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Anatomy > Pathologies > Flashcards

Pathologies Flashcards

1
Q

in an anterior dislocation of the humerus, the shoulder is rotated

A

laterally/external

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2
Q

The end of the spinal cord is at this level

A

L2

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3
Q

You are observing a 10-year-old childs posture. You notice that the right shoulder is adducted and internally rotated. What is the nerve roots involved

A

C5 and C6

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4
Q

During a triathlon biking accident, a rider fell and landed with the handle bar of her bike forced upward into her right axilla. Subsequently while swimming in another triathlon event she found that her right arm tired so badly during the swimming portion that she could barely finish the event. During examination, it was found that movements involving adduction, medial rotation and extension of her arm were particularly weak and affected her swimming stroke. The nerve injured was the

A

Thoracodorsal

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5
Q

Interruption of the median nerve in the cubital fossa affects what movement(s) of the thumb

A

flexion and opposition

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6
Q

A patient is severely limited in extension at the wrist joint after several months in a cast following a Colles’ fracture. Which joint would be especially important in therapy to regain full extension?

A

radiocarpal

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7
Q

If the tendon of palmaris longus were transected, what movement would be affected

A

flexion of wrist

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8
Q

The pulse of the radial artery at the wrist is felt immediately lateral to which tendon?

A

abductor pollicis longus

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9
Q

If the medial epicondyle of the humerus is fractured and the nerve passing dorsal to it is injured, what movement would be most affected?

A

ulnar deviation

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10
Q

In a Colles’ fracture, the distal fragment of the radius moves

A

posterior

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11
Q

The carpal tunnel has ___ structures

A

10

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12
Q

The lower limbs get their blood supply from the

A

external iliac artery, femoral artery, tibial artery

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13
Q

What two nerves come off the posterior cord of the brachial plexus?

A

axillary and radial

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14
Q

Bishops hand is associated with the following movement pathology

A

can’t flex lateral three fingers

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15
Q

The function of lumbricales is to

A

flex metacarpophalangeal joint and extend interphalangeal join

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16
Q

In an anterior dislocation of the shoulder, the muscle that most affected is

A

infraspinatus and teres minor are weak

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17
Q

In a posterior dislocation, the muscle that most affected is

A

Subscapularis is weak

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18
Q

In a SLAP pathology, the following muscle may be injured

A

long head of the biceps

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19
Q

The Bankart lesion may happen due to______dislocation of the humeral head

A

anterior-inferior

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20
Q

A football player receives a blow to the posterior arm and fractures the middle of the humerus bone. What nerve may be paralyzed?

A

radial

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21
Q

The two muscles that are involved in the lateral epicondylitis are

A

extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis

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22
Q

The nerve supply for the muscle that inserts into the lesser tubercle of the humerus is the

A

upper and lower subscapular nerves

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23
Q

The nerve roots for long thoracic nerve are the following

A

C5 C6 C7

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24
Q

A patient complaining of pain on the outer aspect of the arm and forearm down the thumb would be expected to have involvement of the following spinal segment

A

C6

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25
Q

The triceps brachii reflex is a test for which spinal segment?

A

C7

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26
Q

In a Colle’s fracture the most affected muscle is the following

A

brachioradialis

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27
Q

Medial epicondylitis “golfer’s elbow”, what muscles are inflammed?

A

pronator teresand theflexorcarpi radialis

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28
Q

Dupuytren’s contracture

A
  • progressive shortening, thickening and fibrosis of palmar fascia and aponeurosis
  • pulls 4th and 5th fingers into partial flexion at the MCP and PIP joints
  • palmaris longus muscle (contracting)
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29
Q

Mallet finger

A

unable to extend DIP joint/forced flexion of DIP

30
Q

Swan neck deformity

A

hyperextension of PIP and

flexion of DIP

31
Q

Boutonniere deformity

A

flexion of PIP joints and

hyperextension of MCP and DIP

32
Q

Where is a SLAP lesion?

A

10 and 2

33
Q

Where is a Bankart lesion?

A

3 and 6

34
Q

De quervain tenosynovitis

A

inflammation of abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis

35
Q

Nursemaid’s elbow

A

radial head pulled out of annular ligament

36
Q

Posterior elbow dislocation

A
  • olcranon process goes posteriorly and superiorly
  • forearm forward and elbow back
  • results from hyperextension or blow that drives ulna posterior-lateral
37
Q

Rotator Cuff Injury

A

4 rotator cuff muscles

almost always includes supraspinatus muscle

38
Q

Where is weak in an inferior dislocation?

A

supraspinatus

39
Q

Where is a shoulder separation?

A

AC joint

40
Q

Smith’s fracture

A
  • falling on dorsal side on hand
  • distal portion goes palmar/anterior
  • rest of radius goes dorsal
41
Q

Hill-Sachs lesion

A

humeral head fracture

42
Q

Klumpke’s paralysis

A
  • C8 and T1
  • claw hand
  • wrist flexion C8
43
Q

Erb’s Palsy

A
  • C5, C6
  • cannot abduction or flexion at eblow
  • looks adducted and internally rotated
44
Q

Drop wrist

A
  • radial nerve dysfunction

- wrist extensors affected

45
Q

Ape hand

A
  • thenar muscles are affected

- medial nerve is affected

46
Q

Claw hand

A

-ulnar nerve dysfunction
-cannot go into flexion
muscles: lumbricles/interosseous
extension of IP cannot happen

47
Q

Bishop’s hand

A
  • cannot go into flexion
  • muscles: flexor pollicis longus, flexor digitorum profundus, flexor digitorum superficialis
  • median nerve
48
Q

Dupuytren’s contracture

A
  • progressive shortening, thickening and fibrosis of palmar fascia and aponeurosis
  • pulls 4th and 5th fingers into partial flexion at the MCP and PIP joints
  • palmaris longus muscle (contracting)
49
Q

Fracture to the clavicle

A
  • weakest part is the middle and lateral two thirds
  • after a fracture, the sternocleidomastoid elevates the medial fragment
  • trapezius is unable to hold lateral fragment up, and due to the weight of the upper limb, the shoulder drops
50
Q

Triangle of Ausculation

A

-superior border of lats, medial border of scapula, and inferolateral border of trapezius: posterior examination of the lungs

51
Q

Injury to Surgical neck of humerus:

A

axillary nerve

52
Q

Injury to radial groove

A

radial nerve

53
Q

Injury to distal end of humerus

A

median nerve

54
Q

Injury to medial epicondyle

A

ulnar nerve

55
Q

What are the borders of the deltopectoral triangle?

A

The deltopectoral triangle is a triangular space bounded by the lateral border of the pectoralis major muscle, medial border of the deltoid muscle, and clavicle.

56
Q

Clavipectoral Fascia

A

-pierced by cephalic vein, thoracromial artery and lateral pectoral nerve

57
Q

Suprascapular foramen

A

-suprascapular notch and suprascapular artery (airforce over navy)

58
Q

Quadrangular Space

A
  1. capsule of shoulder joint
  2. surgical neck of humerus
  3. long head of triceps
  4. superior border of teres major
    - posterior circumflex artery and axillary nerve
59
Q

Triangular Space

A
  1. superior borders of teres major
  2. inferior border of teres minor
  3. long head of triceps
    - circumflex scapular artery
60
Q

Triangular Interval

A
  1. Lateral border of long head of triceps
  2. shaft of humerus
  3. inferior margin of teres major
    Profunda brachii artery and radial nerve
61
Q

Biceps tendon reflex

A

C5

62
Q

Triceps tendon reflex

A

C7

63
Q

Brachioradialis tendon

A

C6

64
Q

Annular ligament resists

A

distraction

65
Q

MCL resists

A

valgus

66
Q

LCL resists

A

varus

67
Q

RCL resists

A

medial movement of the arm

68
Q

Elbow joint is what kind of joint?

A

hinge

69
Q

Proximal radioulnar joint is:

A

pivot-type of synovial joint

70
Q

What are the muscles of the snuff box?

A

A=extensor pollis longus
C=extensor pollis brevis
B= abductor pollis longus

71
Q

What ligament is ruptured in a shoulder seperation?

A

Coracoclavicular Ligament

Anatomy (16 decks)

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