pleural effusion
pneumothorax
transudative pleural effusion
hemothorax

exudative pleural effusion

**transudative pleural effusions don’t have septations

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Bilateral ureteral obstruction can be caused by?

retroperitoneal fibrosis
splenic varices
RCC of the left kidney
liver mass in the posterior right lobe

retroperitoneal fibrosis

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What is the primary reason a retroperitoneal lymph node dissection (RLND) is performed?

to determine if systemic chemotherapy is needed
to determine the extent of a systemic infection
to prevent lymphocele formation on an upcoming renal transplant
to evaluate the lymph tissue for functionality

to determine if systemic chemotherapy is needed

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Which of the following is the most likely cause of the findings on the image of abdomen?

trauma
metastasis
primary malignancy
metastasis and primary malignancy

trauma

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Which zone of the prostate has the highest risk for carcinoma development?

transitional
stromal
peripheral
central

peripheral (70%)

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All of the following are signs of pyloric stenosis, EXCEPT:

cervix
olive
doughnut
McBurney

McBurney

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Which of the following describes how to differentiate a ventral hernia from diastasis recti?

ventral hernias are a focal weakening on the abdomen wall, diastasis recti is a diffuse defect of the abdominal wall

ventral hernias have an associated fascial defect, but there is no defect with diastasis recti

ventral hernias require an increase in abdominal pressure for visualization, diastasis recti is best visualized with the patient relaxed

ventral hernias never contain bowel loops, diastasis recti always contain bowel loops

ventral hernias have an associated fascial defect, but there is no defect with diastasis recti

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What penile structure is usually fractured with penile trauma?

corpus spongiosum
glans penis
corpus cavernosum
pampiniform plexus

corpus cavernosum

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Bacterial infection, internal bleeding and viral infection typically share what ultrasound finding?

retroperitoneal fibrosis
free air in the peritoneal cavity
abscess formation
ascites with debris/septations

ascites with debris/septations

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The diaphragm sign, displaced crus sign, and bare area sign are indicative of what abnormality?

pneumonia
diaphragmatic hernia
pleural effusion
ascites

pleural effusion

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Which of the following statements is true regarding rectus sheath hematomas?

linea alba stops the blood from spreading into the pelvis

an acute hematoma will appear hyperechoic compared to surrounding tissues

arcuate line stops the blood from extending across the midline

coumadin therapy is a common cause for hematoma formation

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Which of the following is a common cause of exudate pleural effusion? cirrhosis kidney failure malignancy CHF

malignancy **exudate fluid is usually related to malignancy, lupus, pneumonia, and tuberculosis

The ___ zone is the prostate zone most commonly affected by BPH. peripheral central paraprostatic transitional

transitional

Loculated fluid in the abdomen usually ___, while free fluid in the abdomen will ___. fills spaces around structures, displaces adjacent structures displaces adjacent structures, fills spaces around structures indicates a benign process, indicate a malignant process is resorbed over time by the body, require a paracentesis to remove the fluid

displaces adjacent structures, fills spaces around structures

Adrenal gland hemorrhage: in adults is usually related to trauma or hematologic disorders, such as thrombocytopenia is very rare because the adrenal glands are hypovascular fatty organs is associated with very high hematocrit levels is most commonly seen in patients over 70 years of age

in adults is usually related to trauma or hematologic disorders, such as thrombocytopenia

Which of the following is true regarding pyloric stenosis? abnormal muscle thickness >4mm more common in females presents as a short thick pyloric canal abnormal channel length >1mm

abnormal muscle thickness >4mm

Which image demonstrates a lipoma?

top left = benign mass with lobulated borders top right = lipoma bottom left = hematoma in rectus abdominis muscle bottom right = spigelian hernia

A 3 year old is scanned due to vomiting and a palpable lump in the abdomen. These findings are most suggestive of: intussusception biliary ascaris pyloric stenosis appendicitis

intussusception

A 50 year old male presents with RLQ pain, watery diarrhea and a low grade fever. The ultrasound exam demonstrates a prominent lymph node in the area of pain and the image below was also obtained at the area of pain. These findings are most consistent with: colitis irritable bowel syndrome intussusception appendicitis

colitis

Which of the following is most likely to be confused with a breast carcinoma? multiple fibroadenomas in both breast single 5cm fibroadenoma in the breast fat necrosis after breast surgery sebaceous cyst

fat necrosis after breast surgery

Which of the following is an expected sonographic characteristic of prostatitis? homogenous gland solid hypoechoic mass diffuse hypervascularity atrophied gland

diffuse hypervascularity

Which of the following is true regarding the image of the RUQ of a neonate? the pylorus is thickened and the stomach is demonstrated medially the pylorus is thickened with an adjacent solid mass the pylorus and the stomach are both demonstrated normally on the image the pylorus is not thickened but there is a fluid collection seen in the stomach

the pylorus is thickened and the stomach is demonstrated medially

When diaphragmatic paralysis is suspected, the diaphragmatic thickness should be measured during inspiration and expiration the patient should be evaluated for free air in the abdomen the patient should be evaluated for free air in the chest thick linear calcifications form in the affected side

the diaphragmatic thickness should be measured during inspiration and expiration ** thickening should occur during inspiration

The diaphragm sign, displaced crus sign, and bare are sign are indicative of what abnormality? ascites pleural effusion pneumonia diaphragmatic hernia

pleural effusion

Which of the following is caused by a pituitary tumor? myelolipoma conn syndrome cushing disease adrenal hemorrhage

cushing disease

What type of hernia is a delayed complication of upper abdominal surgery? indirect inguinal hernia direct inguinal hernia amyand hernia incisional hernia

incisional hernia

___ refers to a collection of serous fluid in the popliteal fossa Baker cyst ganglion cyst arthroma Thomposon cyst

Baker cyst

Which portion of the GI tract contains numerous valvulae conniventes that cause a feathery appearance of the structure on ultrasound? ileum duodenum jejunum ilium

jejunum

A 50 year old male presents with paraumbilical pain and a palpable mass. That findings on the image are most suggestive of: a large rectus sheath lipoma a large rectus sheath hematoma abdominal wall hernia with no bowel protrusion abdominal wall hernia with bowel protrusion

abdominal wall hernia with bowel protrusion

The ___ zone is the prostate zone most commonly affected by malignancy. peripheral transitional central paraprostatic

peripheral

What is a epiploic appendagitis? another term to describe Crohn disease inflammation of the thick fatty strands that attach to the serosal surface of the colon a fatal type of diverticulitis perforated appendix with pericolic fluid

inflammation of the thick fatty strands that attach to the serosal surface of the colon

Which of the following statements is true regarding retroperitoneal lymph nodes? both normal and abnormal lymph nodes exhibit mild posterior shadowing normal lymph nodes exhibit posterior enhancement abnormal lymph nodes exhibit posterior enhancement a lymph node is considered abnormally enlarged once it reaches a maximum dimension of 3 cm

abnormal lymph nodes exhibit posterior enhancement

Which of the following sonographic "signs" is displayed on the image? murphy olive sandwich double barrel

sandwich

___ is acute symptomatic inflammation of a tendon, while ___ refers to asymptomatic degenerative changes in the tendon. tendonitis, tendinosis sprain tear tear, sprain tendinosis, tendinitis

tendonitis, tendinosis

The most common cause of small bowel obstruction in adults is ___. The most common cause of small bowel obstruction in an infant is ___. adhesions, intussusception bezoars, pyloric stenosis diverticulitis, pyloric stenosis extrinsic compression by pelvic mass, intussusception

adhesions, intussusception

___ is one of the most common surgical procedure in the US and most patients are males, less than 1 years old. herniorrhaphy nephrectomy cholecystectomy appendectomy

herniorrhaphy (hernia repair)

Priapism is an abnormality of the urinary bladder the penis the prostate the testicles

the penis

The findings on the images are most suggestive of what penile abnormality? penile fracture penile cancer priaprism peyronie disease

peyronie disease - causes development of scar tissue and fibrous plaque formation that usually involves the tunica albuginea

The image demonstrates a coronal view of the LUQ. Where is free fluid documented on the image? subphrenic space and splenorenal space subphrenic space and pleural space subhepatic space and pleural space subphrenic space and paracolic gutter

subphrenic space and pleural space

Which of the following describes carpal tunnel syndrome? damage to the median nerve by chronic compression between the metacarpal bones of the palm damage to the cartilage between the carpal bones of the wrist causing swelling and pain with motion compression of the median nerve by the carpal sheath causing numbness, weakness and pain compression of the blood vessels as they enter/exit the wrist causing thrombus formation and emboli

compression of the median nerve by the carpal sheath causing numbness, weakness and pain

Which of the following statements is correct regarding hernias? herniorrhaphy is the most common surgical procedure performed on post-partum females most hernias are closed using a skin graft taken from the opposite groin varicose vein formation is the most significant complications of a hernia patients with one hernia should be evaluated for other types of ipsilateral and contralateral groin or anterior abdominal hernias

patients with one hernia should be evaluated for other types of ipsilateral and contralateral groin or anterior abdominal hernias

Which of the following is not an expected finding with adrenal myelolipoma? increased echogenicity compared to adrenal and renal cortical tissues comet tail artifacts attenutation artifacts propagation speed artifacts

comet tail artifacts

Corpora amylacea is a benign condition of what organ? prostate kidneys liver spleen

prostate

A patient with a history of Conn disease presents for an abdomen ultrasound exam. Two 1cm round hypoechoic tumors are identified in the left adrenal gland. These findings are most suggestive of: aldosteronomas adenomas abscess formation myelolipomas

aldosteronomas

Which of the following foreign body types is better visualized on sonography than with radiography? rose thorn glass broken needle gravel

rose thorn

Where is the most common location for the occurrence of retroperitoneal fibrosis? at the level of the renal arteries at the lateral borders of the kidneys at the level of the aortic bifurcation adjacent to the diaphragm surrounding AO

at the level of the aortic bifurcation

What is one of the most common findings on a transrectal ultrasound in prostatitis? heterogenous gland with hypovascularity homogeneous gland with hypovascularity multiple macrocalcifications hypoechoic halo at the periurethral area

hypoechoic halo at the periurethral area **heterogenous peripheral gland with a hypoechoic halo at the periurethral area, hypervascularity

What congenital defect presents as a blind-ended, fluid filled bowel loop connected to a normal peristalsing small bowel loop? appendicitis pyloric stenosis epiploic appendagitis Meckel diverticulum

Meckel diverticulum ** most common congenital anomaly of the GI tract

Pyloric stenosis is diagnosed when the muscle wall thickness exceeds: 6mm 2mm 8mm 4mm

4mm

Which of the following correctly describes a mechanical bowel obstruction? functional obstruction is much more common than mechanical obstruction adhesions are the most common cause of mechanical obstruction in adults paralysis of the wall muscles inhibit peristalsis and the progression of the luminal contents best evaluated by US after patient drinks at least 32oz of water

adhesions are the most common cause of mechanical obstruction in adults

The SMA is identified to the right of the SMV in a patient with acute abdomen symptoms. What should you suspect? normal anatomy intussusception pyloric stenosis midgut malrotation

midgut malroation

Which of the following correctly describes myelolipoma? adrenal tumor that is composed of fat and bony elements originate in the adrenal medulla may see varied levels of attenuation lateral to the mass hypoechoic mass with extensive posterior enhancement

adrenal tumor that is composed of fat and bony elements **originates in the adrenal cortex

All of the following correctly describe a mechanical bowel obstruction, EXCEPT: physical impediment to the progression of the luminal contents adhesions are the most common cause in adults best evaluated by US after patient drinks at least 32oz of water assess GI tract caliber and content

best evaluated by US after patient drinks at least 32oz of water **when mechanical obstruction is suspected, the patient should NOT consume any food or water until they have evaluated for the blockage describe location of gut loops evaluate the caliber of the segment and size of obstruction describe the contents of the segment assess peristalsis

Phelgmon formation, abscess formation, prominent pericecal fat and loculated pericecal fluid collections are sonographic findings that are most suggestive of: mononucleosis appendiceal perforation acute pancreatitis Addison disease

appendiceal perforation ** pancreatitis has similar findings but normally found in the area of the cecum

Which of the following describes a giant cell tumor of the hand? anechoic structure that demonstrates posterior shadowing moves with the adjacent tendon with flexion and extension hypoechoic structure that demonstrates posterior enhancement does not move with the adjacent tendon with flexion and extension

does not move with the adjacent tendon with flexion and extension **hypoechoic mass with NO enhancement

Where is the rectus sheath hematoma on the image?

What is identified on the longitudinal intercostal image of the liver? pleural effusion and ascites renal failure pleural effusion and renal failure pleural effusion

pleural effusion and ascites

Acute pain in the RLQ is commonly associated with ___, while acute pain in the LLQ is commonly associated with ___. diverticulitis, IBS appendicitis, cecal colitis appendicitis, IBS appendicitis, diverticulitis

appendicitis, diverticulitis

A patient presents with right groin pain. You identify a hernia sac medial to the common femoral vein. What type of hernia is present? umbilical direct inguinal spigelian femoral

femoral

Which of the following is a common cause of transudate pleural effusion? CHF malignancy tuberculosis pneumonia

CHF

The term used to describe the involution of the small bowel upon itself is: IBS intussusception crohn syndrome colitis

intussusception

Which of the following is not usually treated by surgical intervention? spigelian hernia intussusception pyloric stenosis appendicitis

intussusception **air or contrast is administered through the rectum to push the involuted bowel back out of the colon

A 70 year old male presents for transrectal ultrasound due to PSA level of 7ng/ml, urinary frequency and hematuria. The US exam demonstrates a 40cc prostate volume with heterogeneity and calcifications centrally. The peripheral zone appears normal. These findings are most consistent with: prostatitis BPH carcinoma of the prostate normal prostate

BPH

A patient with diastasis recti will have an increased: risk of developing HCC distance between the bladder and rectum risk of developing carpal tunnel syndrome distance between the rectus abdominis muscles

distance between the rectus abdominis muscles

All of the following correctly describe a scalp hematoma, EXCEPT: sonographic appearance varies with age of the hematoma caput succedaneum hematoma is associated with vacuum assisted delivery described by their location related to the galea aponeurosis and skull periosteum most commonly caused by motor vehicle trauma

most commonly caused by motor vehicle trauma ** hematoma due to birth trauma, most commonly causes by vacuum assisted delivery

A 2 year old presents with a swollen abdomen and pain for 3 days. The doctor suspects an intussusception is present. How will this appear on the exam? prominent focal area of concentric rings of bowel fluid filled colon with inflamed walls fluid filled colon with multiple intramural masses thickened pylorus muscle

prominent focal area of concentric rings of bowel

Which of the following is the most common cancer of the GI tract? kaposi sarcoma krukenberg tumor adenocarcinoma gastric sarcoma

adenocarcinoma

Bacterial infection, internal bleeding and viral infection typically share what abdominal ultrasound findings? retroperitoneal fibrosis abscess formation free air in the peritoneal cavity ascites with debris/septations

ascites with debris/septations

What is the sonographic appearance of pseudomyxoma peritonei? mucinous secretions and tumor formation within the lower abdomen cause bowel to be matted down against posterior abdominal wall multiple echogenic foci throughout the psoas muscle mucinous secretions and tumor formation within abdomen that cause the liver to be pushed inferiorly against the diaphragm multiple echogenic foci throughout the abdominal wall

mucinous secretions and tumor formation within the lower abdomen cause bowel to be matted down against posterior abdominal wall

Massive adrenal gland enlargement, hepatomegaly and splenomegaly are common findings in what fatal autosomal recessive disorder? Wilson disease Wolman disease Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome Marfan syndrome

Wolman disease - excessive lipid storage in the liver, spleen, and adrenal glands

What changes occur on the US image when scanning breast tissue affected by acute mastitis? dilated ductal system within normal breast tissues decreased penetration due to tissue edema improved visualization of the ductal system due to tissue edema posterior enhancement due to tissue edema

decreased penetration due to tissue edema

A hematoma of the rectus abdominis muscle that occurs below the arcuate line can extend into: pouch of Douglas the umbilicus space of Retzius Morison pouch

space of Retzius

A right sided pheochromocytoma will displace the ipsilateral kidney ___. anteriorly medially inferiorly superiorly

inferiorly

Adrenal hemorrhage is most commonly seen in ___. adults over 50 years old adults over 70 years old newborns juvenile patients with chromosomal defects

newborns

Most patients with adrenal cortical cancer have associated: Addison disease Conn disease Cushing syndrome Budd Chiari syndrome

Cushing sydrome

Which of the following correctly describes penile cancer? usually found on the proximal shaft in circumcised men most commonly demonstrates a complex cystic mass associated with inguinal lymphadenopathy most common type of penile cancer is TCC

associated with inguinal lymphadenopathy

What is identified on the TRV subcostal image of the dome of the liver? ascites/bowel pleural effusion/lung tissue ascites/large renal mass pericardial effusion

pleural effusion/lung tissue

Which statement is true regarding the image displayed? the beta angle appears less than 43 degrees and the femoral head coverage is less than 50% which indicates dislocation the infant hip appears normal with normal femoral head location within the acetebulum the alpha angle will significantly exceed 60 degrees which indicates dislocation the alpha angle appears less than 43 degrees and the femoral head coverage is less than 50% which indicates dislocation

the alpha angle appears less than 43 degrees and the femoral head coverage is less than 50% which indicates dislocation

Concentric wall thickening of the terminal ileum, hyperemia and mesenteric fatty proliferation are signs of what GI tract abnormality? colitis diverticulitis appendicitis crohn disease

Crohn disease

Which of the following is a malignant mass of the retroperitoneum that is composed of muscle tissue? rhabdomyosarcoma fibrosarcoma mesothelioma liposarcoma

rhabdomyosarcoma

The blue arrow indicates the adrenal gland in a 30 year old male with a palpable flank mass and no other related history. Which of the following best describes the findings on the image demonstrated by the red arrows? complex adrenal mass, most likely a lipoama complex renal mass extending superior to the adrenal gland, most likely medullary sponge kidney complex adrenal mass located superior to the gland, most likely cortical carcinoma dilated bowel loops posterior tot he adrenal gland, most likely an intestinal hernia

complex adrenal mass located superior to the gland, most likely cortical carcinoma

Which of the following is a common finding in hepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatic abscess formation? ascites PHTN hydatid cyst hepatoma

ascites

Where is free fluid documented on the image? pleural space subhepatic space subphrenic space paracolic gutter

pleural space ** fluid above the diaphragm in the RUQ

Retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy is an expected finding with what primary malignancy? hepatitis staghorn calculus RCC gastric carcinoma

RCC

Which of the following describes the best way to image the patellar tendon with ultrasound? the central portion of the tendon is best imaged from the posterior approach evaluate the patellar attachments from an anterior approach patient must be evaluated with the leg fully extended due to the proximity of the tendon to bone, the patellar tendon cannot be evaluated with US

evaluate the patellar attachments from an anterior approach

What is the most accurate sonographic predictor of pyloric stenosis? channel length muscle wall thickness gastric volume cross-sectional diameter

muscle wall thickness

Creeping fat is a sign of: Wilson disease mesenteric ischemia pancreatic adenocarcinoma Crohn disease

Crohn disease

Loculated ascites with echogenic debris and matted loops are most suggestive of: PHTN Budd Chiari peritoneal metastasis CHF

peritoneal metastasis

Which of the following correctly describes a pneumothorax? fluid accumulation between the visceral and parietal pleura the lung-gliding sign is not present with free air in the chest there are two types of pneumothorax, transudate and exudate ultrasound is not able to demonstrate a pneumothroax

the lung-gliding sign is not present with free air in the chest

What are the most common causes of ascites? trauma and invasive procedures urinary and biliary obstruction cirrhosis and malignancy CHF and hepatic congestion

cirrhosis and malignancy

The most common benign mass is the ___ and the most common malignant breast mass is ___. ductal carcinoma in situ, invasive ductal carcinoma acute mastitis, chronic mastitis lipoma, invasive lobular carcinoma fibroadenoma, invasive ductal carcinoma

fibroadenoma, invasive ductal carcinoma

A patient presents with a 2cm palpable reddened lump on the bottom of her foot. The patient states she accidentally stepped on a piece of broken glass. The doctor suspects there may be some glass remaining in her foot. Which of the following statements is true regarding the evaluation of this patient's foot? the radiologist should be consulted because MRI is preferred over sonography for foreign body detection inflammation usually leads to a hypoechoic ring surrounding the foreign body most foreign bodies are echogenic with significant posterior enhancement improved visualization of the foreign body occurs as the US beam, becomes more parallel to the structure

inflammation usually leads to a hypoechoic ring surrounding the foreign body

The development of scar tissue and fibrous plaque formation involving the tunica albuginea of the penis describes: squamous cell carcinoma of the penis Peyronie disease priapism penile fracture

Peyronie disease

A hernia with a narrow neck: is usually completely reducible with compression should not be evaluated with the Valsalva maneuver can be closed with compression therapy is at an increased risk for incarceration and strangulation

is at an increased risk for incarceration and strangulation

What is the key anatomic landmark in differentiating direct, indirect and spigelian hernias? inferior epigatric artery internal iliac artery rectus abdominis muscles linea alba

inferior epigastric artery direct - medial to the IEA indirect - lateral to IEA spigelian - penetrated by the IEA

A patient presents for a groin ultrasound with a history of right inguinal hernia repair 3 year ago. He's currently having right groin pain. What should you do next for this patient? because the patient had prior hernia repair in the right groin, no maneuvers are performed during imaging because the highly reflective mesh will severely limit the US exam of the right groin, no maneuvers are performed during imaging call the referring physician and get an order for an MRI because ultrasound cannot demonstrate recurrent hernias assess the edges of the mesh in the groin while the patient performs the Valsalva maneuver

assess the edges of the mesh in the groin while the patient performs the Valsalva maneuver

Most malignant tumors will demonstrate ___ flow on Doppler evaluation. increased diastolic flow reversal high resistance absent low resistance

low resistance

How can you differentiate a ganglion cyst from a giant cell tumor of the hand? giant cell tumors will move along with the adjacent tendon, ganglion cyst will not move with the adjacent tendon giant cell tumor will demonstrate posterior enhancement, ganglion cyst will not ganglion cyst will demonstrate posterior enhancement, giant cell tumor will not ganglion cyst will demonstrate posterior enhancement, giant cell tumor will demonstrate posterior shadowing

ganglion cyst will demonstrate posterior enhancement, giant cell tumor will not

Demonstration of gastrohepatic and retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy in a patient is most suggestive of: RCC lymphoma GB carcinoma IBS

lymphoma

The Achilles' tendon most commonly ruptures: at the distal insertion point about 4cm from the distal insertion point mid-tendon at the proximal insertion point

about 4cm from the distal insertion point

A 55 year old female presents with a fever, leukocytosis, and LLQ pain. She states she suffers from Crohn disease. The exam demonstrates a 2.7cm ill-defined hypoechoic mass in the LLQ that is surrounded by a small amount of ascites. There is no flow within the mass and no movement with peristalsis. These findings are most suggestive of: appendicitis intussusception abscess retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy

abscess

The image demonstrates a TRV view of the right and left side of the abdominal wall, about 5cm lateral to the umbilicus. Which of the following statements is true regarding the findings on the image? there is a heterogenous, rounded mass located within the left rectus sheath, within the muscle layers and anterior to the peritoneal lining there is a homogenous, rounded mass located within the left rectus sheath, anterior to the muscle layers and the peritoneal lining there is a heterogenous, rounded mass located within the muscle layers and posterior to the peritoneal lining on the left side the image demonstrates the normal appearance of the muscle structures of the anterior abdominal wall bilaterally

there is a heterogenous, rounded mass located within the left rectus sheath, within the muscle layers and anterior to the peritoneal lining

Which of the following describes the sonographic appearance of adrenal hyperplasia? bilateral, diffuse gland enlargement complex cystic mass formation in both glands thickened, echogenic cortex and loss of differentiation with the medulla multiple small echogenic nodules in the affected gland

bilateral, diffuse gland enlargement