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Anatomy > Foot > Flashcards

Foot Flashcards

1
Q

Hindfoot

A

Talus

Calcaneus

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2
Q

Midfoot

A

Navicular
Cuboid
Cuneiforms

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3
Q

Forefoot

A

Metatarsals

Phalanges

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4
Q

What transmits the majority of body weight to the ground?

A

Calcaneus

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5
Q

What motion does the synovial hinge joint do?

A

dorsiflexion and plantarflexion

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6
Q

Where does inversion and eversion take place?

A

tarsal joints

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7
Q

When is the ankle joint stable?

A

when foot is dorsiflexed

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8
Q

What are the parts of the medial ligament?

A

Tibionavicular
Tibiocalcaneal
Anterior tibiotalar
Posterior tibiotalar

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9
Q

What is the function of the medial ligament?

A

Prevents overeversion of foot and helps maintain medial longitudinal arch

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10
Q

What are the divisions of the lateral ligament?

A

Anterior talofibular
Posterior talofibular
Calcaneofibular

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11
Q

What is the function of the lateral ligament?

A

resists inversion of the foot

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12
Q

What is the ligament most commonly torn in an ankle sprain?

A

lateral ligament, especially anterior talofibular

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13
Q

What does the subtalar joint allow?

A

inversion and eversion of foot

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14
Q

Where does the subtalar joint articulate?

A

inferior surface of body of talus with superior surface of calcaneus

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15
Q

What does the talocaneonavicular joint allow?

A

inversion and eversion

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16
Q

What does the calcaneoucuboid joint allow?

A

inversion and eversion

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17
Q

Where does the calcaneoucuboid articulate?

A

between anterior end of calcaneus and posterior surface of cuboid

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18
Q

What are the intertarsal joints?

A

subtalar (talcalcaneal joint)
talcalcaneovicular joint
calcaneocuboid
transverse talar joint

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19
Q

Cuneonavicular joints

A

planar, synovial joint

little movement occurs

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20
Q

Tarsometatarsal joints

A

planar, synovial

limited gliding or sliding movements

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21
Q

Metatarsophalangeal joints

A

condyloid synovial joits

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22
Q

What movements does the metatarsophalangeal joints allow?

A

extension and flexion, some abduction, adduction and circumduction

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23
Q

What do the interphalangeal joints allow?

A

flexion and extension

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24
Q

What is the function of the Long Plantar Calcaneoucuboid ligament?

A

maintains lateral longitudinal arch of foot

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25
Q

What does the Long Plantar Calcaneoucuboid ligament form?

A

canal for fibularis longus muscle

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26
Q

Where does the Long Plantar Calcaneoucuboid ligament extend?

A

from plantar aspect of calcaneus to cuboid and bases of matatarsals

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27
Q

What is the function of the short plantar calcaneoucuboid ligament?

A

supports lateral longitudinal arch

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28
Q

What is the function of the plantar calaneonavicular ligament?

A

supports head of talus and medial longitudinal arch

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29
Q

What ligament contains elastic fibers which give elasticity to arch and spring to foot?

A

plantar calaneonavicular ligament

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30
Q

What strengthens the medial longitudinal arch?

A

tibialis anterior and fibularis longus tendon

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31
Q

What is the function of the medial longitudinal arch?

A

primarily weight bearing

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32
Q

What is the function of the lateral longitudinal arch?

A

provides balance

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33
Q

What does the lateral longitudinal arch do during standing?

A

flatter and rests on ground during standing

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34
Q

What is the function of the transverse arch?

A

fibularis longus and tibialis posterior help maintain curvature of arch

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35
Q

Where does the plantar aponeurosis extend?

A

from calcaneous to fibrous digital sheaths

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36
Q

Layer I:

A

Abductor hallucis, Abductor digiti minimi, Flexor digitorum brevis

37
Q

Layer II

A

Quadratus plantae, lumbricales (FDL and FHL tendons)

38
Q

Layer III

A

Flexor hallucis brevis, Flexor digiti minimi, adductor halllucis

39
Q

Layer IV

A

Plantar interossei, Dorsal interossei (tendons of PL and TP are also found)

40
Q

Extensor Digitorum Brevis proximal attachment

A

calcaneus

41
Q

Extensor Digitorum Brevis distal attachment

A

Extensor tendons of digits 2-4

42
Q

Extensor Digitorum Brevis innerevation

A

Deep fibular nerve

43
Q

Extensor Digitorum Brevis action

A

Extends digits 2-4

44
Q

Extensor Hallucis brevis proximal attachment

A

calcaneus

45
Q

Extensor Hallucis brevis

distal attachment

A

Dorsal aspect of base of digit 1

46
Q

Extensor Hallucis brevis innervation

A

Deep fibular nerve (L5, S1)

47
Q

Extensor Hallucis brevis action

A

extends first digit

48
Q

Abductor Hallucis proximal attachment

A

Medial tubercle of tuberosity of calcaneu

49
Q

Abductor Hallucis distal attachment

A

Medial side of base of proximal phalanx of digit 1

50
Q

Abductor Hallucis innervation

A

Medial plantar nerve (S2, S3)

51
Q

Abductor Hallucis action

A

Abducts and flexes digit 1

52
Q

Flexor Digitorum Brevis proximal attachment

A

Medial tubercle of tuberosity of calcaneus

53
Q

Flexor Digitorum Brevis distal attachment

A

Both sides of middle phalanges of digits 2-5

54
Q

Flexor Digitorum Brevis innervation

A

Medial plantar nerve (S2, S3)

55
Q

Flexor Digitorum Brevis action

A

Flexes digits 2-5

56
Q

Abductor Digiti Minimi

A

Medial and lateral tubercles of tuberosity of calcaneus

57
Q

Abductor Digiti Minimi

A

Lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit

58
Q

Abductor Digiti Minimi

A

Lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)

59
Q

Abductor Digiti Minimi

A

Abducts and flexes digit 5

60
Q

Quadratus Plantae proximal attachment

A

Medial surface and lateral margin of plantar surface of calcaneous

61
Q

Quadratus Plantae distal attachment

A

Posterolateral margin of tendon of flexor digitorum longus

62
Q

Quadratus Plantae innervation

A

Lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)

63
Q

Quadratus Plantae action

A

Assists flexor digitorum longus in flexing digits 2-5

64
Q

Lumbricals proximal attachment

A

Tendons of flexor digitorum longus

65
Q

Lumbricals distal attachment

A

Medial aspect of expansion of digits 2-5

66
Q

Lumbricals innervation

A

Medial one: medial plantar nerve (S2, S3)

Lateral three: lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)

67
Q

Lumbricals action

A

Flex proximal phalanges, extend middle and distal phalanges of digits 2-5

68
Q

Flexor Hallucis Brevis proximal attachment

A

Plantar surfaces of cuboid and lateral cuneiforms

69
Q

Flexor Hallucis Brevis distal attachment

A

Both sides of base of proximal phalanx of digit 1

70
Q

Flexor Hallucis Brevis innervation

A

Medial plantar nerve (S2, S3)

71
Q

Flexor Hallucis Brevis action

A

Flexes proximal phalanx of digit 1

72
Q

Adductor Hallucis proximal attachment

A

Oblique Head- bases of metatarsals 2-4

Transverse Head- plantar ligaments of MP joints

73
Q

Adductor Hallucis distal attachment

A

Lateral side of base of proximal phalanx of digit 1

74
Q

Adductor Hallucis innervation

A

Deep branch of lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)

75
Q

Adductor Hallucis action

A

Adduct digit 1, assists in transverse arch of foot

76
Q

Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis proximal attachment

A

Base of 5th metatarsal

77
Q

Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis distal attachment

A

Base of proximal phalanx of 5th digit

78
Q

Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis innervation

A

Superficial branch of lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)

79
Q

Flexor Digiti Minimi Brevis action

A

Flexes proximal phalanx of 5th digit

80
Q

Plantar Interossei proximal attachment

A

Bases and medial sides of metatarsals 3-5

81
Q

Plantar Interossei distal attachment

A

Medial sides of bases of phalanges 3-5

82
Q

Plantar Interossei innervation

A

lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)

83
Q

Plantar Interossei action

A

Adducts digits 2-4

84
Q

Dorsal Interossei proximal attachment

A

Adjacent sides of metatarsals 1-5

85
Q

Dorsal Interossei distal attachment

A

1st- medial side of proximal phalanx of digit 2

2nd-4th- lateral sides of digits 2-4

86
Q

Dorsal Interossei innervation

A

lateral plantar nerve (S2, S3)

87
Q

Dorsal Interossei action

A

Abducts digits 2-4

88
Q

What actions occur with supination?

A

inversion and adduction

89
Q

What actions occur with pronation?

A

eversion and abduction

Anatomy (16 decks)

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