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Anatomy > Neck > Flashcards

Neck Flashcards

1
Q

Anterior longitudinal ligament

A

Reinforces anterior discs, limits extension

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2
Q

Posterior longitudinal ligament

A

Reinforces posterior discs, limits flexion

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3
Q

Ligamentum nuchae = supraspinous ligament

A

Thicker than in thoracic/lumbar regions

Limits flexion

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4
Q

Interspinous/intertransverse ligaments

A

Limit flexion and rotation/limits lateral flexion

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5
Q

Ligamentum flavum

A

Attach lamina of one vertebrae to another, reinforces articular facets
Limits flexion and rotation

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6
Q

Whiplash

A

flexion on extension injury

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7
Q

Platysma

A
  • Extends over front and side of neck
  • Originates from subcutaneous tissue over the pectoralis major and deltoid and inserts on the lower border of the mandible and muscles around the mouth
  • Depresses lower jaw and lip and angle of mouth, wrinkles skin of neck
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8
Q

External Jugular Veins

A
  • Formed by joining of posterior auricular vein and retromandibular vein
  • Inferior course, superficial to sternocleidomastoid
  • Drain into subclavian vein
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9
Q

Anterior Jugular Veins

A

Drain anterior aspect of neck

Drain into subclavian vein

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10
Q

Anterolateral Neck Muscles

A

Sternocleidomastoid

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11
Q

Posterior Neck Muscles

A

Semispinalis capitis, Splenius capitis, Trapezius

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12
Q

Sternocleidomastoid Muscle

A
  • divides neck into anterior and posterior triangles

- sternal & clavicular head insert onto mastoid process

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13
Q

Sternocleidomastoid Muscle innervation

A

Innervation is spinal accessory nerve (CN XI)

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14
Q

Sternocleidomastoid Muscle action

A
  • Acting together, muscles flex cervical part of vertebral column
  • Contraction of one muscle pulls ear down to tip of shoulder on same side and rotates head so that face looks upward to the opposite side
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15
Q

Bony and Cartilagenous Contents

A
  • hyoid bone (C3 level)
  • thyroid cartilage (C3/C4 level)
  • cricoid cartilage (C5/C level)
  • thyrohoid membrane
  • cricothyroid membrane
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16
Q

Throhyoid membrane

A

Between hyoid bone and thyroid cartilage

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17
Q

Cricothyroid membrane

A

Between thyroid cartilage and cricoid cartilage

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18
Q

Larynx

A

Organ of voice production and part of respiratory tract between lower part of pharynx and trachea

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19
Q

Cartilages of larynx

A

thyroid cartilage
cricoid cartilage
epiglottis

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20
Q

Goiter

A
  • enlargement of thryoid gland
  • can compress structures such as: trachea, larynx and esophagus
  • iodine deficiency
  • treated with radioactive iodine
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21
Q

Part I of subclavian artery

A

vertebral artery
internal thoracic artery
thyrocervical trunk

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22
Q

Part II of subclavian arterty

A

costcocervical trunk

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23
Q

Part III of subclavian trunk

A

suprascapular artery

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24
Q

Anterior triangle boundaries

A
  • anterior border of SCM
  • midline of neck
  • inferior border of manible
  • roof=platysma and investing layer of deep cervical fascia
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25
Q

Stylohyoid muscle

A

styloid process to hyoid

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26
Q

Stylohyoid muscle innervation

A

CN VII

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27
Q

Stylohyoid muscle action

A

Elevates and retracts hyoid during swallowing; elongates floor of mouth

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28
Q

Digastric muscle

A

mandible to mastoid

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29
Q

Digastric muscle innervation

A

CN V3 and CN VIII

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30
Q

Digastric muscle action

A

Depresses mandible against resistance or elevates hyoid bone during swallowing or eating

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31
Q

Suprahyoid muscles

A
  • stylohyoid
  • digastric
  • mylohyoid
  • geniohyoid
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32
Q

Infrahyoid muscles

A
  • omohyoid
  • sternohyoid
  • throhyoid
  • sternothyroid
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33
Q

Omohyoid muscle

A

superior border of scapula to hyoid

-has 2 bellies connected by intermediate tendon attached to clavicle by fibrous sling

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34
Q

Omohyoid muscle innervation

A

C1-C3 ansa cervicalis

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35
Q

Omohyoid action

A

depresses and fixes hyoid

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36
Q

Sternohyoid muscle

A

manubrium and medial clavicle to hyoid bone

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37
Q

Sternohyoid innervation

A

C1-C3 ansa cervicalis

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38
Q

Sternohyoid action

A

depresses hyoid after elevation during swallowing

39
Q

Thyrohyoid muscle

A

oblique line of thyroid cartilage to hyoid bone

40
Q

Thyrohyoid innervation

A

C1 via XII

41
Q

Thyrohyoid action

A

depresses hyoid and elevates larynx

42
Q

Sternothyroid muscle

A

posterior manubrium to oblique line of thyroid cartilage

43
Q

Sternothyroid innervation

A

C-C3 ansa cervicalis

44
Q

Sternothyroid action

A

depresses hyoid and larync

45
Q

Anterior common cartoid arteries

A
  • bifurcate at upper border of thyroid cartilage (C4 level)
  • internal carotid
  • external carotid
46
Q

Internal Carotid

A

no branches in neck and ascends and enters cranium through carotid canal to supply brain

47
Q

External Carotid

A

supplies most structures external to the cranium including: structures in neck, face, scalp, tongue and maxilla

48
Q

Anterior triangle veins

A

Tributaries of Internal Jugular Vein (IJV)

IJV leaves anterior triangle by passing deep to SCM muscle

49
Q

Anterior triangle nerves

A 
transverse cervical nerve (C2 and C3)
hypoglossal nerve (CN XII)
50
Q

transverse cervical nerve

A

skin over anterior cervical region

51
Q

hypoglossal nerve

A

motor nerve of tongue

enters submandibular triangle deep to posterior belly of digastric muscle

52
Q

Posterior triangle border

A

SCM
trapezius
clavicle

53
Q

Floor of posterior triangle

A

prevertebral fascia covering:

  1. splenius capitis
  2. levator scapulae
  3. middle scalene
  4. posterior scalene
54
Q

Roof of posterior triangle

A

platysma and deep cervical fascia

55
Q

Nerves of posterior triangle

A
  • spinal accessory (CN XI)
  • roots of brachail plexus (C5-T1)
  • cervical plexus (C1-C4)
56
Q

Ansa cervicalis (C1,C2,C3)

A

innervates strap muscles (omohyoid, sternohyoid muscles)

57
Q

Phrenic Nerve (C3-C5)

A
  • mainly C4

- motor to diaphragm and sensory to central part

58
Q

Anterior vertebral muscles

A
  • longus colli
  • longus capitis
  • rectus capitis anterior
  • anterior scalene
59
Q

Longus colli attachments

A

runs between cervical and upper thoracic vertebrae

60
Q

Longus colli innervation

A

anterior rami C2-C6

61
Q

Longus colli action

A

flexes neck

62
Q

Longus capitis attachments

A

from occipital bone to transverse processes C3-C6

63
Q

longus capitis innervation

A

anterior rami C1-C3

64
Q

longus capitis action

A

flexes head

65
Q

Rectus capitis anterior attachments

A

base of cranium to C1

66
Q

rectus capitis anterior innervation

A

C1 and C2 spinal nerves

67
Q

rectus capitis anterior action

A

flexes head

68
Q

anterior scalene attachments

A

transverse processes C3-C6 to first rib

69
Q

Anterior scalene innervation

A

C4-C6 spinal nerves

70
Q

Anterior scalene actions

A

flexes head

71
Q

Lateral vertebral muscles

A
  • rectus capitis lateralis
  • middle scalene
  • posterior scalene
  • splenius capitus
  • levator scapulae
72
Q

Rectus capitis lateralis attachments

A

occipital bone to transverse process C1

73
Q

Rectus capitis lateralis innervation

A

C1 and C2

74
Q

Rectus capitis lateralis actions

A

flexes head and stabilization

75
Q

Middle scalene attachments

A

transverse processes of C2-C7 to first rib

76
Q

Middle scalene innervation

A

anterior rami of cervical spinal nerves

77
Q

Middle scalene actions

A

Flexes neck laterally; elevates first rib during forced inspiration

78
Q

Posterior scalene attachments

A

transverse processes of C5-C7 to second rib

79
Q

Posterior scalene innervation

A

anterior rami of cervical spinal nerves

80
Q

Posterior scalene action

A

Flexes neck laterally; elevates second rib during forced inspiration

81
Q

Splenius Capitus attachments

A

Inferior nuchal ligament and spinous processes of T1-T6 to mastoid process and lateral nuchal line

82
Q

Splenius Capitus Innervation

A

posterior rami of middle cervical spinal nerves

83
Q

Splenius Capitus actions

A

Unilateral: Laterally flexes and rotates head and neck to same side
Bilaterally: extends head and neck

84
Q

Levator Scapulae attachments

A

Transverse processes of C2-C6 to superior part of medial border of scapula

85
Q

Levator Scapulae innervation

A

dorsal scapular nerve C5

86
Q

Levator scapulae action

A

elevates scapula

87
Q

Vagus Nerve (CN X)

A

-descend through neck in carotid sheath & posterior to sternoclavicular joint to enter thoracic cavity

88
Q

Phrenic Nerve (C4-C5)

A
  • formed at lateral border of anterior scalene muscle

- descend between subclavian arteries and veins to enter thorax on each side of mediastinum

89
Q

Mylohyoid muscle

A

mandible to body of hyoid

90
Q

Mylohyoid action

A

Elevates hyoid, floor of mouth and tongue during swallowing and speaking

91
Q

Mylohyoid innervation

A

CN V3

92
Q

Geniohyoid muscle

A

mandible to hyoid

93
Q

Geniohyoid action

A

Pulls hyoid anterosuperiorly; shortens floor of mouth; widens pharynx

94
Q

Geniohyoid innervation

A

C1 via CN XII

Anatomy (16 decks)

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