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USMLE Step I > Antibiotics > Flashcards

Antibiotics Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Penicillin V and G

A

Inhibits peptidoglycan crosslinking- Stage III Transpeptidase.

Coverage: Gram positive rods, gram positve cocci, gram negative cocci, spirochetes

Sensitive to penicillinase
V–> Oral
G–> IV & IM

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2
Q

Amoxicillin, Ampicillin

A

Inhibits Peptidoglycan crosslinking- Stage III Transpeptidase. Penicillin on steroids, broader spectrum, also kills the HHELPSS e

H. influenzae
H. pylori
E. Coli
Listeria Moncytogenes
Proteus Mirabilis
Salmonella
Shigella
and Enterococci

Also Pennicilinase sensitve
Amoxicillin > oral bioavailability than Ampicillin

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3
Q

Dicloxacillin, nafcillin, oxacillin

A

Inhibits Peptidoglycan Crosslinking- Stage III Transpeptidase. Penicillinase Resistant Penicillins

Used to treat S. aureus except MRSA

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4
Q

Piperacillin, ticarcillin

A

Inhibits Peptidoglycan Crosslinking- Stage III Transpeptidase. Antipseudomonal penicillins, can also treat some other gram negative rods

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5
Q

Clavulanic Acid, Sulbactam, Tazobactam

A

B-lactamase inhibitors- administered with penicillinase-sensitive penicillins to inhibit degradation.

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6
Q

Cefazolin, Cephalexin

A

1st generation Cephalosporins Inhibits Peptidoglycan Crosslinking- Stage III Transpeptidase.
Gram positive cocci
PEcK
Proteus mirabilis, E. coli. Klebsiella pneumoniae

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7
Q

Cephalosporin Resistant Bacteria

A

These are LAME

Listeria, Atypicals (chlamydia, mycoplasma), MRSA, and enterocci

Exception: Fifth generations do hit MRSA

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8
Q

Cefoxitin, Cefaclor, Cefuroxime

A

2nd generation Cephalosporins. Inhibits Peptidoglycan Crosslinking- Stage III Transpeptidase.

Expanded spectrum over generation 1, still gram positive cocci.

HEN PEcKS

Hemophilius Influenza
Enterobacter aerogenes
Neisseria spp
Proteus
E. coli
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Serratia marcescens
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9
Q

Ceftriaxone, Cefotaxime, Ceftazadime

A

3rd generation Cephalosporins. Inhibits Peptidoglycan Crosslinking- Stage III Transpeptidase.

Serious gram negative coverage- resistant to other B-lactams.

CeftriaxoNE–> Neisseria gonorrhoeae

CeftazadiMe–> PseudoMonas aeruginosa

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10
Q

Cefepime

A

4th generation Cephalosporin. Inhibits Peptidoglycan Crosslinking- Stage III Transpeptidase.

Gram negative organisms with improved activity against Pseudomonas and gram positive organisms

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11
Q

Ceftaroline

A

5th generation Cephalosporin. Inhibits Peptidoglycan Crosslinking- Stage III Transpeptidase.

Broad gram positive and gram negative coverage, including MRSA

Does NOT cover Pseudomonas.

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12
Q

Ertapanem

A

Carbapanem. Inhibits Peptidoglycan Crosslinking- Stage III Transpeptidase.

Use only for severe infections after other therapies because of serious side effect profile- GI distress, skin rash, seizures.

Covers gram positive cocci, gram negative rods, some anaerobes- C. perfringens, Bacteroides fragilis

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13
Q

Imipenem, Meropenem, Doripenem

A

Carbapanems. Inhibit Peptidoglycan Crosslinking- Stage III Transpeptidase.

Also cover pseudomonas

Use only for severe infections after other therapies because of serious side effect profile- GI distress, skin rash, seizures.

Covers gram positive cocci, gram negative rods, some anaerobes- C. perfringens, Bacteroides fragilis

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14
Q

Aztreonam

A

Monobactam. Inhibits Peptidoglycan Crosslinking- Stage 3 Transpeptidase- binds Penicillin binding protein 3.

Covers gram negative rods ONLY. Less susceptible to B-lactamases.

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15
Q

Vancomycin

A

Inhibits Peptidoglycan Crosslinking- STAGE 2 d-ala-d-ala pentapeptide

Not susceptible to B-lactamases

GRAM POSITIVE BUGS ONLY. Serious, multi-drug resistant organisms, i.e. MRSA, c. diff, etc.

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16
Q

Gentamicin, Neomycin, Amikacin, Tobramycin, Streptomycin

A

Aminoglycosides.

Bacteriocidal. Inhibit 30S ribosome and bacterial protein synthesis, preventing initiation complex formation.

GNATS

Hits severe gram negative rod infections. Synergistic w/ B-lactam antibiotics.

17
Q

Tetracycline, Doxycycline, Minocycline

A

Tetracyclines- Bacteriostatic.

Inhibits 30S ribosome by directly affecting aminoacyl-tRNA binding/attachment.

First line for treating atypicals- intracellular bacteria i.e. Chlamydia and Mycoplasma.
Also hits S. pneumoniae, MSSA, MRSA, H. influenzae, and some E. Coli.

18
Q

Chloramphenicol

A

Blocks peptidyltransferase at 50S ribosomal subunity. Bacteriostatic.

Used for meningitis- H. influenzae, Neisseria meningitis, S. pneumoniae, and Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (Rickettsia)

Not commonly used due to toxicities- aplastic anemia, gray baby syndrome, etc.

19
Q

Clindamycin

A

Blocks peptide transfer (translocation) at 50S ribosomal subunit- bacteriostatic.

Used for anaerobic infections- bacteroides, clostridium, except for C. diff- common cause of C. diff overgrowth infections. Also effective against Group A strep.

USMLE Step I (25 decks)

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