Instrumentation

Question 1

The Doppler waveform below was obtained from the celiac trunk. What technical problem is present?

wall filter is set too high
wall filter is set too low
PRF is set too low
PRF is set too high
baseline is set too low

Answer 1

PRF is too low

Question 2

Which of the following statements is true regarding measurements obtained from the Doppler waveform obtained?

end diastolic velocity will be overestimated
PSV will be underestimated
PSV will be overestimated
RI will be accurate
all of the above

Answer 2

PSV will be underestimated

Question 3

What technical problem is present in this waveform obtained from the splenic artery?

Doppler gain is set too high
wall filter is set too low
baseline is set too low
PRF is set too high
all of the above

Answer 3

Doppler gain is set too high

Question 4

For correct orientation when performing a SAG scan of the liver, which letter represents posterior?

A
B
C
D
E
posterior is not represented on a SAG scan

Answer 4

B

Question 5

For correct orientation when performing a SAG scan through the pancreas and AO, which letter is on the side of the image toward the patient’s feet?

A
B
C
D
E

Answer 5

D

Question 6

For correct orientation when performing a SAG scan in the right breast, which letter is on the side of the image toward the patient’s head?

A
B
C
D
E

Answer 6

C

Question 7

For correct orientation when performing a TRV scan through the left thyroid, which letter represents the patient’s right side?

A
B
C
D
E

Answer 7

C

Question 8

For correct orientation when performing a TRV scan of the GB, which letter represents the patient’s left side?

A
B
C
D
E

Answer 8

D

Question 9

For correct orientation when performing a TRV scan of the left kidney, which letter represents anterior?

A
B
C
D
E

Answer 9

A

Question 10

What scanning plane is depicted in the following example?

SAG
TRV
parasagittal
coronal
axial

Answer 10

coronal

Question 11

What artifact is present in the anterior aspect of this GB?

refraction
ringdown
comet tail
enhancement
reverberation

Answer 11

reverberation

Question 12

You are imaging an artery in a patient with a history of previous surgery and detect surgical clips. What artifact is seen posterior to the surgical clips in this image?

refraction
ringdown
comet tail
enhancement
reverberation

Answer 12

comet tail

comet tail artifacts are seen with metallic objects

Question 13

You are imaging a patient with pneumobilia. What artifact is associated with this condition?

refraction
shadowing
side lobes
grating lobes
ringdown

Answer 13

ringdown

Question 14

You are imaging the GB in a TRV orientation and detect shadowing on each edge of the organ. What artifact are you identifying?

refraction
ringdown
comet tail
reverberation
partial volume

Answer 14

refraction

Question 15

Which of the following parameters can be tested on a phantom?

sensitivity
contract resolution
axial resolution
lateral resoluation
all of the above

Answer 15

all of the above

Question 16

You have been asked to create a test object to detect the measurement accuracy of the ultrasound unit in your department. In order for the test object to determine the accuracy of the ultrasound system, the speed of sound in the test object should be:

½ the speed of sound in tissue
⅓ the speed of sound in tissue
equal to the speed of sound in tissue
equal to the speed of sound in water
2x the speed of sound in water

Answer 16

equal to the speed of sound in tissue

Question 17

Which transducer does NOT demonstrate a sector field of view?

phased array
sequential linear array
curved linear array
annular array
all of these transducers produce a sector field of view

Answer 17

sequential linear array

Question 18

You have been asked to obtain an abdominal ultrasound on a 320 pound male. Which of the following will help you obtain adequate penetration of the liver in this patient?

high frequency transducer
increased transmit power
increased receiver gain
small-footprint transducer
all of the above

Answer 18

increased transmit power

Question 19

You are performing a Doppler study of the SMA. The Doppler waveform is aliased. What should you do to correct this problem?

decrease wall filter
increase PRF
increase Doppler frequency
decrease Doppler gain
raise baseline

Answer 19

increase PRF

Question 20

You have been asked to evaluate various image-recording devices for the ultrasound department. Which of the following offers the best spatial resolution?

multiformat camera
video printer
laser camera
VHS video cassette recorder (VCR)
spatial resolution is equal in these devices

Answer 20

laser camera

Question 21

What is the purpose of the quality control program in the ultrasound department?

evaluate sonographer scanning time
reduce patient exposure
compare exam fees with competitors’ fees
monitor equipment performance
all of the above

Answer 21

monitor equipment performance

Question 22

You are assisting a physician in the thyroid biopsy. Which of the following would result in the best image of the needle?

image the needle at near 0 degrees incidence
image the needle at near perpendicular incidence
decrease the overall gain so that the needle is the only bright structure seen
use a curved array rather than a linear array transducer
all of the above

Answer 22

image the needle at near perpendicular incidence

Question 23

You are having difficulty obtaining an adequate color Doppler image of a deep abdominal vessel. What color Doppler parameter will increase the signal-to-noise ratio and result in a stronger signal?

color filter
color PRF
color packet size
color baseline
color reject

Answer 23

color packet size

Question 24

You are using color Doppler to evaluate for PV patency. The frame rate is very slow. What parameter can you adjust to increase the color Doppler frame rate?

increase color filter
decrease color PRF
increase color gain
decrease color field of view
increase color baseline

Answer 24

decrease color field of view