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ARDMS ABD REVIEW > Liver > Flashcards

Liver Flashcards

1
Q

which benign liver mass is typically isoechoic and contains a central scar?

hepatoblastoma
cavernous hemangioma
hamartoma
focal nodular hyperplasia

A

focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH)

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2
Q

the covering of the liver is referred to as:

Glisson capsule
Gerota fascia
Morison pouch
Hepatic fascia

A

Glisson capsule

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3
Q

the left lobe of the liver can be separated from the right lobe by the:

RHV
MHV
LHV
falciform ligament

A

MHV

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4
Q

the TIPS shunt is placed:

between the MHA and MPV
between a PV and HV
between the CHD and CBD
between a PV and HA

A

between a PV and HV

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5
Q

the right lobe of the liver is divided into segments by the:

MLF
MHV
RHV
LHV

A

RHV

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6
Q

the right intersegmental fissure contains the:

RHV
MHV
LPV
RPV

A

RHV

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7
Q

the MPV divided into:

middle, left and right branches
left and right branches
anterior and posterior branches
medial and lateral branches

A

left and right branches

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8
Q

the Lig Teres can be used to separate the:

medial and lateral segments of the LLL
medial and posterior segments of the RLL
anterior and medial segments of the LLL
anterior and posterior segments of the RLL

A

medial and lateral segments of the LLL

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9
Q

the MLF contains the:

RHV
MHV
MPV
RPV

A

MHV

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10
Q

all of the following are located within the porta hepatis EXCEPT:

MPV
CBD
HA
MHV

A

MHV

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11
Q

right-sided heart failure often leads to enlargement of the:

abdominal AO
IVC and hepatic veins
IVC and porta veins
portal veins and spleen

A

IVC and hepatic veins

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12
Q

Which is typically transmitted through contaminated water found in places such as Mexico, Central America, South America, Asia, India, and Africa?

amebic liver abscess
hydatid liver cyst
candidiasis
hepatoma

A

amebic liver abscess

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13
Q

the RPV divides into:

middle, left, and right branches
left and right branches
anterior and posterior branches
medial and lateral branches

A

anterior and posterior branches

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14
Q

diameter of the PV should not exceed:

4mm
8mm
10mm
13mm

A

13mm

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15
Q

the RLL can be divided into:

medial and lateral segments
medial and posterior segments
anterior and medial segments
anterior and posterior segments

A

anterior and posterior segments

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16
Q

which is true about the portal veins?

carry deoxygenated blood away from the liver

have brighter walls than the hepatic veins

should demonstrate hepatofugal flow

increase in diameter as the approach the diaphragm

A

have brighter walls than the hepatic veins

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17
Q

the LLL can be divided into:

medial and lateral segments
medial and posterior segments
anterior and medial segments
anterior and posterior segments

A

medial and lateral segments

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18
Q

normal flow within the hepatic artery should demonstrate a:

high resistance waveform pattern with a slow upstroke and gradual deceleration with diastole

low resistance waveform pattern with a quick upstroke and gradual deceleration with diastole

low resistance waveform pattern with a slow upstroke and gradual acceleration with diastole

high resistance waveform pattern with a quick upstroke and gradual deceleration with diastole

A

low resistance waveform pattern with a quick upstroke and gradual deceleration with diastole

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19
Q

Budd Chiari syndrome leads to a reduction in the size of the:

hepatic arteries
portal veins
hepatic veins
CBD

A

hepatic veins

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20
Q

a tonguelike extenstion of the RLL is termed:

papillary lobe
focal hepatomegaly
Riedel lobe
Morison lobe

A

Riedel lobe

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21
Q

the LPV divides into:

middle, left and right branches
left and right branches
anterior and posterior branches
medial and lateral branches

A

medial and lateral branches

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22
Q

the umbilical vein after birth becomes the:

falciform ligament
MLF
Lig Teres
Lig Venosum

A

Ligamentum Teres

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23
Q

normal flow within the hepatic veins is:

biphasic
irregular
high resistant
triphasic

A

triphasic

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24
Q

the inferior extension of the caudate lobe is:

papillary process
focal hepatomegaly
Riedel process
Morison lobe

A

papillary process

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25
Q

which is the most common reason for a liver transplant?

HCC
Hep C
Hep B
hepatic metastasis

A

Hep C

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26
Q

clinical findings of fatty infiltration of the liver include:

elevated LFTs
fever
fatigue
weight loss

A

elevated LFTs

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27
Q

Sonographically, when the liver is difficult to penetrate and diffusely echogenic, this is a indicative of:

portal vein thrombosis
metastatic liver disease
primary liver carcinoma
fatty liver disease

A

fatty liver disease

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28
Q

the most common cause of cirrhosis is:

portal hypertension
hepatitis
alcoholism
cholangitis

A

alcoholism

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29
Q

clinical findings of hepatitis include all of the following EXCEPT:

jaundice
fever
chills
pericholescystic fluid

A

pericholescystic fluid

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30
Q

what form of hepatic abnormality are immunocompromised patients more prone to develop?

hepatic adenoma
amebic abscess
hydatid liver abscess
candidiasis

A

candidiasis

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31
Q

all of the following are sequela of cirrhosis EXCEPT:

portal vein thrombosis
hepatic artery contraction
portal hypertension
splenomegaly

A

hepatic artery contraction

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32
Q

normal flow towards the liver in the portal veins is termed:

hepatopetal
hepatofugal

A

hepatopetal

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33
Q

which mass would be most worrisome for malignancy?

echogenic mass

cystic mass with posterior enhancement

isoechoic mass with a central scar

hyperechoic mass with a hypoechoic halo

A

hyperechoic mass with a hypoechoic halo

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34
Q

which is the most common form of liver cancer?

HCC
adenocarcinoma
metastatic liver disease
hepatoblastoma

A

metastatic liver disease

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35
Q

which mass is closely associated with oral contraceptive use?

hepatic adenoma
hepatic hypernephroma
hepatic hamartoma
hepatic hemangioma

A

hepatic adenoma

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36
Q

which is considered the most common benign childhood hepatic mass?

hepatoblastoma
hepatoma
hematoma
hemangioendothelioma

A

hemangioendothelioma

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37
Q

all of the following are clinical findings of HCC EXCEPT:

reduction in AFP
unexplained weight loss
fever
cirrhosis

A

reduction in AFP

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38
Q

Beckwith-Weidemann is associated with an increased risk for developing:

hepatoblastoma
cirrhosis
portal hypertension
hepatitis

A

hepatoblastoma

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39
Q

which is associated with E. granulosus?

candidiasis
amebic liver abscess
hydatid liver cyst
HCC

A

hydatid liver cyst

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40
Q

You are scanning a patient with a known mass in the left medial segment of the liver. What anatomic landmark can you use to identify the left medial segment separate from the right anterior segment of the liver?

LPV
Lig Teres
Lig Venosum
MHV
LHV

A

MHV

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41
Q

what structure is located at the anterior border of the caudate lobe that will help you to identify this lobe of the liver?

LPV
fissure for the Lig Venosum
IVC
fissure for the Lig Teres
MLF

A

fissure for the Lig Venosum

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42
Q

You are asked to rule out the presence of a recanalized paraumbilical. Which anatomic structure is a useful landmark in location of this structure?

Lig Teres
Lig Venosum
coronary ligament
hepatodudenal ligament
Glisson’s ligament

A

Lig Teres

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43
Q

which vessel courses within the MLF?

MPV
LPV
MHV
proper HA
RHV

A

MHV

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44
Q

oxygenated blood is supplies to the liver via:

PV and HV
HV and HA
PV and HA
HA only

A

PV and HA

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45
Q

which forms the caudal border of the LPV?

Lig Venosum
hepatoduodenal ligament
MLF
coronary ligament
Lig Teres

A

Lig Teres

46
Q

what differentiates the hepatic veins from the portal veins?

HVs converge toward the porta hepatis

HVs have brightly echogenic walls

PVs are largest near the dome of the liver

PVs are accompanied by branches of the biliary tree and HA

PVs normally exhibit a triphasic flow pattern

A

PVs are accompanied by branches of the biliary tree and HA

47
Q

You have detected a mass anterior and to the left of the Lig Venosum. This mass is located in what lobe of the liver?

left lobe
caudate lobe
Riedel’s lobe
right lobe
quadrate lobe

A

left lobe

48
Q

which course interlobar and intersegmental within the liver?

bile ducts
PVs
HAs
lymphatics
HVs

A

HVs

49
Q

what lobe of the liver does the letter A represent?

left lobe
caudate lobe posterior right lobe
anterior right lobe
quadrate lobe

A

left lobe

50
Q

what structure does the letter B represent?

Lig Teres
falciform ligament
hepatodudenal ligament
Lig Venosum
MLF

A

Lig venosum

51
Q

what lobe does the letter C represent?

left lobe
caudate lobe
posterior right lobe
anterior right lobe
quadrate lobe

A

caudate lobe

52
Q

identify the structure labeled A in this image of the liver

Lig Venosum
Lig Teres
hepatoduodenal ligament
coronary ligament
Glisson’s capsule

A

Lig Teres

53
Q

identify the anatomy labeled A

MPV
right posterior portal vein branch
LPV
RHV
MHV

A

right posterior portal vein branch

54
Q

vessel A is located in what lobe of the liver?

caudate lobe
medial segment left lobe
lateral segment left lobe
posterior segment right lobe
anterior segment right lobe

A

posterior segment right lobe

55
Q

identify the anatomy labeled C

MPV
right posterior portal vein
LPV
RHV
MHV

A

LPV

56
Q

the arrow labeled D is pointing to what lobe of the liver?

medial segment left lobe
lateral segment left lobe
posterior segment right lobe
anterior segment right lobe
caudate lobe

A

caudate lobe

57
Q

You are performing an ultrasound exam of the liver on a small patient with a 5MHz curved linear array. Although you have increased the overall gain to its max setting, the posterior borders of the liver and diaphragm are not visualized. What should you do?

call the service representative to repair

decreased the transmit power

move the focal zone into the near field

rescan with a higher frequency

rescan with a lower frequency

A

rescan with a lower frequency

lower frequency = increase penetration

58
Q

which correctly describes the probe placement and imaging plane you would use to demonstrate the three HVs and IVC in one view?

subcostal oblique approach with the probe angled superiorly and to the patient’s right

intercostal approach with the probe angled inferiorly to the patient’s left

intercostal approach with the probe oriented in a coronal plane

subcostal oblique approach with the probe angled inferiorly to the patient’s left

sag subcostal approach with the probe just to the right of midline

A

subcostal oblique approach with the probe angled superiorly and to the patient’s right

59
Q

You are performing a follow up sonogram on a patient in which a 5mm cyst was previously identified at the anterior border of the LLL. Although you are using a 3.5MHz curved linear array probe, you do not see the cyst. Which would be most helpful in improving visibility of this cyst?

increase the overall gain
increase the dynamic range
increase the transmit power
rescan with a higher frequency
rescan with a lower frequency

A

rescan with a higher frequency

visibility of small cysts is limited by spatial resolution - to improve spatial resolution the best option is to increase frequency

60
Q

You are imaging a patient with a high liver. Subcostal images do not clearly demonstrate the liver tissue. What should you do?

scan patient in deep inspiration
scan patient in expiration
place patient in trendelenberg position
have patient drink 32oz of water
scan patient in quiet respiration

A

scan patient in deep inspiration

61
Q

A patient is referred for ultrasound evaluation of a questionable mass in the dome of the liver scan on a CT scan. Which method would improve visualization in this area of the liver?

subcostal scan with probe angled superior and patient in deep inspiration

intercostal scan with probe in the coronal plane and patient in expiration

subcostal scan with the patient performing valsalva

roll patient into right lateral decubitus and scan from the subcostal approach with patient in expiration

some of the liver cannot be seen with ultrasound

A

subcostal scan with probe angled superior and patient in deep inspiration

62
Q

a patient is referred for a liver ultrasound with the clinical history of a raised serum AFP level, what should you look for?

FNH
fatty liver
HCC
hydatid disease
increased AFP levels are not associated with liver disease

A

HCC

63
Q

elevation of both GGT and ALP:

suggest the source of elevated ALP is due to metastatic bone cancer

is a sensitive indicator of pancreatitis

indicate lab work is invalid and must be repeated

indicate the source of elevated ALP is the liver

is highly specific for HCC

A

indicate the source of elevated ALP is the liver

64
Q

which lab test is NOT used in evaluation of liver function?

GGT
AST
direct bilirubin
indirect bilirubin
lipase

A

lipase

65
Q

A patient is referred with RUQ tenderness and a history of oral contraceptive use. A solid, hypoechoic mass is identified in the RLL. Color doppler reveals hypervascularity of the mass. Which is most likely?

hydatid liver disease
hepatic lipoma
hepatic abscess
hepatic adenoma
HCC

A

hepatic adenoma

66
Q

A liver ultrasound on a 49 year old obese male demonstrates diffuse increased echogenicity with focal hypoechoic area anterior to the PV. This most likely represents:

liver cirrhosis with HCC
hydatid disease
fatty metamorphosis with focal sparing
metastatic disease due to colon
normal life parenchyma with a simple cyst

A

fatty metamorphosis with focal sparing

67
Q

A 52 year old male with known liver cirrhosis presents for an ultrasound. You will carefully evaluate the liver to rule out the presence of any focal mass because of which true statement?

patients with liver cirrhosis are at increased risk for HCC

patients with liver cirrhosis tend to develop multiple cysts in their liver and pancreas

metastasic disease occurs commonly with cirrhosis

the presence of regenerative nodules rules out cirrhosis

all of the above are correct

A

patients with liver cirrhosis are at an increased risk for HCC

68
Q

you are scanning a patient with suspected liver cirrhosis, all of the following are sonographic features of cirrhosis EXCEPT:

surface nodularity
shrunken caudate lobe
altered echo texture
ascites
regenerative nodules

A

shrunken caudate lobe

in cirrhosis, the caudate lobe is most commonly enlarged compared to the RLL due to sparing

69
Q

an ultrasound evaluation of liver cirrhosis should include a search for which associated complication?

biliary dilatation
mesentery ischemia
splenic infarction
Kaposi’s sarcoma
portal hypertension

A

portal hypertension

70
Q

Ultrasound findings of an abdominal study on a 51 year old female include enlargement of the HVs and IVC in an otherwise normal appearing liver. These findings are most consistent with:

Budd Chiari syndrome
right-sided heart failure
liver cirrhosis
portal hypertension
sarcoidosis

A

right sided heart failure

71
Q

focal fatty liver is most commonly found in which location?

medial to the ascending branch of the LPV

posterior to the RHV

lateral, inferior tip of the right lobe

adjacent to the fissure for the Lig venosum

anterior to the PV at the porta hepatis

A

anterior to the PV at the porta hepatis

72
Q

You have performed an ultrasound on a patient with an enlarged caudate lobe, shrunken right lobe, and splenomegaly. The HVs could not be identified. No other abnormalities were discovered. What should you do?

scan the pelvis to rule out pelvic mass

have the patient perform valsalva and re-examine the HVs

evaluate the HVs and IVC with color doppler to confirm patency

have the patient return in a week for a repeat study

nothing

A

evaluate the HVs and IVC with color doppler to confirm patency

73
Q

A patient is referred to rule out hepatomegaly, all of the following are useful indicators EXCEPT:

rounding of the inferior border of the liver

longitudinal measurement of the right lobe exceeding 15.5cm

extension of the right lobe inferior to the lower pole of the right kidney

increased diameter of the MPV greater than 1cm

increased AP measurement of the right lobe

A

increased diameter of the MPV greater than 1cm

74
Q

You have identified a single homogenous hyperechoic lesion measuring 2.4 cm in the posterior aspect of the RLL. What is the most common etiology of a mass fitting this description?

cyst
hepatic adenoma
cavernous hemangioma
HCC
focal fatty sparing

A

cavernous hemangioma

75
Q

A patient is referred for a sonogram of the liver to rule out metastatic disease. Which describes the sonographic appearance of liver metastasis?

single hypoechoic mass
multiple hyperechoic masses
masses of mixed echogenicity
cystic masses
all of the above

A

all of the above

76
Q

which is NOT a feature of hepatic cysts?

thin wall
posterior acoustic enhancement
anechoic
increased attenuation
increased through transmission

A

increased attenuation

attenuation through a cyst is decreased

77
Q

A single large, well defined mass with smooth walls and homogenous low level echoes is seen within the anterior RLL in a 48 year old female. No doppler signals could be obtained within the mass. Which of the following conditions is the most likely etiology of this mass?

Kaposi’s sarcoma
focal nodular hyperplasia
hemorrhagic cyst
PV aneurysm
HCC

A

hemorrhagic cyst

78
Q

You are scanning a patient with a history of fever, abnormal LFTs, and RUQ tenderness. The liver is enlarged with decreased echogenicity, GB wall thickness, and thick echogenic bands are noted surrounding the PVs. Which of the following conditions is most likely?

fatty liver
cirrhosis
Budd-Chiari
hepatitis
normal liver

A

hepatitis

bright bands = “periportal cuffing”

79
Q

You are evaluating a suspicious lesion and look for gas bubbles to confirm the presence of liver abscess in a patient with fever and increased WBC count. What is the sonographic appearance of the gas bubbles?

brightly echogenic echoes with clean distal acoustic shadow

brightly echogenic foci associated with echogenic ring down artifact

hypoechoic area within the mass associated with increased through transmission

anechoic foci with distal acoustic enhancement

hyperechoic foci with distal acoustic enhancement

A

brightly echogenic foci associated with echogenic ringdown artifact

80
Q

which is associated with infestation by a parasite and is most prevalent in sheep and cattle raising countries?

Budd-Chiari
hydatid disease
candidiasis
Hep A
Kaposi’s sarcoma

A

hydatid disease

81
Q

You are scanning the liver and notice irregularity of the surface. A nodular liver surface is associated with:

cirrhosis
acute hepatitis
fatty liver
polycystic liver disease
hepatomegaly

A

cirrhosis

82
Q

which is NOT true regarding fatty liver?

it is irreversible
it may be caused by obesity
it may be diffuse or focal
it may show a rapid change in appearance
it commonly causes increased attenuation of the sound beam through liver

A

fatty liver is a reversible disorder

83
Q

You are scanning through the liver and notice luminal narrowing of the HVs. Color and spectral doppler reveal high velocities through the strictures. These findings are most commonly associated with:

diffuse fatty liver
acute hepatitis
cirrhosis
focal fatty infiltration
glycogen storage disease

A

cirrhosis

84
Q

which is most commonly associated with invasion of the PV?

HCC
cavernous hemangioma
liver metastasis
hepatic adenoma
focal nodular hyperplasia

A

HCC

85
Q

You have been asked to perform a liver sonogram on a patient with AIDS. Which is most commonly associated with this history?

HCC
Kaposi’s sarcoma
Budd-Chiari syndrome
hemangiosarcoma
hepatic adenoma

A

Kaposi’s sarcoma

86
Q

You are scanning a 53 year old female with a history of recent weight loss and vague abdominal pain. The liver is markedly heterogenous and contains numerous calcified lesions. This most likely represents metastasis disease from which primary?

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
cystadenocarcinoma of the ovary
lung
adenocarcinoma of the colon
breast

A

adenocarcinoma of the colon

87
Q

During ultrasound evaluation of the liver, a bulls-eye or target lesion is identified in the anterior right lobe. The most likely etiology of this mass is:

liver abscess
hepatic adenoma
FNH
HCC
liver metastasis from lung cancer

A

liver metastasis from lung cancer

88
Q

You are performing an ultrasound exam on a young female and notice a well defined solitary mass with a central scar measuring 4 cm in diameter. Color doppler reveals prominent blood vessels coursing within the scar. This most likely represents:

liver abscess
hepatic adenoma
FNH
HCC
liver metastasis from lung cancer

A

FNH

89
Q

You are performing a liver sonogram on a young female with RUQ pain, sudden onset ascites, and hepatomegaly. You have obtained TRV and SAG images of the liver, CBD, and GB according to your protocol. What else should you do?

nothing

expand the study to include kidneys to rule out associated hydronephrosis

use color and special doppler to determine patency of the portal and hepatic venous systems

give the patient a fatty meal and then measure the PV diameter at 1,2,5, and 10mins

call the referring physician to get an order to perform a pelvic study to see if the patient’s pain is referred from an ovarian mass

A

use color and special doppler to determine patency of the portal and hepatic venous systems

90
Q

which is NOT true regarding cavernous hemangiomas?

small, well defined, hyperechoic
consist of a vascular network
more common in women
usually asymptomatic
show prominent, high velocity color doppler signals

A

they DO NOT show prominent, high velocity color doppler signals

91
Q

A patient is referred for ultrasound with a history of liver transplantation. You identify an extrahepatic fluid collection. What is the likely etiology of this finding?

biloma
hematoma
loculated ascites
abscess
any of the above

A

any of the above

92
Q

what significant complication following liver transplantation is NOT detectable with ultrasound?

rejection
malignant disease
HA thrombosis
PV thrombosis
pseudoaneurysm

A

rejection

liver biopsies are frequently performed to rule out rejection

93
Q

You are scanning a patient with a history of liver transplantation. You should search for all of the following complications EXCEPT:

biliary sludge
acute cholecystitis
PV thrombosis
HA thrombosis
liver malignancy

A

acute cholecsytitis

the donor GB is excised during the transplant surgery

94
Q

You have been asked to provide ultrasound imaging during liver surgery. What transducer would be best suited for this purpose?

3.5MHz curved linear
10MHz linear
2.25MHz phased
7MHz linear
12MHx curved linear

A

7MHz linear

During intraoperative scanning, the sterile transducer is placed directly on the exposed liver. For this reason, a transducer with higher than usual frequency can be used to image the liver nonsurgically. Typically, a 5-7 MHz linear array is used.

95
Q

You are scanning through the RLL and notice that although you have maximized the far field TGC, the parenchyma in the far field and diaphragm are not clearly visualized. What should you do?

decrease the transmission power
increase the compression curve
decrease the transmit frequency
decrease the overall gain
increase the dynamic range

A

decrease transmit frequency

96
Q

hepatofugal flow in the PV is a sign of:

normalcy
HA thrombosis
PHTN
acute cholecystitis
HCC

A

PHTN

97
Q

A patient is referred for abdominal ultrasound with a high fever and RUQ pain. You document the presence of a large, rounded, homogeneous mass with low-level internal echoes and poorly defined borders. The mass is located in the RLL, adjacent to the capsule, and shows increased through transmission. This most likely represents:

hemorrhagic cyst
abscess
hematoma
choledochal cyst
loculated ascites

A

abscess

98
Q

You are scanning a patient with known liver cirrhosis and notice a focal mass within the posterior right lobe. What lab test would be most helpful in determining if this mass is HCC?

serum AFP
ALP
serum bilirubin
serum creatine
lactate dehydrogenase (LD)

A

serum AFP

99
Q

You have been asked to perform an ultrasound to rule out the presence of Budd-Chiari syndrome. You will tailor your exam to include:

volume measurement of spleen

doppler analysis of HVs

both supine and upright views of porta hepatis

oblique view of the RLL to include right hemidiaphragm

careful search for periaortic lymphadenopathy

A

dopple analysis of HVs

100
Q

the majority of the blood supply to the liver is provided from the:

HVs
PV
HA
SMV
gastroduodenal artery

A

PV

101
Q

following liver transplantation, which of the following anatomical locations has an anastomotic connection that should be evaluated with ultrasound?

IVC
PV
HA
bile duct
all of the above

A

all of the above

102
Q

You are scanning a patient with liver cirrhosis and suspected PHTN. In this study, assessment of the size of which of the following is most important?

spleen
CBD
abdominal AO
RHV
IVC

A

spleen

the spleen is enlarged in nearly all cases of PHTN

103
Q

What is the best sonographic window to view a recanalized paraumbilical vein?

intercostal oblique view through the right lobe

subcostal oblique view through the right lobe

saggital subcostal view through the left lobe at the level of the Lig Teres

saggital subcostal view through the right lobe at the level of the MLF

saggital subcostal view to the left of midline

A

saggital subcostal view through the left lobe at the level of the Lig Teres

104
Q

You are evaluating a patient with PHTN. Enlargement of which of the following structures is diagnostic of this condition?

coronary vein
HV
renal vein
CBD
Lig Teres

A

coronary vein

coronary or left gastric vein normally empties flow from the esophageal veins into the splenic vein. It can become dilated with portal hypertension. Flow direction may become reversed forming dangerous esophageal varices.

105
Q

regenerating nodules are a feature associated with:

hepatitis
HCC
hydatid disease
cirrhosis
polycystic liver disease

A

cirrhosis

106
Q

You are performing an ultrasound exam on a patient with a history of alcoholic liver cirrhosis. You have documented the presence of splenomegaly and dilated veins at the splenic hilum. Considering the patient’s history and findings, what else should you do?

search for signs of acute cholecystitis

carefully scan the spleen for the presence of infarcts

search for the presence of portosystemic collaterals

check the pelvis for a left side mass

rule out the presence of an AAA

A

search for the presence of portosystemic collaterals

107
Q

what is the best view for ultrasound demonstration of the coronary vein?

TRV scan under the RLL

oblique subcostal scan under the RLL with the probe oriented toward the patient’s head

SAG view of the splenic vein near the midline

SAG view through the splenic hilum

TRV view along the long axis of the LRV

A

SAG view of the splenic vein near the midline

108
Q

You are performing a follow up study on a patient with a history of cavernous transformation. Where should you look to evaluate this condition?

splenic hilum
pancreatic head
porta hepatis
renal hilum
LLL

A

porta hepatis

109
Q

You are scanning a patient with an enlarged caudate lobe and shrunken right lobe. What diffuse liver process should you suspect?

cirrhosis
acute hepatitis
fatty infiltration
candidiasis
HCC

A

cirrhosis

110
Q

You are scanning an obese patient to rule out fatty liver. Which of the following describes a common sonographic appearance of this condition?

increased through transmission throughout the hypoechoic liver

increased echogenicity of the liver compared to normal

focal hypoechoic masses throughout both lobes of the liver surrounded by normal liver echotexture

shrunken liver with surface nodularity

enlarged, hypoechoic right lobe compared to a small and shrunken left lobe

A

increased echogenicity of the liver compared to normal

111
Q

A patient presents with acute RUQ pain and decreasing hematocrit. What is the possible diagnosis?

simple cyst
abscess
hemorrhagic cyst
parasitic cyst

A

hemorrhagic cyst

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