Pathologies Flashcards
in an anterior dislocation of the humerus, the shoulder is rotated
laterally/external
The end of the spinal cord is at this level
L2
You are observing a 10-year-old childs posture. You notice that the right shoulder is adducted and internally rotated. What is the nerve roots involved
C5 and C6
During a triathlon biking accident, a rider fell and landed with the handle bar of her bike forced upward into her right axilla. Subsequently while swimming in another triathlon event she found that her right arm tired so badly during the swimming portion that she could barely finish the event. During examination, it was found that movements involving adduction, medial rotation and extension of her arm were particularly weak and affected her swimming stroke. The nerve injured was the
Thoracodorsal
Interruption of the median nerve in the cubital fossa affects what movement(s) of the thumb
flexion and opposition
A patient is severely limited in extension at the wrist joint after several months in a cast following a Colles’ fracture. Which joint would be especially important in therapy to regain full extension?
radiocarpal
If the tendon of palmaris longus were transected, what movement would be affected
flexion of wrist
The pulse of the radial artery at the wrist is felt immediately lateral to which tendon?
abductor pollicis longus
If the medial epicondyle of the humerus is fractured and the nerve passing dorsal to it is injured, what movement would be most affected?
ulnar deviation
In a Colles’ fracture, the distal fragment of the radius moves
posterior
The carpal tunnel has ___ structures
10
The lower limbs get their blood supply from the
external iliac artery, femoral artery, tibial artery
What two nerves come off the posterior cord of the brachial plexus?
axillary and radial
Bishops hand is associated with the following movement pathology
can’t flex lateral three fingers
The function of lumbricales is to
flex metacarpophalangeal joint and extend interphalangeal join
In an anterior dislocation of the shoulder, the muscle that most affected is
infraspinatus and teres minor are weak
In a posterior dislocation, the muscle that most affected is
Subscapularis is weak
In a SLAP pathology, the following muscle may be injured
long head of the biceps
The Bankart lesion may happen due to______dislocation of the humeral head
anterior-inferior
A football player receives a blow to the posterior arm and fractures the middle of the humerus bone. What nerve may be paralyzed?
radial
The two muscles that are involved in the lateral epicondylitis are
extensor carpi radialis longus and brevis
The nerve supply for the muscle that inserts into the lesser tubercle of the humerus is the
upper and lower subscapular nerves
The nerve roots for long thoracic nerve are the following
C5 C6 C7
A patient complaining of pain on the outer aspect of the arm and forearm down the thumb would be expected to have involvement of the following spinal segment
C6
The triceps brachii reflex is a test for which spinal segment?
C7
In a Colle’s fracture the most affected muscle is the following
brachioradialis
Medial epicondylitis “golfer’s elbow”, what muscles are inflammed?
pronator teresand theflexorcarpi radialis
Dupuytren’s contracture
- progressive shortening, thickening and fibrosis of palmar fascia and aponeurosis
- pulls 4th and 5th fingers into partial flexion at the MCP and PIP joints
- palmaris longus muscle (contracting)
Mallet finger
unable to extend DIP joint/forced flexion of DIP
Swan neck deformity
hyperextension of PIP and
flexion of DIP
Boutonniere deformity
flexion of PIP joints and
hyperextension of MCP and DIP
Where is a SLAP lesion?
10 and 2
Where is a Bankart lesion?
3 and 6
De quervain tenosynovitis
inflammation of abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis
Nursemaid’s elbow
radial head pulled out of annular ligament
Posterior elbow dislocation
- olcranon process goes posteriorly and superiorly
- forearm forward and elbow back
- results from hyperextension or blow that drives ulna posterior-lateral
Rotator Cuff Injury
4 rotator cuff muscles
almost always includes supraspinatus muscle
Where is weak in an inferior dislocation?
supraspinatus
Where is a shoulder separation?
AC joint
Smith’s fracture
- falling on dorsal side on hand
- distal portion goes palmar/anterior
- rest of radius goes dorsal
Hill-Sachs lesion
humeral head fracture
Klumpke’s paralysis
- C8 and T1
- claw hand
- wrist flexion C8
Erb’s Palsy
- C5, C6
- cannot abduction or flexion at eblow
- looks adducted and internally rotated
Drop wrist
- radial nerve dysfunction
- wrist extensors affected
Ape hand
- thenar muscles are affected
- medial nerve is affected
Claw hand
-ulnar nerve dysfunction
-cannot go into flexion
muscles: lumbricles/interosseous
extension of IP cannot happen
Bishop’s hand
- cannot go into flexion
- muscles: flexor pollicis longus, flexor digitorum profundus, flexor digitorum superficialis
- median nerve
Dupuytren’s contracture
- progressive shortening, thickening and fibrosis of palmar fascia and aponeurosis
- pulls 4th and 5th fingers into partial flexion at the MCP and PIP joints
- palmaris longus muscle (contracting)
Fracture to the clavicle
- weakest part is the middle and lateral two thirds
- after a fracture, the sternocleidomastoid elevates the medial fragment
- trapezius is unable to hold lateral fragment up, and due to the weight of the upper limb, the shoulder drops
Triangle of Ausculation
-superior border of lats, medial border of scapula, and inferolateral border of trapezius: posterior examination of the lungs
Injury to Surgical neck of humerus:
axillary nerve
Injury to radial groove
radial nerve
Injury to distal end of humerus
median nerve
Injury to medial epicondyle
ulnar nerve
What are the borders of the deltopectoral triangle?
The deltopectoral triangle is a triangular space bounded by the lateral border of the pectoralis major muscle, medial border of the deltoid muscle, and clavicle.
Clavipectoral Fascia
-pierced by cephalic vein, thoracromial artery and lateral pectoral nerve
Suprascapular foramen
-suprascapular notch and suprascapular artery (airforce over navy)
Quadrangular Space
- capsule of shoulder joint
- surgical neck of humerus
- long head of triceps
- superior border of teres major
- posterior circumflex artery and axillary nerve
Triangular Space
- superior borders of teres major
- inferior border of teres minor
- long head of triceps
- circumflex scapular artery
Triangular Interval
- Lateral border of long head of triceps
- shaft of humerus
- inferior margin of teres major
Profunda brachii artery and radial nerve
Biceps tendon reflex
C5
Triceps tendon reflex
C7
Brachioradialis tendon
C6
Annular ligament resists
distraction
MCL resists
valgus
LCL resists
varus
RCL resists
medial movement of the arm
Elbow joint is what kind of joint?
hinge
Proximal radioulnar joint is:
pivot-type of synovial joint
What are the muscles of the snuff box?
A=extensor pollis longus
C=extensor pollis brevis
B= abductor pollis longus
What ligament is ruptured in a shoulder seperation?
Coracoclavicular Ligament
