Anatomy Practice #2 Flashcards
Which of the following describes the ultrasound appearance of an abnormal small bowel segment?
intraluminal and extraluminal fluid
bull’s eye appearance
5 layer of gut wall
color Doppler displayed with peristalsis
intraluminal and extraluminal fluid
Which of the following vessels can be used to help locate the left adrenal gland?
splenic vein
distal SMA
RRV
celiac axis
splenic vein
The testicles normally descend into the scrotum
7 days after birth
at the onset of puberty
in utero
by 1 year old
in utero (between 26 to 34 weeks)
The GE junction is best seen in the ___ plane, anterior to the AO and posterior to the left lobe of the liver
longitudinal
coronal
transverse
radial
longitudinal
The thyroid gland is considered normal size if the:
volume is <30mL
AP measurement is < 2cm
length measurement is < 4cm
width measurement is < 3cm
AP measurement is < 2cm
Which of the following normally secretes large amounts of mucus?
pancreas
seminal vesicles
duodenum
bronchial alveoli
duodenum - secretes mucus to protect the small bowel from gastric acid
The ___ is part of the prostate gland that is mostly composed of smooth muscle cells and makes up approximately ⅓ of the gland.
central zone
transitional zone
peripheral zone
fibromuscular region
fibromuscular region
The ___ is a connective sheath that is connected to the small intestine that provides structure and support, along with encasing/protecting blood vessels.
mesocolon
lesser omentum
greater omentum
mesentery
mesentery
Which muscle group is located posterior to the thyroid gland?
sternocleidomastoid
strap muscles
tracheal muscles
longus colli muscles
longus colli muscles
What is the primary function of lymph nodes?
release endorphins that aid in blood filtration
release enzymes that fight infection in the body
filter lymphatic fluid and protect the body from infection
filter blood and protect the body from infection
filter lymphatic fluid and protect infection in the body from infection
Locate the ischium.
Which scrotal artery supplies the epididymis?
deferential
centripetal
cremasteric
capsular
deferential
Increased serum levels of ___ will reduce urine output and increase blood volume in the body.
aldosterone
ALP
thyroxine
bilirubin
aldosterone
Which of the following retroperitoneal space contains the adrenal gland?
anterior pararenal space
retrofascial space
perirenal space
Glisson capsule
perirenal space
The image demonstrates a TRV view of the wrist. Where is the center of the median nerve?
Ascites can be identified in all of the following spaces/areas EXCEPT:
subhepatic space below the RLL
paracolic gutters
Morison pouch
between the coronary ligaments within the bare area of the liver
between the coronary ligaments within the bare area of the liver
the liver is in direct contact with the diaphragm in the bare area, fluid cannot accumulate there
The ___ is formed at the junction of the vas deferens and seminal vesicles
rete testes
ejaculatory duct
affent ducts
efferent ducts
ejaculatory duct
Locate the triradiate cartilage.
Which of the following is synthesized by the adrenal medulla?
aldosterone
androgens
epinephrine
cortisol
epinephrine
Which blood vessel is located lateral to the left lobe of the thyroid and demonstrates an anechoic ovoid shape in a TRV view of the mid thyroid?
LCCA
LECA
superior vena cava
left internal jugular vein
left internal jugular vein
Where would the urethra normally be found in the image?
The RCCA is a branch of which artery?
right vertebral artery
AO arch
innominate artery
right subclavian artery
innominate artery
Pheochromocytoma, chromaffin cells and neurons in the CNS are responsible for the release of?
sodium bicarbonate
epinephrine
aldosterone
testosterone
epinephrine
In infants and children, the superior vena cava, AO, and ___ are well visualized using the thymus as an acoustic window
RAs
pulmonary artery
IVC
distal carotid arteries
pulmonary artery
Which of the following structures is not included in the spermatic cord?
cremasteric artery
gonadal artery
vas deferens
centripetal artery
centripetal artery - penetrate the testicular tissue
Where is the longus colli muscle in the image?
Which of the following is true regarding the anatomic position of the left adrenal gland?
anterior to the pancreas tail
lateral to the left diaphragm crura
anterior to the IVC
superolateral to the left kidney
lateral to the left diaphragm crura
Which scrotal artery encircles the testicular periphery?
cremasteric
deferential
capsular
centripetal
capsular
Where is the ilium in this image?
The ___ gland is located under the mandible and is drained by the ___.
submandibular, Stensen duct
sublingual, Wharton
submandibular, Wharton duct
parotid, Stensen duct
submandibular, Wharton duct
What is the term for a cone-like mass of normal thyroid tissue protruding superiorly from isthmus?
pyramidal lobe
early Graves’ disease
thyroglossal lobe
hyperthyroidism
pyramidal lobe
What abnormality involves the Hesselbach triangle?
spigelian hernia
direct inguinal hernia
ventral hernia
femoral hernia
direct inguinal hernia
Calcitonin is produced by which of the following types of cells?
parathyroid parafollicular
parathyroid collicular
thyroid parafollicular
thyroid collicular
thyroid parafollicular
Where is the labrum located in this image?
The superior thyroidal artery is a branch of the ___.
vertebral
innominate
ECA
ICA
ECA
A patient presents with a palpable round lump on the midline anterior neck about 2 cm below the jaw. The structure appears anechoic with thin, smooth walls on ultrasound. Which of the following is the most likely explanation for the findings?
nasopharyngeal duct cyst
thyroglossal duct cyst
pharngeal pouch cyst
ectopic thyroid cyst
thyroglossal duct cyst
The fibromuscular stroma of the prostate is called the __ zone.
peripheral
transitional
anterior
central
anterior
Locate the sternocleidomatoid muscle on the image
Normal retroperitoneal lymph nodes usually measure less than ___ in length.
0.5cm
1cm
1.5cm
2cm
1cm
Which structure is visualized posterior and medial to the left lobe of the thyroid gland?
left longus coli muscle
esophagus
left omohyoid muscle
left sternocleidomastoid muscle
esophagus
The red dotted line separates what two zones of the prostate?
peripheral and anterior fibromuscular
transitional and peripheral
central and transitional
verumontanum and central
transitional and peripheral
Which of the following is not a layer of the scrotal sac?
detrusor muscle
epitheial/skin
dartos muscle
tunica vaginalis
detrusor muscle - is located in the urinary bladder
What portion of the GI tract is demonstrated on the image?
duodenum
stomach
esophagus
colon
colon
When evaluating intratesticular flow, which vessel is sampled by Doppler?
cremasteric
centripetal
deferential
gonadal
centripetal. course through the parenchyma to deliver oxygenated blood to the testicular tissues
Which of the following is a characteristic of a normal lymph node?
round shape
posterior enhancement
thin hypoechoic rim with hyperechoic central hilum
thick hypoechoic rim with hypervascularity
thin hypoechoic rim with hyperechoic central hilum
An increase in which of the following hormones causes increased calcium resorption in the small intestines?
TSH
calcitonin
T4
parathyroid stimulating hormone
parathyroid stimulating hormone
On an ultrasound exam, the normal adrenal cortex appears:
as an echogenic ring around the echogenic medulla
as a hyperechoic ring around the hypoechpic medulla
isoechoic to the medulla
as a hypoechoic ring around the echogenic medulla
as a hypoechoic ring around the echogenic medulla
Which two gut layers are normally hypoechoic on the ultrasound image?
serosa, muscularis propia
submucosa, muscularis propia
serosa, superficial mucosa
deep mucosa, muscularis propria
deep mucosa, muscularis propria
Which of the following scrotal structures carries the seminal fluid from the rete testis to the epididymis?
mediastinum testis
efferent ducts
seminiferous tubules
vas deferens
efferent ducts
What structure is indicated by the arrow?
appendix teste
cremasteric ligament
centripetal liagment
mediastinum testis
mediastinum testis
What blood vessel are demonstrated on the cross section of the penis?
dorsal arteries
helicine arteris
cavernosal arteries
urethral arteries
cavernosal arteries
A top normal thyroid isthmus measurement would be:
4cm
4mm
6mm
6cm
6mm
The ___ is a connective sheath that is connected to the large intestine that provides structure and support, along with encasing/protecting blood vessels.
mesentery
mesocolon
lesser omentum
greater omentum
mesocolon
Which muscle group is located anteromedial to the lobes of the thyroid gland?
longus colli muscle
strap muscles
tracheal muscles
sternocleidomastoid
strap muscles
The normal epididymis is located:
posterolateral to the testicle
anterolateral to the testicle
anteromedial to the testicle
posteromedial to the testicle
posterolateral to the testicle
The cardiac orifice is:
the bare area of the liver that allows the HVs to pass through
the opening by which the esophagus communicates with the stomach
the opening in the diaphragm that allows the AO to pass through
the opening in the diaphragm that allows the IVC to pass through
the opening by which the esophagus communicates with the stomach
The ___ zone is the largest zone in the prostate.
peripheral
central
paraprostatic
transitional
peripheral
Which muscle group is located anterolateral to the lobes of the thyroid gland?
tracheal muscles
longus colli muscles
sternocleidomastoid
strap muscles
sternocleidomastoid
Which of the following lines the inside of the scrotal sac?
visceral tunica vaginalis
parietal tunica vaginalis
tunica albuginea
retes testis
parietal tunica vaginalis
How many layers are identified in the normal sonographic “gut signature”?
6
3
8
5
5
While scanning the thyroid, you identify a 0.6cm ovoid structure outside the thyroid, lateral to the left carotid artery. The structure has a thin hypoechoic rim surrounding a hyperechoic center. These findings are most suggestive of:
thyroglossal duct cyst
normal lymph node
normal esophagus
parathyroid carinoma
normal lymph nodes
What is indicated by the yellow arrow?
longus colli muscle
esophagus
trachea
parathyroid adenoma
esophagus
The internal jugular vein merges with what vein to form the brachiocephalic vein?
brachial vein
innominate vein
subclavian vein
common carotid artery
subclavian vein
Which of the following is true regarding the anatomic position of the right adrenal gland?
posterior to the IVC
lateral to the RLL
lateral to the left diaphragm crura
anterior to the AO and SMA
posterior to the IVC
The paracolic gutters:
trap fluid in the pelvic area
allow fluid to move between the abdomen and pelvis
are divided by the linea alba
trap fluid in the lateral abdomen
allow fluid to move between the abdomen and pelvis
Which of the following correctly describes the findings on the image?
there is loculated hydrocele present
there is an extratesticular mass present
there is an appendix teste present
there is a scrotal pearl present
there is an appendix teste present
Aside from the pancreas, what other organ producs amylase?
liver
adrenal glands
salivary glands
pituitary gland
salivary glands
Which of the following structures is labeled #6?
sternocleidomastoid muscle
longus colli muscle
strap muscle
esophagus
longus colli muscle
Normal wall thickness of distended small bowel is:
< 3cm
< 3mm
< 7mm
< 1cm
< 3mm
The cremasteric artery and deferential artery supply blood to the:
adrenal glands
testicles
stomach
thyroid
testicles
The appendix is normally identified:
anterior to the terminal ileum and lateral to the iliac vessels
originating from the sigmoid colon at the level of the inguinal ligament
only in patients less than 150lbs
posterior to the terminal ileum and anterior to the iliac vessels
posterior to the terminal ileum and anterior to the iliac vessels
Which of the following connects the subphrenic space with Morison pouch?
foramen of Morgagni
foramen magnum
epiploic foramen
foramen of Luschka
epiploic foramen
aka foramen of Winslow
What is the name of the T4 hormone?
thyroxine
triiodthyronine
TSH
trypsin
thyroxine
Which blood vessel is located lateral to the right lobe of the thyroid and demonstrates an anechoic circular shape in a TRV view of the mid thyroid?
superior vena cava
LCCA
right internal jugular vein
RCCA
RCCA
Where is the dartos muscle and fascia?
scrotal sac
abdominal wall
urinary bladder
cystic duct
scrotal sac
The thyroid normally produces the most of which of the following hormones?
T4
thyrotropin
T3
TSH
T4
The Achilles’ tendon is normally less than ___ in diameter.
4mm
10mm
13mm
7mm
7mm
Which of the following holds the psoas muscle?
anterior pararenal space
retrofascial space
preirenal space
none of the above
retrofascial space
The structure indicated by the arrow is compose of:
microvessels carrying venous blood
loops of spermatic cord
folds of tunica vaginalis
folds of tunica albuginea
folds of tunica albuginea
The functional unit of the thyroid gland is called:
lobule
follicle
lobe
nodule
follicle
The inguinal ligament extends:
from the linea alba to the anterior superior iliac spine
from the anterior superior iliac spine to the pubic tubercle
from the distal right oblique muscle to the distal left oblique muscle
from the tip of the coccyx to the pubic tubercle
from the anterior superior iliac spine to the pubic tubercle
Which scrotal arteries penetrate the testicular parenchyma to supply oxygenated blood?
capsular
deferential
centripetal
cremasteric
centripetal
The Eiffel tower sign on ultrasound refers to:
duple kidney
normal prostate
lymphedenopathy
PHTN
normal prostate
The white arrow on the image indicates:
central zone
urethra
urinary catheter
air tract from biopsy
urethra
The ___ gland is located anterior to the ear and is drained by the ___.
submandibular, Stenson duct
parotid, Stenson duct
sublingual, Wharton duct
submandibular, Wharton duct
parotid, Stenson duct
The findings on the image are most suggestive of:
enlarged seminal vesicle
normal seminal vesicle
normal sized prostate with echogenic appearance of the central sinus related to the hypoechoic outer cortex
normal sized prostate with a corpora amylase
normal sized prostate with corpora amylase
