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Anatomy > Knee Joint > Flashcards

Knee Joint Flashcards

1
Q

Posterior Cruciate Ligament

A
  • arises from posterior intracondyle area of tibia and inserts laterl surface of medial femoral condyle
  • shorter, straighter and stronfer than ACL
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2
Q

Action of PCL

A

prevents backward sliding of tibia on femur (anterior displacement of femur on tibia)

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3
Q

When is the PCL taut?

A

taut during flexion of knee and lax during extension

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4
Q

Anterior Cruciate Ligament

A

Arises from anterior intracondylar area of tibia and inserts into medial surface of lateral femoral condyle

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5
Q

ACL prevents:

A

Prevents forward sliding of tibia on femur (or posterior displacement of femur on tibia)

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6
Q

When is ACL taut/lax?

A

Taut during extension of knee and lax during flexion of knee

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7
Q

When can the ACL be torn?

A

when knee is hyperextended

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8
Q

Lateral (Fibular) collateral ligament:

A

separated from lateral meniscus by tendon of popliteus tenon

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9
Q

Function of Lateral (fibular) collateral ligament:

A

limits adduction of leg at knee

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10
Q

Medial (tibial) collateral ligament

A

firmly attached to medial mensicus

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11
Q

Function of medial (tibial) collateral ligment

A

prevents abduction of the leg at the knee

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12
Q

MCL supports knee against:

A

valgus force and offers resistance to both internal and external rotation

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13
Q

LCL limits:

A

varus force not affected by rotation

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14
Q

Shape of medial menicus

A

C-shaped

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15
Q

Shape of lateral meniscus

A

almost circular

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16
Q

Purpose of menisci:

A

Act as cushion or shock absorber and facilitates lubrication of articular surfaces

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17
Q

What binds the anterior horns of mensici:

A

transverse ligament

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18
Q

Patellar Ligament:

A

continuation of quadriceps tendon

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19
Q

Function of fibrocartilage menisci:

A

cushion/shock absorption

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20
Q

What is in popliteal fossa?

A

popliteal vein
popliteal artery
tibial nerve

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21
Q

Where does the sciatic nerve bifurcate?

A

popliteal fossa

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22
Q

Tibialis anterior origin

A

Lateral condyle of tibia, proximal 1/2 - 2/3 or lateral surface of tibial shaft, interosseous membrane, and the deep surface of the fascia cruris

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23
Q

Tibialis anterior insertion

A

Medial and plantar surfaces of 1st cuneiform and on base of first metatarsal

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24
Q

Tibialis anterior action

A

Dorsiflexor of ankle and invertor of foot

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25
Q

Tibialis anterior innervation

A

deep peroneal nerve (L4,L5,S1)

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26
Q

Extensor Digitorum Longus origin

A

Lateral condyle of fibula, upper 2/3 - 3/4 of medial fibular shaft surface, upper part of interosseous membrane, fascia cruris, and anterior intermuscular septum

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27
Q

Extensor Digitorum Longus insertion:

A

Splits into 4 tendon slips after inferior extensor retinaculum, each of which insert on dorsum of middle and distal phalanges as part of extensor expansion complex

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28
Q

Extensor Digitorum Longus action

A

extend toes 2-5 and dorsiflexes ankle

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29
Q

Extensor Hallucis Longus origin

A

Anterior surface of the fibula and the adjacent interosseous membrane

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30
Q

Extensor Hallucis Longus insertion

A

Base and dorsal center of distal phalanx of great toe

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31
Q

Extensor Hallucis Longus action

A

Extends great toe and dorsiflexes ankle

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32
Q

Extensor Hallucis Longus innervation

A

Deep peroneal nerve (L4,L5,S1)

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33
Q

Gastronemius origin

A

Medial head from posterior nonarticular surface of medial femoral condyle; Lateral head from lateral surface of femoral lateral condyle

34
Q

Gastronemius insertion

A

calcaneal tuberosity

35
Q

Gastronemius action

A

Powerful plantar flexor of ankle and flexion of the knee, concentric contraction; extension of knee

36
Q

Gastronemius innervation

A

Tibial nerve (S1,S2)

37
Q

Soleus origin

A

Posterior aspect of fibular head, upper 1/4 - 1/3 of posterior surface of fibula, middle 1/3 of medial border of tibial shaft, and from posterior surface of a tendinous arch spanning the two sites of bone origin

38
Q

Soleus insertion

A

calcaneal tuberosity

39
Q

Soleus action

A

Powerful plantar flexor of ankle

40
Q

Soleus innervation

A

tibial nerve (S1,S2)

41
Q

Plantaris origin

A

Inferior aspect of lateral supracondylar line of distal femur

42
Q

Plantaris insertion

A

Middle 1/3 of the posterior calcaneal surface, just medial to Achilles tendon

43
Q

Plantaris action

A

Plantar flexor of ankle; also flexes knee

44
Q

Plantaris innervation

A

tibial nerve (L5,S1,S2)

45
Q

Tibialis Posterior origin

A

Posterior aspect of interosseous membrane, superior 2/3 of medial posterior surface of fibula, superior aspect of posterior surface of tibia, and from intermuscular septum between muscles of posterior compartment and deep transverse septum

46
Q

Tibialis Posterior insertion

A

Splits into two slips after passing inferior to plantar calcaneonavicular ligament; superficial slip inserts on the tuberosity of the navicular bone and sometimes medial cuneiform; deeper slip divides again into slips inserting on plantar surfaces of metatarsals 2 - 4 and second cuneiform

47
Q

Tibialis posterior action

A

Principal invertor of foot; also adducts foot, plantar flexes ankle, and helps to supinate the foot

48
Q

Tibialis posterior innervation

A

tibial nerve (L4,L5)

49
Q

Flexor Digitorum Longus origin

A

Posterior surface of tibia distal to popliteal line

50
Q

Flexor Digitorum Longus insertion

A

Splits into four slips after passing through medial intermuscular septum of plantar surface of foot; these slips then insert on plantar surface of bases of 2nd - 5th distal phalanges

51
Q

Flexor Digitorum Longus action

A

Flexes toes 2 - 5; also helps in plantar flexion of ankle

52
Q

Flexor Digitorum Longus innervation

A

Tibial nerve (S2, S3)

53
Q

Flexor Hallucis Longus origin

A

Inferior 2/3 of posterior surface of fibula, lower part of interosseous membrane

54
Q

Flexor Hallucis Longus insertion

A

Plantar surface of base of distal phalanx of great toe

55
Q

Flexor Hallucis Longus action

A

Flexes great toe, helps to supinate ankle, and is a very weak plantar flexor of ankle

56
Q

Flexor Hallucis Longus innervation

A

Tibial nerve (S2, S3)

57
Q

Popliteus origin

A

Anterior part of the popliteal groove on lateral surface of lateral femoral condyle

58
Q

Popliteus insertion

A

Posterior surface of tibia in a fan-like fashion, just superior to the popliteal line

59
Q

Popliteus action

A

Rotates knee medially and flexes the leg on the thigh

60
Q

Popliteus innervation

A

Tibial nerve (L4, L5, S1)

61
Q

Peroneus Tertius origin

A

Arises with the extensor digitorum longus from the medial fibular shaft surface and the anterior intermuscular septum (between the extensor digitorum longus and the tibialis anterior)

62
Q

Peroneus Tertius insertion

A

Dorsal surface of the base of the fifth metatarsal

63
Q

Peroneus Tertius action

A

Works with the extensor digitorum longus to dorsiflex, evert and abduct the foot

64
Q

Peroneus Tertius innervation

A

Deep peroneal nerve (L5, S1)

65
Q

Peroneus Brevis origin

A

Inferior 2/3 of lateral fibular surface; also anterior and posterior intermuscular septa of leg

66
Q

Peroneus Brevis insertion

A

Lateral surface of styloid process of 5th metatarsal base

67
Q

Peroneus Brevis action

A

Everts foot and plantar flexes ankle

68
Q

Peroneus Brevis innervation

A

Superficial peroneal nerve (L5, S1, S2)

69
Q

Peroneus Longus origin

A

Head of fibula, upper 1/2 - 2/3 of lateral fibular shaft surface; also anterior and posterior intermuscular septa of leg

70
Q

Peroneus Longus insertion

A

Plantar posterolateral aspect of medial cuneiform and lateral side of 1st metatarsal base

71
Q

Peroneus Longus action

A

Everts foot and plantar flexes ankle; also helps to support the transverse arch of the foot

72
Q

Peroneus Longus innervation

A

Superficial peroneal nerve (L5, S1, S2); may also receive additional innervation from common or deep peroneal nerves (L5, S1, S2)

73
Q

Small or negative Q angle

A

genu varum

74
Q

Q angle greater than 17 degrees

A

genu valgum

75
Q

Movement of tibiofibular joint:

A

moves anterior-posterior, up and down and rotates

76
Q

Bow legs:

A

genu vara position, lateral weight shift, supination

77
Q

Knock knee:

A

genu valga: obese, longitudinal

arch weakness, pronation

78
Q

Hyperextended knee:

A

knee pulled backward

79
Q

Tibial torsion

A

medial weight shift

knock-knee, flat feet, and pronation

80
Q

Anterior compartment of leg

A

dorsiflexors, innervated by deep peroneal, blood supply from ant. tibial aa.

81
Q

Lateral compartment of leg

A

evertors of foot, innervated by superficial peroneal nerve, blood supply from peroneal aa.

82
Q

Posterior compartment of leg

A

plantar flexors, innervated by tibial nerve, blood supply from posterior tibial aa.

Anatomy (16 decks)

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