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ARDMS ABD REVIEW > Male Pelvis > Flashcards

Male Pelvis Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following is not a component of the spermatic cord?

epididymis
testicular artery
cremaster muscle
lymph nodes

A

epididymis

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2
Q

What is the most common malignancy of the testicles?

embryonal cell carcinoma
seminoma
choriocarcinoma
spermatocele

A

seminoma

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3
Q

Secondary varicoceles are most likely associated with all of the following EXCEPT:

left-sided location
right-sided location
hepatomegaly
renal mass

A

left-sided location

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4
Q

The most common location of BPH is the:

peripheral zone
transitional zone
central zone
verumontanum

A

transitional zone

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5
Q

During a sonographic examination of the right testis, you visualize multiple small cysts located along the mediastinum testis. What is the most likely diagnosis?

epididymitis
tubular ectasia of the rete testis
multiple spermatoceles
epidermoid cyst

A

tubular ectasia of the rete testis

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6
Q

Enlargement of the prostate in older men is most often caused by:

prostatitis
prostate cancer
BPH
klinefelter syndrome

A

BPH

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7
Q

Which of the following is a benign intratesticular mass that typically has a whorled or onion skin sonographic appearance?

seminoma
teratoma
epidermoid cyst
adrenal rest

A

epidermoid cyst

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8
Q

Which of the following best describes a spermatocele?

the most common malignant neoplasm of the scrotum
a benign intratesticular cyst
a cyst found within the head of the epididymis
a dilated group of veins found within the scrotum

A

a cyst found within the head of the epididymis

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9
Q

A dilated group of veins found within the scrotum is called a:

varicocele
spermatocele
seminoma
hydrocele

A

varicocele

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10
Q

Which of the following would likely resemble a solid intratesticular mass and be associated with Cushing syndrome?

choriocarcinoma
epidermoid cyst
intratesticular varicocele
adrenal rest

A

adrenal rest

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11
Q

Primary varicoceles are associated with all of the following EXCEPT:

left-sided location
retroperitoneal mass
infertility
palpable extratesticular mass

A

retroperitoneal mass

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12
Q

A common cyst most often seen in the head of the epididymis that contains nonviable sperm is the:

epididymal cyst
tunica albuginea cyst
spermatocele
seminoma

A

spermatocele

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13
Q

What scrotal abnormality is caused by incompetent valves within the pampiniform plexus?

testicular carcinoma
testicular microlithiasis
testicular torsion
varicocele

A

varicocele

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14
Q

What lab value can be assessed as a tumor marker to evaluate a patient for testicular malignancy?

serum bilirubin
amylase
AFP
adrenocorticotropic hormone

A

AFP

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15
Q

The blue dot sign is indicative of:

testicular torsion
epididymitis
orchitis
torsion of the testicular appendage

A

torsion of the testicular appendage

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16
Q

A 23 year old man presents to the sonography department with a history of infertility. Which of the following is associated with male infertility?

spermatocele
choriocarcinoma
varicocele
hydrocele

A

varicocele

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17
Q

Which of the following houses the male urethra?

corpus spongiosum
buck fascia
bulbourethral gland
corpus cavernosum

A

corpus spongiosum

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18
Q

All of the following are sonographic findings consistent with torsion of the testicular appendage EXCEPT:

no intratesticular flow
small hyperechoic mass adjacent to the testis
reactive hydrocele
scrotal wall thickening

A

no intratesticular flow

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19
Q

What is the most common correctable cause of male infertility?

varicocele
chlamydia
hydrocele
testicular torsion

A

varicocele

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20
Q

A simple fluid collection surrounding the testis is referred to as a:

hematocele
hydrocele
varicocele
spermatocele

A

hydrocele

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21
Q

What is the most common malignancy of the penis?

cystadenocarcinoma
adenocarcinoma
follicular carcinoma
squamous cell carcinoma

A

squamous cell carcinoma

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22
Q

A patient presents to the sonography department for a penile sonogram. He complains of a painful curvature of the penis and impotence. What is the most likely diagnosis?

squamous cell carcinoma
peyronie disease
tinner syndrome
testicular fracture

A

peyronie disease

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23
Q

The exocrine function of the testicles is to produce:

testosterone
human chorionic gonadotropin
AFP
sperm

A

sperm

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24
Q

The most common location of a hydrocele is:

superior to the testis
within the scrotal wall
between the two layers of the tunica vaginalis
between the tunica vaginalis and tunica albuginea

A

between the two layers of the tunica vaginalis

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25
Q

Acute onset of testicular pain at rest is a common clinical finding with:

testicular carcinoma
hydrocele
testicular trauma
testicular torsion

A

testicular torsion

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26
Q

A 7 year old boy presents to the ER with acute testicular pain localized to the superior pole of his right testis. What is the most likely diagnosis?

testicular torsion
hydrocele
torsion of the testicular appendage
yolk sac tumor

A

torsion of the testicular appendage

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27
Q

Zinner syndrome consists of unilateral renal agenesis, ejaculatory duct obstruction, and ___

prostate cancer
seminoma
bulbourethral stones
seminal vesicle cysts

A

seminal vesicle cysts

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28
Q

Dilated veins of the varicocele will measure:

> 8mm
4mm
< 2mm
2mm

A

> 2mm

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29
Q

The lack of the normal fixation of the testis to the posterior scrotal wall is referred to as:

Klinefelter syndrome
blue dot sign
bell-clapper deformity
cryptorchidism

A

bell-clapper deformity

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30
Q

Which of the following techniques is useful for providing sonographic evidence of a varicocele?

valsalva maneuver
sitting position
pulsed Doppler
right lateral decubitus position

A

valsalva maneuver

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31
Q

The endocrine function of the testicles is to produce:

testosterone
human chorionic gonadotropin
AFP
sperm

A

testosterone

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32
Q

All of the following are sonographic findings consistent with the diagnosis of testicular torsion EXCEPT:

hyperemic flow within the testis
hypoechoic testis
reactive hydrocele
decreased intratesticular flow

A

hyperemic flow within the testis

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33
Q

Spermatogenesis occurs within the:

tunica albuginea
rete testis
mediastinum testis
seminiferous tubules

A

seminiferous tubules

34
Q

You have been asked to perform a study to rule out cryptorchidism. The term cryptorchidism denotes:

one or both of the testicles have a malignancy
that the testicle has torsed
one or both of the testicles have not descended into the scrotum
the patient has been kicked in the scrotum

A

one or both of the testicles have not descended into the scrotum

35
Q

The most common germ cell tumor of the testis is the:

yolk sac tumor
embryonal cell carcinoma
seminoma
teratoma

A

seminoma

36
Q

The most common location of a varicocele is:

the right side of the scortum
the left side of the scrotum
the inguinal canal
within the testis

A

the LEFT side of the scrotum

37
Q

The most common location of prostatic cancer is the:

peripheral zone
transitional zone
central zone
verumontanum

A

peripheral zone

38
Q

Which of the following is consistent with the sonographic features of testicular abscess?

hyperemic flow around the abscess but not within it
onion skin sonographic appearance and hyperemic epididymis
hyperemic flow within an anechoic mass
hyperemic flow within the abscess but not around it

A

hyperemic flow around the abscess but not within in

39
Q

What is the most common cancer found in men?

testicular cancer
lung cancer
liver cancer
prostate cancer

A

prostate cancer

40
Q

What would be the most likely sonographic appearance of a seminoma?

hyperechoic
anechoic
heterogenous with calcifications
hypoechoic

A

hypoechoic

41
Q

The mediastinum testis is identified sonographically as:

A .hypoechoic structure coursing through the midline of the testis
B. pyramid-shaped structure adjacent to the upper pole of the testis
C. prominent echogenic linear echo in the midline of the testis
D. homogenous ovoid structure adjacent to the lower pole of the testis
E. cystic, spherical structure of variable location

A

C. prominent echogenic linear echo in the midline of the testis

42
Q

Which of the following conditions would show hyperemic flow on color Doppler?

testicular torsion
spermatocele
orchitis
hydrocele
infarction

A

orchitis

43
Q

A large complex hydrocele is most commonly associated with which of the following?

seminoma
epididymal cyst
varicocele
orchitis
infarction

A

orchitis

44
Q

You are performing an ultrasound of a patient with a known “bell clapper” deformity. This deformity is associated with which condition?

seminoma
torsion
varicocele
epididymitis
infarction

A

torsion

45
Q

The capsular artery of the testis is a branch of what artery?

deferential
abdominal AO
cremasteric
testicular
internal iliac

A

testicular

46
Q

The testicular artery is a branch of what artery?

deferential
abdominal AO
internal iliac
external iliac
left renal

A

abdominal AO

47
Q

You are performing a Doppler evaluation of the testis. Which of the following describes the waveform you will see within an artery of the testicular parenchyma if the testis is normal?

high resistance
bidirectional
phasic
low resistance
continuous

A

low resistance

48
Q

You are performing Doppler analysis of the spermatic cord. Which of the following arteries or structures is found within the spermatic cord?

vas deferens
testicular artery
cremasteric artery
deferential artery
all of the abobve

A

all of the above

49
Q

The intratesticular arteries that arise from the capsular artery are known as:

deferential arteries
cremasteric arteries
vas deferens
centripetal arteries
pampiniform plexus

A

centripetal arteries

50
Q

The left testicular vein drains into what vein?

left renal vein
inferior vena cava
epigastric vein
internal iliac vein
external iliac vein

A

left renal vein

51
Q

You are performing an ultrasound exam on an adolescent male to rule out testicular torsion. How should you adjust the system color Doppler parameters to achieve the greatest sensitivity to slow flow?

high PRF, low filter, high gain, high packet size
low PRF, low filter, high gain, low packet size
high PRF, high filter, high gain, high packet size
low PRF, low filter, high gain, high packet size
low PRF, low filter, low gain, low packet size

A

low PRF, low filter, high gain, high packet size

52
Q

You are performing an ultrasound study on a 27 year old male with scrotal pain to rule out epididymo-orchitis vs torsion. Which finding below is most consistent with epididymitis?

absence of flow by color Doppler
increased flow by color Doppler
small cyst in the epididymal head
small calcification in the epididymal head
multiple tiny calcifications throughout the testis

A

increased flow by color Doppler

53
Q

A 33 year old male has been referred for a scrotal ultrasound as a part of an infertility work up. You will tailor your exam to include an evaluation for which of the following?

epididymal cyst
torsion of the appendix testis
varicocele
testicular artery aneurysm
testicular cyst

A

varicocele

54
Q

Which of the following arteries shows a low-resistance waveform?

testicular artery
deferential artery
cremasteric artery
external iliac artery
all of the above

A

testicular artery

55
Q

Which of the following arteries courses within the testicular parenchyma?

testicular artery
deferential artery
cremasteric artery
centripetal artery
all of above

A

centripetal artery

56
Q

You detect a mass within the left testis on a 43 year old male. Which of the following is a sign indicative of malignancy?

A. irregular shape of the testis
B. intratesticular location of mass
C. presence of a large hydrocele
D. all of the above
E. A and B only

A

A and B only

57
Q

In performing scrotal sonography, you should tailor your exam to include color Doppler analysis in which of the following conditions?

A. epididymitis
B. torsion
C. testicular microlithiasis
D. A and B only
E. all of the above

A

A and B only

58
Q

You have detected an intratesticular mass in a patient with mild scrotal swelling. Which of the following is an ultrasound feature of seminoma you should look for?

hyperechoic intratesticular lesions
ill-defined tumor borders
large hydrocele
all of the above
none of the above

A

none of the above

59
Q

You are imaging a patient presenting with trauma, pain, and scrotal swelling. You detect a large hydrocele with prominent internal echoes. This most likely represents:

pyocele
simple hydrocele
varicocele
hematocele
hernia

A

hematocele

most likely associated with trauma

60
Q

You have detected a transtesticular artery during scrotal sonography. Which of the following is TRUE regarding this finding?

it is a common anatomic variant

it courses in the opposite direction if the centripetal arteries

it enters the testicular parenchyma at the mediastinum testis

a large vein frequently accompanied it

all of the above

A

all of the above

61
Q

Which of the following would NOT be associated with orchitis?

hypoechoic testis
hyperemic testicular flow
enlargement of testis
thickened scrotal wall
microlithiasis

A

microlithiasis

62
Q

You are performing a scrotal ultrasound on a 21 year old male with acute scrotal pain. You do NOT detect flow with color Doppler in the painful testis. This finding is most consistent with which of the following?

torsion
orchitis
microlithiasis
seminoma
none of the above

A

torsion

63
Q

Which structure would you image posterior to the prostate gland?

urinary bladder
pubic bones
levator ani muscles
rectum
urethra

A

rectum

64
Q

You have been asked to identify the seminal vesicles. What is their anatomic relation to the prostate gland?

posterior and inferior
anterior and inferior
anterior and superior
posterior and superior
medial

A

posterior and superior

65
Q

Which of the following describes the most common patient positioning for performance of a transrectal prostate ultrasound?

supine
left lateral decubitus
right oblique
supine reverse Trendelenberg position
standing

A

left lateral decubitus

66
Q

What lab test is most helpful in screening patients for prostate cancer?

prostate specific antigen
serum alpha-fetoprotein
serum bilirubin
prostate cancer detection factor
prostate temperature

A

prostate specific antigen (PSA)

67
Q

What are the most common patient symptoms of prostatism?

nausea, painful urination, and pressure sensation on the urinary bladder

weight loss, nocturia, hematuria, and small stream

difficult initiation of voiding, nocturia, and small stream

hematuria, dysuria, and nocturia

swelling, lethargy, dysuria, and nocturia

A

difficult initiation of voiding, nocturia, and small stream

68
Q

Which of the following is an indication for transrectal ultrasound of the prostate?

abnormal digital rectal exam

abnormal lab test results indicative of prostate cancer

guidance for directed sonographic biopsy

monitor response to treatment of prostate cancer

all of the above

A

all of the above

69
Q

What is the role of color Doppler during transrectal prostate sonography?

color Doppler has not been shown to be helpful during prostate sonography

color Doppler allows improved perception of pathological vessels associated with cancer

increased color Doppler signals are diagnostic of chronic prostatitis

absence of flow with color Doppler is indicative of benign prostatic hypertrophy

increased color Doppler signals in the seminal vesicles indicate the presence of seminal vesicles cysts

A

color Doppler allows improved perception of pathological vessels associated with cancer

70
Q

What is the sonographic appearance of prostate cancer?

hypoechoic lesions
isoechoic lesions
hyperechoic lesions
only A and B
all of the above

A

all of the above

71
Q

You are aiding a physician in a transrectal biopsy of the prostate. What patient preparation is required?

no prep is required

a cleansing enema immediately prior to the procedure

antibiotics are administered prior to and following the exam

nothing to eat or drink 12hrs prior to the procedure

B and C only

A

B and C only

72
Q

Which anatomic classification is most commonly used to describe the prostate during sonographic evaluation?

lobar anatomy
microscopic anatomy
zonal anatomy
topographic anatomy
all of the above

A

zonal anatomy

73
Q

The prostaticovesical arteries that supply the prostate are branches from which artery?

abdominal AO
internal iliac
external iliac
inferior mesenteric
superior mesenteric

A

internal iliac

74
Q

Which of the following describes the most widely used conventional display of the prostate using transrectal sonography?

the anterior abdominal wall is shown at the bottom of the screen

the rectum is shown at the bottom of the screen

the rectum is shown to the right of the screen in a SAG view

the left side of the patient is shown on the left side of the image in a TRV plane

the head of the patient is on the right side of the image in a SAG plane

A

the rectum is shown at the bottom of the screen

75
Q

You are performing a transrectal prostate ultrasound in a SAG plane. The most lateral images of the gland show which tissue?

transitional zone
central zone
periurethral area
peripheral zone
fibromuscular stromatolites

A

peripheral zone

76
Q

You have been asked to perform a transrectal prostate ultrasound exam. What frequency transducer is best suited for this study?

2-3 MHz
3-4 MHz
4-5 MHz
5-6 MHz
7-8 MHz

A

7-8 MHz

77
Q

Which of the following describes the most common appearance of the seminal vesicles by transrectal prostate sonography?

hyperechoic, symmetrical, irregularly shaped structures

hypoechoic, symmetrical, irregularly shaped structures

hyperechoic, asymmetrical, smooth structures

hyperechoic, asymmetrical, irregular shaped structures

hypoechoic, asymmetrical, smooth structures

A

hypoechoic, symmetrical, irregularly shaped structure

78
Q

You have been requested to perform a transrectal ultrasound of the prostate in a patient with suspected BPH. What is the ultrasound appearance of this condition?

small, shrunken prostate gland with numerous calcifications

small prostate gland with increased vascularity and hypoechoic nodules

enlarged prostate gland which may be diffuse or focal

enlargement of the peripheral zone with sparing of the inner gland

all of the above

A

enlarged prostate gland which may be diffuse or focal

79
Q

You are performing a prostate ultrasound on a patient having infertility work-up. Which cyst may be associated with infertility?

müllerian duct cyst
prostatic utricle cyst
retention cyst
ejaculatory duct cyst
seminal vesicular cyst

A

ejaculatory duct cyst

80
Q

You are performing a transrectal ultrasound in a patient with acute prostatitis. An anechoic mass is seen within the prostate. This most likely represents:

prostate utricle cyst
abscess
hematoma
lymphocele
seroma

A

abscess

81
Q

You have been asked to perform a transrectal ultrasound of the prostate in a patient with metastasis of unknown origin. What are you looking for?

BPH
ejaculatory duct cyst
prostatic abscess
prostate cancer
prostatitis

A

prostate cancer

ARDMS ABD REVIEW (27 decks)

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