Adrenal Glands

Question 1

A newborn in the ICU has suffered from brief anoxia at birth and is now suffering from jaundice. Superior to the right kidney, you visualize a triangular-shaped, heterogeneous mass. What is the most likely diagnosis?

adrenal hemorrhage
adrenal adenoma
pheochromocytoma
cushings

Answer 1

adrenal hemorrhage

Question 2

all of the following are associated with Conn syndrome EXCEPT:

adrenal adenoma
HTN
excessive thirst
thinning arms and legs

Answer 2

thinning arms and legs

Question 3

when internal bleeding is suspected, what laboratory value is most useful for a sonographer to evaluate?

hematocrit
blood urea nitrogen
androgenic hormone
alkaline phosphatase

Answer 3

hematocrit

Question 4

which mass-like lesions may be associated with congenital adrenal hyperplasia and found within the testes?

adrenal adenomas
adrenal rests
pheochromocytomas
neuroblastomas

Answer 4

adrenal rests

Question 5

the syndrome associated with HTN, hyperglycemia, obesity, and an adrenal mass is:

edwards syndrome
cushing syndrome
juliet syndrome
hirschsprung sybdrome

Answer 5

cushing syndrome

Question 6

all of the following are true statements about the adrenal glands EXCEPT:

easily identified in the fetus
are exocrine glands
composed of medulla and cortex
referred to as suprarenal glands

Answer 6

adrenal glands are NOT exocrine glands, they are endocrine glands

Question 7

the adrenal glands are surrounded by a connective tissue capsule called:

glisson capsule
adrenalocortical fascia
gerota fascia
glisson fascia

Answer 7

gerota fascia

Question 8

the left suprarenal vein drains directly into the:

IVC
abdominal AO
celiac trunk
LRV

Answer 8

LRV

Question 9

Conn syndrome results from:

low levels of cortisol
high levels of cortisol
high levels of aldosterone
low levels of epinephrine

Answer 9

high levels of aldosterone

Question 10

with active internal hemorrhage, the patient’s hematocrit will:

increase
decrease
become stable
not change

Answer 10

decrease

Question 11

which would result in buffalo hump and moon-shaped face clinical findings?

conn syndrome
addison disease
adrogenism
hypercorticolism

Answer 11

hypercortisolism

Question 12

which types of glands release their hormones directly into the bloodstream?

endocrine
exocrine

Answer 12

endocrine

Question 13

a localized collection of blood describes a:

hemangioma
hematoma
hypertoma
hydrocele

Answer 13

hematoma

Question 14

what is the cause of cushing disease?

anterior pituitary gland tumor
adrenal hemorrhage
neuroblastoma
hyperaldosteronism

Answer 14

anterior pituitary gland tumor

Question 15

the arterial blood supply to the adrenal glands is accomplished by means of the:

celiac trunk
subphrenic arteries
suprarenal arteries
SMA

Answer 15

suprarenal arteries

Question 16

which has a clinical finding of bronzing of the skin?

addison disease
cushing disease
cushing syndrome
conn syndrome

Answer 16

addison disease

Question 17

hyperfunctioning adrenal adenomas are associated with all of the following EXCEPT:

cushing syndrome
conn syndrome
hypoechoic mass
acute drop in hematocrit

Answer 17

acute drop in hematocrit

Question 18

which is also referred to as primary adrenocortical insufficiency?

conn syndrome
addison disease
cushing disease
congenital adrenal hyperplasia

Answer 18

addison disease

Question 19

the adrenal cortex produces all of the following EXCEPT:

cortisol
androgens
aldosterone
adrenaline

Answer 19

adrenaline

Question 20

which is produced by the adrenal medulla?

cortisol
aldosterone
norepinephrine
androgens

Answer 20

norepinephrine

Question 21

what is the term for low levels of sodium in the blood?

hypokalemia
hypopigmentation
hyponatremia
hypodisuria

Answer 21

hyponatremia

Question 22

which hormones are responsible for the “fight or flight” response?

epinephrine and norepinephrine
cortisol and androgens
cortisol and aldosterone
ACTH and aldosterone

Answer 22

epinephrine and norepinephrine

Question 23

which is associated with hyponatremia?

cushing syndrome
conn syndrome
pheochromocytoma
addison disease

Answer 23

addison disease

Question 24

which best describes the location of the right adrenal gland?

posterior and lateral to the pancreas
medial to the lower pole of right kidney
posterior and lateral to the IVC
medial to the crus of the diaphragm

Answer 24

posterior and lateral to the IVC

Question 25

Upon sonographic examination of the RUQ on a 32 year old female patient complaining of generalized abdominal pain, you visualize an anechoic mass with posterior enhancement superior and medial to the upper pole of the right kidney. This most likely represents: adrenal metastatic lesion pheochromocytoma neuroblastoma adrenal cyst

Answer 25

adrenal cyst

Question 26

the right suprarenal vein drains directly into the: IVC abdominal AO celiac trunk LRV

Answer 26

IVC

Question 27

the adrenal mass often associated with uncontrollable HTN, tachycardia, and tremors is the: neuroblastoma adrenal hematoma oncocytoma pheochromocytoma

Answer 27

pheochromocytoma

Question 28

A 45 year old obese woman with thin arms and legs, HTN, and severe fatigue presents to the ultrasound department for an abdominal ultrasound. Based on these clinical findings, you should evaluate the adrenal glands closely for signs of: addison cyst adrenal hemorrhage adrenal adenoma neuroblastoma

Answer 28

adrenal adenoma

Question 29

the most common sonographic appearance of a pheochromocytoma is: hyperechoic mass hypoechoic mass anechoic mass complex mass

Answer 29

hyperechoic mass

Question 30

the most common, extracranial, malignant mass in children is the: hepatoblastoma hypernephroma pheochromocytoma neuroblastoma

Answer 30

neuroblastoma

Question 31

which is associated with hypernatremia? cushing syndrome conn syndrome pheochromocytoma addison disease

Answer 31

conn syndrome

Question 32

the most common sonographic appearance of a neuroblastoma is: hyperechoic mass heterogeneous mass with calcifications anechoic mass hypoechoic mass

Answer 32

heterogeneous mass with calcifications

Question 33

the neuroblastoma typically presents before the age of: 1 year 2 years 4 years 5 years

Answer 33

5 years

Question 34

which hormone is responsible for regulating BP by controlling the amounts of sodium and water in the body? epinephrine cortisol aldosterone ACTH

Answer 34

aldosterone

Question 35

which hormone, secreted by the anterior pituitary gland, controls the release of hormones by the adrenal glands? epinephrine cortisol aldosterone ACTH

Answer 35

ACTH

Question 36

all of the following are most likely a benign adrenal mass EXCEPT: adrenal adenoma neuroblastoma pheochromocytoma adrenal hematoma

Answer 36

neuroblastoma

Question 37

all of the following are clinical findings of a pheochromocytoma EXCEPT: bradycardia uncontrollable HTN excessive sweating tremors

Answer 37

bradycardia

Question 38

which plays a part in the development of male characteristics? androgens cortisol aldosterone hematocrit

Answer 38

androgens

Question 39

the adrenal glands receive a portion of their blood supply from all of the following EXCEPT the: suprarenal branches of the inferior phrenic arteries suprarenal branches of the AO suprarenal branches of the renal arteries suprarenal branches of the celiac trunk

Answer 39

suprarenal branches of the celiac trunk

Question 40

all of the following are true statements about the adrenal glands EXCEPT: the adrenal glands play an important role in BP regulation the adrenal glands are easily identified in the fetus the left adrenal gland is located lateral to the upper pole of the left kidney the right adrenal gland is located medial to the right lobe of the liver

Answer 40

the left adrenal gland is NOT located lateral to the upper pole of the left kidney it is located MEDIAL to the upper pole of the left kidney

Question 41

You are performing an abdominal ultrasound and suspect a left adrenal mass. Which may stimulate an adrenal mass? thickened diaphragmatic crus accessory spleen gastric diverticulum retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy all of the above

Answer 41

all of the above

Question 42

which describes the correct anatomic relationship of the left adrenal gland? superolateral to the left kidney anterior to the pancreatic tail lateral to the abdominal AO and diaphragmatic crus inferior to the quadratus lumborum muscle inferior and lateral to the splenic hilum

Answer 42

lateral to the abdominal AO and diaphragmatic crus