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USMLE Step I > Classic/Relevant Treatments (First Line per First Aid) > Flashcards

Classic/Relevant Treatments (First Line per First Aid) Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Absence seizures

A

Ethosuximide

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2
Q

Acute gout attack

A

NSAIDs, colchicine, glucocorticoids

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3
Q

Acute promyelocytic leukemia (M3)

A

All-trans retinoic acid

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4
Q

ADHD

A

Methylphenidate, amphetamines, CBT, atomoxetine

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5
Q

Alcoholism

A

Disulfiram, acamprosate, naltrexone, supportive care (AA)

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6
Q

Alcohol withdrawal

A

Long Acting Benzodiazepines

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7
Q

Anorexia

A

Nutrition, psychotherapy, mirtazapine, SSRIs

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8
Q

Anticoagulation during pregnancy

A

Heparin

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9
Q

Arrhythmia in damaged cardiac tissue

A

Class IB antiarrhythmic (lidocaine, mexiletine, tocainide)

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10
Q

B12 deficiency

A

Vitamin B12 supplementation (work up cause with Schilling test)

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11
Q

Benign prostatic hyperplasia

A

a1 antagonists (Tamsulosin), 5a-reductase inhibitors (Finasteride), PDE-5 inhibitors

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12
Q

Bipolar disorder

A

Lithium, valproate, carbamazepine, lamotrigine (mood

stabilizers), atypical antipsychotics

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13
Q

Breast cancer in postmenopausal woman

A

Aromatase inhibitor (anastrozole)

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14
Q

Buerger’s disease

A

Smoking cessation

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15
Q

Bullimia nervosa

A

SSRIs

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16
Q

Candida albicans

A

Topical azoles (vaginitis); nystatin, fluconazole, caspofungin (oral/esophageal); fluconazole, caspofungin, amphotericin B (systemic)

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17
Q

Carcinoid syndrome

A

Octreotide

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18
Q

Chlamydia trachomatis

A

Doxycycline (+ ceftriaxone for gonorrhea coinfection), erythromycin eye drops (prophylaxis in infants)

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19
Q

Chronic gout

A

Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitors (e.g. allopurinol, febuxostat), Probenecid (underexcretor)

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20
Q

Chronic hepatitis B or C

A

IFN-a (HBV & HCV); ribavarin, simeprevir, sofosbuvir (HCV)

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21
Q

Chronic myelogenous leukemia

A

Imatinib

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22
Q

Clostridium botulinum

A

Antitoxin

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23
Q

Clostridium difficile

A

Oral metronidazole; if refractory, oral vancomycin

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24
Q

Clostridium tetani

A

Antitoxin + vaccine booster + diazepam

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25
Q

Crohn’s disease

A

Corticosteroids, infliximab, azathioprine

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26
Q

Cryptococcus neoformans

A

Fluconazole (prophylaxis in AIDS patients)

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27
Q

Cyclophosphamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis

A

Mesna

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28
Q

Cystic fibrosis

A

N-acetylcysteine + antipseudomonal prophylaxis (tobramycin/ azithromycin)

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29
Q

CMV

A

Ganciclovir, foscarnet, cidofovir

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30
Q

Depression

A

SSRIs (first-line)

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31
Q

Diabetes insipidus

A

Desmopressin (central); hydrochlorothiazide, indomethacin, amiloride (nephrogenic)

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32
Q

Diabetes mellitus type 1

A

Dietary intervention (low-sugar) + insulin replacement

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33
Q

Diabetes mellitus type 2

A

Dietary intervention, oral hypoglycemics, and insulin (if refractory)

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34
Q

Diabetic ketoacidosis

A

Fluids, insulin, K+

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35
Q

Enterococci

A

Vancomycin, aminopenicillins/cephalosporins

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36
Q

Erectile dysfunction

A

Sildenafil, tadalafil, vardenafil

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37
Q

ER-positive breast cancer

A

Tamoxifen

38
Q

Ethylene glycol/methanol intoxication

A

Fomepizole (alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor)

39
Q

Haemophilus influenzae (B)

A

Rifampin (prophylaxis)

40
Q

Generalized anxiety disorder

A

SSRIs, SNRIs (first line); buspirone (second line)

41
Q

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener)

A

Cyclophosphamide, corticosteroids

42
Q

Heparin reversal

A

Protamine sulfate

43
Q

HER2/neu-positive breast cancer

A

Trastuzumab

44
Q

Hyperaldosteronism

A

Spironolactone

45
Q

Hypercholesterolemia

A

Statin (first-line)

46
Q

Hypertriglyceridemia

A

Fibrate

47
Q

Immediate anticoagulation

A

Heparin

48
Q

Infertility

A

Leuprolide, GnRH (pulsatile), clomiphene

49
Q

Influenza

A

Oseltamivir, zanamivir

50
Q

Kawasaki Disease

A

IVIG, high-dose aspirin

51
Q

Legionella pneumophila

A

Macrolides (e.g. azithromycin)

52
Q

Long-term anticoagulation

A

Warfarin, dabigatran, rivaroxaban, and apixaban

53
Q

Malaria

A

Chloroquine, mefloquine, atovaquone/proguanil (for blood schizont), primaquine (for liver hypnozoite)

54
Q

Malignant hyperthermia

A

Dantrolene

55
Q

Medical abortion

A

Mifepristone

56
Q

Migraine

A

Abortive therapies (e.g. sumatriptan, NSAIDs); prophylaxis (e.g. propanolol, topiramate, CCBs, amitriptyline)

57
Q

Multiple sclerosis

A

Disease modifying therapies (i.e. B-interferon, natalizumab); for acute flares, use IV steroids

58
Q

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

A

RIPE (rifampin, Isoniazid, pyrazinamide, ethambutol)

59
Q

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

A

Ceftriaxone (add doxycycline to cover likely concurrent Chlamydia)

60
Q

Neisseria meningitidis

A

Penicillin/ceftriaxone, rifampin (prophylaxis)

61
Q

Neural tube defect prevention

A

Prenatal folic acid

62
Q

Osteomalacia/rickets

A

Vitamin D supplementation

63
Q

Osteoporosis

A

Calcium/ vitamin D supplementation (prophylaxis); bisphosphonates, PTH analogs, SERMs, calcitonin, denosumab (treatment)

64
Q

Patent ductus arteriosus

A

Close with indomethacin; open or maintain with PGE analogs

65
Q

Pheochromocytoma

A

a-antagonists (e.g., phenoxybenzamine)

66
Q

Pneumocystis jirovecii

A

TMP-SMX (prophylaxis in AIDS patient)

67
Q

Prolactinoma

A

Cabergoline/ Bromocriptine (dopamine agonists)

68
Q

Prostate adenocarcinoma/uterine fibroids?

A

Leuprolide, GnRH (continuous)

69
Q

Prostate adenocarcinoma?

A

Flutamide

70
Q

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

A

Antipseudomonal penicillins + aminoglycosides, carbapanems

71
Q

Pulmonary arterial hypertension (idiopathic)

A

Sildenafil, bosentan, epoprostenol

72
Q

Rickettsia rickettsii

A

Doxycycline, chloramphenicol (especially in context of aplastic anemia)

73
Q

Ringworm infections

A

Terbinafine, griseofulvin, imidazole

74
Q

Schizophrenia (negative symptoms)

A

5-HTZA antagonists (e.g., second-generation antipsychotics)

75
Q

Schizophrenia (positive symptoms)

A

D2 receptor antagonists (e.g., first- and second-generation antipsychotics)

76
Q

SIADH

A

Fluid restriction, IV hypertonic saline, conivaptan/tolvaptan, demeclocycline

77
Q

Sickle cell anemia

A

Hydroxyurea (increases fetal hemoglobin)

78
Q

Sporothrix schenckii

A

Itraconazole, oral potassium iodide

79
Q

Stable angina

A

Sublingual nitroglycerin

80
Q

Staphylococcus aureus

A

MSSA: nafcillin, oxacillin, dicloxacillin (antistaphylococcal penicillins); MRSA: vancomycin, daptomycin, linezolid, ceftaroline

81
Q

Streptococcus bovis

A

Penicillin prophylaxis; evaluation for colon cancer if linked to endocarditis

82
Q

Streptococcus pneumoniae

A

Penicillin/cephalosporin (systemic infection, pneumonia), vancomycin (meningitis)

83
Q

Streptococcus pyogenes

A

Penicillin prophylaxis

84
Q

Temporal arteritis

A

High-dose steroids

85
Q

Tonic-clonic seizures

A

Leviteracetam, phenytoin, valproate, carbamazepine

86
Q

Toxoplasma gondii

A

Sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine

87
Q

Treponema pallidum

A

Penicillin

88
Q

Trichomonas vaginalis

A

Metronidazole (patient and partner)

89
Q

Trigeminal neuralgia (tic douloureux)

A

Carbamazepine

90
Q

Ulcerative colitis

A

5-ASA preparations (e.g. mesalamine), 6-mercaptopurine, infliximab, colectomy

91
Q

UTI prophylaxis

A

TMP-SMX

92
Q

Warfarin toxicity

A

Fresh frozen plasma (acute), vitamin K (chronic)

USMLE Step I (25 decks)

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