Adrenal Glands Flashcards
A newborn in the ICU has suffered from brief anoxia at birth and is now suffering from jaundice. Superior to the right kidney, you visualize a triangular-shaped, heterogeneous mass. What is the most likely diagnosis?
adrenal hemorrhage
adrenal adenoma
pheochromocytoma
cushings
adrenal hemorrhage
all of the following are associated with Conn syndrome EXCEPT:
adrenal adenoma
HTN
excessive thirst
thinning arms and legs
thinning arms and legs
when internal bleeding is suspected, what laboratory value is most useful for a sonographer to evaluate?
hematocrit
blood urea nitrogen
androgenic hormone
alkaline phosphatase
hematocrit
which mass-like lesions may be associated with congenital adrenal hyperplasia and found within the testes?
adrenal adenomas
adrenal rests
pheochromocytomas
neuroblastomas
adrenal rests
the syndrome associated with HTN, hyperglycemia, obesity, and an adrenal mass is:
edwards syndrome
cushing syndrome
juliet syndrome
hirschsprung sybdrome
cushing syndrome
all of the following are true statements about the adrenal glands EXCEPT:
easily identified in the fetus
are exocrine glands
composed of medulla and cortex
referred to as suprarenal glands
adrenal glands are NOT exocrine glands, they are endocrine glands
the adrenal glands are surrounded by a connective tissue capsule called:
glisson capsule
adrenalocortical fascia
gerota fascia
glisson fascia
gerota fascia
the left suprarenal vein drains directly into the:
IVC
abdominal AO
celiac trunk
LRV
LRV
Conn syndrome results from:
low levels of cortisol
high levels of cortisol
high levels of aldosterone
low levels of epinephrine
high levels of aldosterone
with active internal hemorrhage, the patient’s hematocrit will:
increase
decrease
become stable
not change
decrease
which would result in buffalo hump and moon-shaped face clinical findings?
conn syndrome
addison disease
adrogenism
hypercorticolism
hypercortisolism
which types of glands release their hormones directly into the bloodstream?
endocrine
exocrine
endocrine
a localized collection of blood describes a:
hemangioma
hematoma
hypertoma
hydrocele
hematoma
what is the cause of cushing disease?
anterior pituitary gland tumor
adrenal hemorrhage
neuroblastoma
hyperaldosteronism
anterior pituitary gland tumor
the arterial blood supply to the adrenal glands is accomplished by means of the:
celiac trunk
subphrenic arteries
suprarenal arteries
SMA
suprarenal arteries
which has a clinical finding of bronzing of the skin?
addison disease
cushing disease
cushing syndrome
conn syndrome
addison disease
hyperfunctioning adrenal adenomas are associated with all of the following EXCEPT:
cushing syndrome
conn syndrome
hypoechoic mass
acute drop in hematocrit
acute drop in hematocrit
which is also referred to as primary adrenocortical insufficiency?
conn syndrome
addison disease
cushing disease
congenital adrenal hyperplasia
addison disease
the adrenal cortex produces all of the following EXCEPT:
cortisol
androgens
aldosterone
adrenaline
adrenaline
which is produced by the adrenal medulla?
cortisol
aldosterone
norepinephrine
androgens
norepinephrine
what is the term for low levels of sodium in the blood?
hypokalemia
hypopigmentation
hyponatremia
hypodisuria
hyponatremia
which hormones are responsible for the “fight or flight” response?
epinephrine and norepinephrine
cortisol and androgens
cortisol and aldosterone
ACTH and aldosterone
epinephrine and norepinephrine
which is associated with hyponatremia?
cushing syndrome
conn syndrome
pheochromocytoma
addison disease
addison disease
which best describes the location of the right adrenal gland?
posterior and lateral to the pancreas
medial to the lower pole of right kidney
posterior and lateral to the IVC
medial to the crus of the diaphragm
posterior and lateral to the IVC
Upon sonographic examination of the RUQ on a 32 year old female patient complaining of generalized abdominal pain, you visualize an anechoic mass with posterior enhancement superior and medial to the upper pole of the right kidney. This most likely represents:
adrenal metastatic lesion
pheochromocytoma
neuroblastoma
adrenal cyst
adrenal cyst
the right suprarenal vein drains directly into the:
IVC
abdominal AO
celiac trunk
LRV
IVC
the adrenal mass often associated with uncontrollable HTN, tachycardia, and tremors is the:
neuroblastoma
adrenal hematoma
oncocytoma
pheochromocytoma
pheochromocytoma
A 45 year old obese woman with thin arms and legs, HTN, and severe fatigue presents to the ultrasound department for an abdominal ultrasound. Based on these clinical findings, you should evaluate the adrenal glands closely for signs of:
addison cyst
adrenal hemorrhage
adrenal adenoma
neuroblastoma
adrenal adenoma
the most common sonographic appearance of a pheochromocytoma is:
hyperechoic mass
hypoechoic mass
anechoic mass
complex mass
hyperechoic mass
the most common, extracranial, malignant mass in children is the:
hepatoblastoma
hypernephroma
pheochromocytoma
neuroblastoma
neuroblastoma
which is associated with hypernatremia?
cushing syndrome
conn syndrome
pheochromocytoma
addison disease
conn syndrome
the most common sonographic appearance of a neuroblastoma is:
hyperechoic mass
heterogeneous mass with calcifications
anechoic mass
hypoechoic mass
heterogeneous mass with calcifications
the neuroblastoma typically presents before the age of:
1 year
2 years
4 years
5 years
5 years
which hormone is responsible for regulating BP by controlling the amounts of sodium and water in the body?
epinephrine
cortisol
aldosterone
ACTH
aldosterone
which hormone, secreted by the anterior pituitary gland, controls the release of hormones by the adrenal glands?
epinephrine
cortisol
aldosterone
ACTH
ACTH
all of the following are most likely a benign adrenal mass EXCEPT:
adrenal adenoma
neuroblastoma
pheochromocytoma
adrenal hematoma
neuroblastoma
all of the following are clinical findings of a pheochromocytoma
EXCEPT:
bradycardia
uncontrollable HTN
excessive sweating
tremors
bradycardia
which plays a part in the development of male characteristics?
androgens
cortisol
aldosterone
hematocrit
androgens
the adrenal glands receive a portion of their blood supply from all of the following EXCEPT the:
suprarenal branches of the inferior phrenic arteries
suprarenal branches of the AO
suprarenal branches of the renal arteries
suprarenal branches of the celiac trunk
suprarenal branches of the celiac trunk
all of the following are true statements about the adrenal glands EXCEPT:
the adrenal glands play an important role in BP regulation
the adrenal glands are easily identified in the fetus
the left adrenal gland is located lateral to the upper pole of the left kidney
the right adrenal gland is located medial to the right lobe of the liver
the left adrenal gland is NOT located lateral to the upper pole of the left kidney
it is located MEDIAL to the upper pole of the left kidney
You are performing an abdominal ultrasound and suspect a left adrenal mass. Which may stimulate an adrenal mass?
thickened diaphragmatic crus
accessory spleen
gastric diverticulum
retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy
all of the above
all of the above
which describes the correct anatomic relationship of the left adrenal gland?
superolateral to the left kidney
anterior to the pancreatic tail
lateral to the abdominal AO and diaphragmatic crus
inferior to the quadratus lumborum muscle
inferior and lateral to the splenic hilum
lateral to the abdominal AO and diaphragmatic crus
