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USMLE Step I > Pathognomonic Findings > Flashcards

Pathognomonic Findings Flashcards

1
Q

Auspitz sign

A

Psoriasis (pinpoint bleeding spots from exposure of dermal papillae when scales are scraped off)

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2
Q

heliotrope rash

A

dermatomyositis

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3
Q

anti jo 1

A

dermatomyositis and polymyositis

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4
Q

Anti dna topoisomerase

A

Diffuse scleroderma

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5
Q

Anti centromere

A

CREST

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6
Q

anti citrullinated

A

Rheumatoid arthritis (citRUllinated)

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7
Q

Schaumann and asteroid bodies

A

Sarcoid (Asteroid has sarcoid)

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8
Q

Non caseating granuloma+ increased ACE

A

sarcoid

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9
Q

Anti smooth muscle

A

autoimmune hepatitis

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10
Q

Antihistone

A

Drug induced lupus

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11
Q

dactylitis

A

psoriatic arthritis

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12
Q

Assoc with temporal arteritis

A

polymyalgia rheumatica

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13
Q

Monosodium urate crystals

A

gout

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14
Q

calcium pyrophosphate crystals

A

pseudogout

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15
Q

Tophus

A

gout

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16
Q

Anti Ro

A

Sjogrens (also anti La) ribonucleoprotein

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17
Q

Anti La

A

Sjogrens (also anti Ro) ribonucleoprotein

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18
Q

Pannus

A

Rheumatoid Arthritis

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19
Q

HLA DR4

A

Rheumatoid Arthritis

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20
Q

Double bubble

A

Duodenal atresia or giant cell tumor of bone (epiphysis)

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21
Q

Blue cell tumor

A

Ewings sarcoma

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22
Q

Onion skin appearance in bone

A

Ewings sarcoma (also PSC and Tay sachs)

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23
Q

Glistening mass in medullary cavity

A

chondrosarcoma

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24
Q

Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia

A

(bone is replaced by fibroblast) think McCune Albright

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25
Q

Verrucae

A

warts– caused by hpv

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26
Q

Plaques with silvery scaling

A

Psoriasis

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27
Q

Multiple seborrheic keratoses (stuck on)

A

Indicates underyling malignancy

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28
Q

Honey colored crusting

A

impetigo

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29
Q

IgG AB against desmoglein 3

A

pemphigus vulgaris

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30
Q

IgG against hemidesmisomes

A

bullous pemphigoid (antibodies are BULLOw the epidermis)

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31
Q

christmas tree distribution rash

A

Pityriasis Rosea

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32
Q

Colles fracture

A

Osteoporosis (can happen otherwise but very common in osteoporosis)

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33
Q

Chalk stick fracture

A

Pagets disease

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34
Q

Mosaic bone pattern

A

Pagets disease

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35
Q

Sun burst appearance on xray

A

Osteosarcoma

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36
Q

Pleiomorphic cells that produce osteoid

A

Osteosarcoma

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37
Q

Soap bubble appearance on x ray

A

Giant cell tumor of bone (epiphysis; knee region)

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38
Q

Polished ivory appearance of bone

A

Osteoarthritis

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39
Q

Bamboo spine

A

Ankylosing spondylitis

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40
Q

Wichams striae

A

Lichen planus (reticular white lines on surface)

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41
Q

Postauricular lymphadenopathy

A

Rubella (when speaking about child with rash)

42
Q

Cherry red appearance of skin?

A

CO poisoining

43
Q

String of pearls?

A

Polyarteritis nodosa; PCOS; small bowel obstruction

44
Q

Strawberry cervix?

A

Trichimonas

45
Q

Strawberry tongue?

A

Kawasaki, Toxic Shock Syndrome, Scarlet Fever

46
Q

p anca?

A

Microscopic polyangitis (no granulomas); Churg Strauss; ulcerative colitis

47
Q

Vasculitis with IgA deposition?

A

Henoch Shonlein Purpura

48
Q

Targetoid rash?

A

Erythema multiforme or Lyme disease

49
Q

Charcot leyden crystals?

A

Asthma– eosinophilic breakdown in sputum

50
Q

Honey comb lung on xray?

A

Interstitial fibrosis

51
Q

Egg shell calcification?

A

Silicosis

52
Q

Ivory white calcified pleural plaque?

A

Asbestosis

53
Q

Chocolate agar blood and cyanosis?

A

Methemoglobin

54
Q

Golden brown fusiform rods–dumbbell shaped

A

Asbestos bodies (iron deposits)

55
Q

Hemosiderin laden macrophages?

A

Heart failure cells–macrophages consume blood–>build up of iron

56
Q

Nutmeg liver?

A

Right Heart Failure

57
Q

Fixed splitting

A

ASD

58
Q

Boot shaped heart on xray?

A

Tetralogy of Fallot

59
Q

Hurthle cells

A

Hashimotos (also see lymphocytic infilitrates with germinal centers)

60
Q

Pretibial myxedema?

A

Hyperthyroidism

61
Q

Antimicrosomal antibody?

A

Hashimotos (also see antithyroglobulin)

62
Q

Antithyroglobulin antibody?

A

Hashimotos

63
Q

Dense core bodies

A

Carcinoid tumor

64
Q

Regenerative nodules and bridging fibrosis?

A

Cirrhosis

65
Q

Elevated creatinine phosphokinase (CPK) and MB band

A

Acute MI

66
Q

“Bread and butter” appearance, granular

A

Fibrinous pericarditis

67
Q

Cystic medial necrosis, CT weakness underlying aortic dissection

A

Marfan’s

68
Q

Amorphous deposits of pale pink material between myocardial fibers

A

Amyloid (cause of restrictive cardiomyopathy)

69
Q

Splinter hemorrhages and Roth spots (petechiae in retina)

A

Subacute endocarditis

70
Q

Interstitial lymphocytic infiltrates / heart

A

Viral myocarditis

71
Q

Aschoff bodies (foci of enlarged cells surrounded by collage, lymphocytes, plasma cells)

A

Rheumatic fever

72
Q

Fish mouth shape due to chronic rheumatic scarring

A

Mitral valve affected by RHD

73
Q

Bird beak and lymphocytic infiltration at Auerbach plexus

A

Achalasia

74
Q

Squamous to columnar epithelium, goblet cells

A

Barrett’s esophagus

75
Q

Whorled appearance

A

Leiomyoma (eg benign esophageal tumor)

76
Q

Signet ring appearance

A

Gastric adenocarcinoma

77
Q

Absent rugae

A

Linitis plastica

78
Q

Villous atrophy

A

Celiac disease

79
Q

Skip lesions

A

Crohn’s

80
Q

Crypt abscesses and pseudopolyps

A

Ulcerative colitis

81
Q

Frond-like appearance without nuclear atypia

A

Peutz-Jegher’s syndrome

82
Q

Cauliflower appearance due to elongated glandular structures

A

Villous adenoma

83
Q

Episodic elevations in serum amino transferase

A

Hepatitis C

84
Q

Ground glass hepatocytes

A

Hepatitis B

85
Q

Muddy red, mushy appearance with blotchy bile staining, collapsed reticulin framework and preserved portal tracts

A

Fulminant liver

86
Q

Yellow and greasy liver

A

Hepatic steatosis

87
Q

Mallory bodies (eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusions)

A

Alcoholic liver disease (Wilsons and NASH have these, too)

88
Q

“Alligator skin” like mucosal changes

A

Gastric varices

89
Q

Iron deposits appear blue; “bronze diabetes”

A

Hemochromatosis

90
Q

Kayser-Fleischer ring (and Mallory bodies)

A

Wilson’s disease

91
Q

Round/oval cytoplasmic globular inclusions in hepatocytes, strongly PAS+

A

Alpha 1 anti-trypsin deficiency

92
Q

+anti mitochondrial antibody

A

Primary biliary cirrhosis

93
Q

Barium –> beaded appearance in biliary tree; assoc w ulcerative colitis; “onion skin” like appearance Increased risk of Cholangiocarcinoma

A

Primary sclerosing cholangitis

94
Q

CA 19-9 and CA 50

A

Cholangiocarcinoma

95
Q

Abnormal deposition of cholesterol and TG-filled macrophages in lamina propria of GB; “strawberry gallbladder”

A

Cholesterolosis

96
Q

Shaggy, roughened mucosal surface or “porcelain” appearance; Rokitansky-Aschoff sinuses in muscularis

A

Chronic cholecystitis

97
Q

“Onion skin” like; concentric peri-ductal fibrosis

A

Ascending cholangitis

98
Q

No epithelial lining

A

Pancreatic pseudocyst

99
Q

Sheets of cells with uniform nuclei and eosinophilic or clear cytoplasm with PAS+ eosinophilic inclusions (similar to carcinoid) Cystic areas between cells..

A

Solid pseudopapillary tumor

100
Q

Honeycombed, Von Hippel Lindau syndrome (cysts and hemangioblastomas), cysts contain ciliates, cuboidal epithelium

A

Serous cystadenoma

USMLE Step I (25 decks)

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