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ARDMS ABD REVIEW > Anatomy Practice #2 > Flashcards

Anatomy Practice #2 Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following describes the ultrasound appearance of an abnormal small bowel segment?

intraluminal and extraluminal fluid
bull’s eye appearance
5 layer of gut wall
color Doppler displayed with peristalsis

A

intraluminal and extraluminal fluid

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2
Q

Which of the following vessels can be used to help locate the left adrenal gland?

splenic vein
distal SMA
RRV
celiac axis

A

splenic vein

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3
Q

The testicles normally descend into the scrotum

7 days after birth
at the onset of puberty
in utero
by 1 year old

A

in utero (between 26 to 34 weeks)

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4
Q

The GE junction is best seen in the ___ plane, anterior to the AO and posterior to the left lobe of the liver

longitudinal
coronal
transverse
radial

A

longitudinal

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5
Q

The thyroid gland is considered normal size if the:

volume is <30mL
AP measurement is < 2cm
length measurement is < 4cm
width measurement is < 3cm

A

AP measurement is < 2cm

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6
Q

Which of the following normally secretes large amounts of mucus?

pancreas
seminal vesicles
duodenum
bronchial alveoli

A

duodenum - secretes mucus to protect the small bowel from gastric acid

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7
Q

The ___ is part of the prostate gland that is mostly composed of smooth muscle cells and makes up approximately ⅓ of the gland.

central zone
transitional zone
peripheral zone
fibromuscular region

A

fibromuscular region

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8
Q

The ___ is a connective sheath that is connected to the small intestine that provides structure and support, along with encasing/protecting blood vessels.

mesocolon
lesser omentum
greater omentum
mesentery

A

mesentery

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9
Q

Which muscle group is located posterior to the thyroid gland?

sternocleidomastoid
strap muscles
tracheal muscles
longus colli muscles

A

longus colli muscles

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10
Q

What is the primary function of lymph nodes?

release endorphins that aid in blood filtration
release enzymes that fight infection in the body
filter lymphatic fluid and protect the body from infection
filter blood and protect the body from infection

A

filter lymphatic fluid and protect infection in the body from infection

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11
Q

Locate the ischium.

A
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12
Q

Which scrotal artery supplies the epididymis?

deferential
centripetal
cremasteric
capsular

A

deferential

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13
Q

Increased serum levels of ___ will reduce urine output and increase blood volume in the body.

aldosterone
ALP
thyroxine
bilirubin

A

aldosterone

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14
Q

Which of the following retroperitoneal space contains the adrenal gland?

anterior pararenal space
retrofascial space
perirenal space
Glisson capsule

A

perirenal space

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15
Q

The image demonstrates a TRV view of the wrist. Where is the center of the median nerve?

A
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16
Q

Ascites can be identified in all of the following spaces/areas EXCEPT:

subhepatic space below the RLL
paracolic gutters
Morison pouch
between the coronary ligaments within the bare area of the liver

A

between the coronary ligaments within the bare area of the liver

the liver is in direct contact with the diaphragm in the bare area, fluid cannot accumulate there

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17
Q

The ___ is formed at the junction of the vas deferens and seminal vesicles

rete testes
ejaculatory duct
affent ducts
efferent ducts

A

ejaculatory duct

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18
Q

Locate the triradiate cartilage.

A
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19
Q

Which of the following is synthesized by the adrenal medulla?

aldosterone
androgens
epinephrine
cortisol

A

epinephrine

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20
Q

Which blood vessel is located lateral to the left lobe of the thyroid and demonstrates an anechoic ovoid shape in a TRV view of the mid thyroid?

LCCA
LECA
superior vena cava
left internal jugular vein

A

left internal jugular vein

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21
Q

Where would the urethra normally be found in the image?

A
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22
Q

The RCCA is a branch of which artery?

right vertebral artery
AO arch
innominate artery
right subclavian artery

A

innominate artery

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23
Q

Pheochromocytoma, chromaffin cells and neurons in the CNS are responsible for the release of?

sodium bicarbonate
epinephrine
aldosterone
testosterone

A

epinephrine

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24
Q

In infants and children, the superior vena cava, AO, and ___ are well visualized using the thymus as an acoustic window

RAs
pulmonary artery
IVC
distal carotid arteries

A

pulmonary artery

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25
Q

Which of the following structures is not included in the spermatic cord?

cremasteric artery
gonadal artery
vas deferens
centripetal artery

A

centripetal artery - penetrate the testicular tissue

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26
Q

Where is the longus colli muscle in the image?

A
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27
Q

Which of the following is true regarding the anatomic position of the left adrenal gland?

anterior to the pancreas tail
lateral to the left diaphragm crura
anterior to the IVC
superolateral to the left kidney

A

lateral to the left diaphragm crura

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28
Q

Which scrotal artery encircles the testicular periphery?

cremasteric
deferential
capsular
centripetal

A

capsular

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29
Q

Where is the ilium in this image?

A
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30
Q

The ___ gland is located under the mandible and is drained by the ___.

submandibular, Stensen duct
sublingual, Wharton
submandibular, Wharton duct
parotid, Stensen duct

A

submandibular, Wharton duct

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31
Q

What is the term for a cone-like mass of normal thyroid tissue protruding superiorly from isthmus?

pyramidal lobe
early Graves’ disease
thyroglossal lobe
hyperthyroidism

A

pyramidal lobe

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32
Q

What abnormality involves the Hesselbach triangle?

spigelian hernia
direct inguinal hernia
ventral hernia
femoral hernia

A

direct inguinal hernia

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33
Q

Calcitonin is produced by which of the following types of cells?

parathyroid parafollicular
parathyroid collicular
thyroid parafollicular
thyroid collicular

A

thyroid parafollicular

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34
Q

Where is the labrum located in this image?

A
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35
Q

The superior thyroidal artery is a branch of the ___.

vertebral
innominate
ECA
ICA

A

ECA

36
Q

A patient presents with a palpable round lump on the midline anterior neck about 2 cm below the jaw. The structure appears anechoic with thin, smooth walls on ultrasound. Which of the following is the most likely explanation for the findings?

nasopharyngeal duct cyst
thyroglossal duct cyst
pharngeal pouch cyst
ectopic thyroid cyst

A

thyroglossal duct cyst

37
Q

The fibromuscular stroma of the prostate is called the __ zone.

peripheral
transitional
anterior
central

A

anterior

38
Q

Locate the sternocleidomatoid muscle on the image

A
39
Q

Normal retroperitoneal lymph nodes usually measure less than ___ in length.

0.5cm
1cm
1.5cm
2cm

A

1cm

40
Q

Which structure is visualized posterior and medial to the left lobe of the thyroid gland?

left longus coli muscle
esophagus
left omohyoid muscle
left sternocleidomastoid muscle

A

esophagus

41
Q

The red dotted line separates what two zones of the prostate?

peripheral and anterior fibromuscular
transitional and peripheral
central and transitional
verumontanum and central

A

transitional and peripheral

42
Q

Which of the following is not a layer of the scrotal sac?

detrusor muscle
epitheial/skin
dartos muscle
tunica vaginalis

A

detrusor muscle - is located in the urinary bladder

43
Q

What portion of the GI tract is demonstrated on the image?

duodenum
stomach
esophagus
colon

A

colon

44
Q

When evaluating intratesticular flow, which vessel is sampled by Doppler?

cremasteric
centripetal
deferential
gonadal

A

centripetal. course through the parenchyma to deliver oxygenated blood to the testicular tissues

45
Q

Which of the following is a characteristic of a normal lymph node?

round shape
posterior enhancement
thin hypoechoic rim with hyperechoic central hilum
thick hypoechoic rim with hypervascularity

A

thin hypoechoic rim with hyperechoic central hilum

46
Q

An increase in which of the following hormones causes increased calcium resorption in the small intestines?

TSH
calcitonin
T4
parathyroid stimulating hormone

A

parathyroid stimulating hormone

47
Q

On an ultrasound exam, the normal adrenal cortex appears:

as an echogenic ring around the echogenic medulla
as a hyperechoic ring around the hypoechpic medulla
isoechoic to the medulla
as a hypoechoic ring around the echogenic medulla

A

as a hypoechoic ring around the echogenic medulla

48
Q

Which two gut layers are normally hypoechoic on the ultrasound image?

serosa, muscularis propia
submucosa, muscularis propia
serosa, superficial mucosa
deep mucosa, muscularis propria

A

deep mucosa, muscularis propria

49
Q

Which of the following scrotal structures carries the seminal fluid from the rete testis to the epididymis?

mediastinum testis
efferent ducts
seminiferous tubules
vas deferens

A

efferent ducts

50
Q

What structure is indicated by the arrow?

appendix teste
cremasteric ligament
centripetal liagment
mediastinum testis

A

mediastinum testis

51
Q

What blood vessel are demonstrated on the cross section of the penis?

dorsal arteries
helicine arteris
cavernosal arteries
urethral arteries

A

cavernosal arteries

52
Q

A top normal thyroid isthmus measurement would be:

4cm
4mm
6mm
6cm

A

6mm

53
Q

The ___ is a connective sheath that is connected to the large intestine that provides structure and support, along with encasing/protecting blood vessels.

mesentery
mesocolon
lesser omentum
greater omentum

A

mesocolon

54
Q

Which muscle group is located anteromedial to the lobes of the thyroid gland?

longus colli muscle
strap muscles
tracheal muscles
sternocleidomastoid

A

strap muscles

55
Q

The normal epididymis is located:

posterolateral to the testicle
anterolateral to the testicle
anteromedial to the testicle
posteromedial to the testicle

A

posterolateral to the testicle

56
Q

The cardiac orifice is:

the bare area of the liver that allows the HVs to pass through

the opening by which the esophagus communicates with the stomach

the opening in the diaphragm that allows the AO to pass through

the opening in the diaphragm that allows the IVC to pass through

A

the opening by which the esophagus communicates with the stomach

57
Q

The ___ zone is the largest zone in the prostate.

peripheral
central
paraprostatic
transitional

A

peripheral

58
Q

Which muscle group is located anterolateral to the lobes of the thyroid gland?

tracheal muscles
longus colli muscles
sternocleidomastoid
strap muscles

A

sternocleidomastoid

59
Q

Which of the following lines the inside of the scrotal sac?

visceral tunica vaginalis
parietal tunica vaginalis
tunica albuginea
retes testis

A

parietal tunica vaginalis

60
Q

How many layers are identified in the normal sonographic “gut signature”?

6
3
8
5

A

5

61
Q

While scanning the thyroid, you identify a 0.6cm ovoid structure outside the thyroid, lateral to the left carotid artery. The structure has a thin hypoechoic rim surrounding a hyperechoic center. These findings are most suggestive of:

thyroglossal duct cyst
normal lymph node
normal esophagus
parathyroid carinoma

A

normal lymph nodes

62
Q

What is indicated by the yellow arrow?

longus colli muscle
esophagus
trachea
parathyroid adenoma

A

esophagus

63
Q

The internal jugular vein merges with what vein to form the brachiocephalic vein?

brachial vein
innominate vein
subclavian vein
common carotid artery

A

subclavian vein

64
Q

Which of the following is true regarding the anatomic position of the right adrenal gland?

posterior to the IVC
lateral to the RLL
lateral to the left diaphragm crura
anterior to the AO and SMA

A

posterior to the IVC

65
Q

The paracolic gutters:

trap fluid in the pelvic area
allow fluid to move between the abdomen and pelvis
are divided by the linea alba
trap fluid in the lateral abdomen

A

allow fluid to move between the abdomen and pelvis

66
Q

Which of the following correctly describes the findings on the image?

there is loculated hydrocele present
there is an extratesticular mass present
there is an appendix teste present
there is a scrotal pearl present

A

there is an appendix teste present

67
Q

Aside from the pancreas, what other organ producs amylase?

liver
adrenal glands
salivary glands
pituitary gland

A

salivary glands

68
Q

Which of the following structures is labeled #6?

sternocleidomastoid muscle
longus colli muscle
strap muscle
esophagus

A

longus colli muscle

69
Q

Normal wall thickness of distended small bowel is:

< 3cm
< 3mm
< 7mm
< 1cm

A

< 3mm

70
Q

The cremasteric artery and deferential artery supply blood to the:

adrenal glands
testicles
stomach
thyroid

A

testicles

71
Q

The appendix is normally identified:

anterior to the terminal ileum and lateral to the iliac vessels

originating from the sigmoid colon at the level of the inguinal ligament

only in patients less than 150lbs

posterior to the terminal ileum and anterior to the iliac vessels

A

posterior to the terminal ileum and anterior to the iliac vessels

72
Q

Which of the following connects the subphrenic space with Morison pouch?

foramen of Morgagni
foramen magnum
epiploic foramen
foramen of Luschka

A

epiploic foramen
aka foramen of Winslow

73
Q

What is the name of the T4 hormone?

thyroxine
triiodthyronine
TSH
trypsin

A

thyroxine

74
Q

Which blood vessel is located lateral to the right lobe of the thyroid and demonstrates an anechoic circular shape in a TRV view of the mid thyroid?

superior vena cava
LCCA
right internal jugular vein
RCCA

A

RCCA

75
Q

Where is the dartos muscle and fascia?

scrotal sac
abdominal wall
urinary bladder
cystic duct

A

scrotal sac

76
Q

The thyroid normally produces the most of which of the following hormones?

T4
thyrotropin
T3
TSH

A

T4

77
Q

The Achilles’ tendon is normally less than ___ in diameter.

4mm
10mm
13mm
7mm

A

7mm

78
Q

Which of the following holds the psoas muscle?

anterior pararenal space
retrofascial space
preirenal space
none of the above

A

retrofascial space

79
Q

The structure indicated by the arrow is compose of:

microvessels carrying venous blood
loops of spermatic cord
folds of tunica vaginalis
folds of tunica albuginea

A

folds of tunica albuginea

80
Q

The functional unit of the thyroid gland is called:

lobule
follicle
lobe
nodule

A

follicle

81
Q

The inguinal ligament extends:

from the linea alba to the anterior superior iliac spine

from the anterior superior iliac spine to the pubic tubercle

from the distal right oblique muscle to the distal left oblique muscle

from the tip of the coccyx to the pubic tubercle

A

from the anterior superior iliac spine to the pubic tubercle

82
Q

Which scrotal arteries penetrate the testicular parenchyma to supply oxygenated blood?

capsular
deferential
centripetal
cremasteric

A

centripetal

83
Q

The Eiffel tower sign on ultrasound refers to:

duple kidney
normal prostate
lymphedenopathy
PHTN

A

normal prostate

84
Q

The white arrow on the image indicates:

central zone
urethra
urinary catheter
air tract from biopsy

A

urethra

85
Q

The ___ gland is located anterior to the ear and is drained by the ___.

submandibular, Stenson duct
parotid, Stenson duct
sublingual, Wharton duct
submandibular, Wharton duct

A

parotid, Stenson duct

86
Q

The findings on the image are most suggestive of:

enlarged seminal vesicle

normal seminal vesicle

normal sized prostate with echogenic appearance of the central sinus related to the hypoechoic outer cortex

normal sized prostate with a corpora amylase

A

normal sized prostate with corpora amylase

ARDMS ABD REVIEW (27 decks)

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